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The mondegreen effect in L2 speech perception: An investigation of phonological ambiguity and cognitive expectation in the speeches of Indonesian university students Adi Sutrisno; Misnadin Misnadin
English Language Teaching Educational Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/eltej.v9i1.15721

Abstract

This study investigates the Mondegreen effect in second language (L2) listening by examining how phonological ambiguity and cognitive expectation interact to shape auditory misperception among Indonesian university-level EFL learners. While prior research has often treated L2 listening difficulties as either phonological decoding problems or failures of top-down processing, this study offers an integrated account by analyzing misperceptions across multiple linguistic levels. Data were collected from 165 Indonesian undergraduate students through a listening transcription task involving 12 naturally produced English utterances characterized by connected speech, prosodic variation, and phonological reduction. A total of 1,980 responses were analyzed and categorized into word, phrase, clause, and sentence-level misperceptions. The findings show that 39.9% of responses involved misperception, with sentence-level reinterpretations emerging as the most frequent pattern, followed by word-level substitutions and lower rates at clause and phrase levels. The analysis demonstrates that auditory misperception is systematically triggered by reduced and ambiguous speech signals, which obscure segmentation and activate competing lexical candidates. Crucially, listeners do not merely fail to decode input but actively reconstruct meaning, often relying on top-down expectations that override bottom-up acoustic cues. This study contributes to L2 speech perception research by reframing Mondegreens as evidence of dynamic meaning construction rather than perceptual error. It also highlights the interaction between phonological processing and cognitive expectation in real-time listening. Pedagogically, the findings suggest the need for greater emphasis on prosodic training, segmentation awareness, and metacognitive strategies to enhance learners’ perceptual resilience in authentic listening contexts.
Mapping the phonological processes of 4, 5, and 6 years old children in PAUD Tasikmalaya Anggia Suci Pratiwi; I Dewa Putu Wijana; Adi Sutrisno; Meiliana Nurfitriani
BAHASTRA Vol. 45 No. 2 (2025): BAHASTRA
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

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Abstract

Phonological ability reflects the perceptual and cognitive mechanisms required for children to learn and produce speech. This study aims to map phonological processes in early childhood at PAUD institutions in Tasikmalaya. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected from 315 children aged 4–6 years (77 aged 4, 148 aged 5, and 90 aged 6) across five schools: RA Baiturrahman, TK Negeri Pembina, TK Cangkurileung Kartika IX-10, TK IT Ihya As-Sunah, and Joykids. Speech samples in Indonesian were obtained through recordings of both structured and conversational speech. Data validity was ensured through expert judgment, and analysis followed the stages of data reduction, display, and verification. Results show that assimilation was the most dominant phonological process for both vowels and consonants across all ages. For vowels, assimilation declined with age (9 cases at age 4, 7 at age 5, and 3 at age 6), while addition (4 → 2 → 2) and substitution (3 → 0 → 1) were less frequent. Consonant assimilation was more prevalent (62 → 71 → 27), with gliding substitution (13 → 5 → 0) and general substitution (4 → 2 → 0) steadily decreasing. Sound addition appeared only at age 6 (3 cases). These findings indicate that vowel mastery stabilizes earlier, while consonant mastery involves more complex developmental processes. The study provides baseline data for identifying phonological difficulties early and offers guidance for PAUD teachers to recognize ongoing phonological processes beyond age six as possible signs of language delay.