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All Journal Jurnal Reka Lingkungan Jurnal Surya Medika Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal Jurnal Peduli Masyarakat Indonesian Journal of Global Health research Jurnal Farmasetis Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Indonesia Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat
Tri Harningsih
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional
Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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The Correlation between Blood Lead Levels and Smoking Habits among Retail Gasoline Sellers Mahdiah Syumarliyanty; Tri Harningsih
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol 7 No 5 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i5.5785

Abstract

Heavy metal lead (Pb) is a type of metal that can negatively impact both the environment and human health. With a melting point of 327.5ºC, lead is a naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust. Lead can enter the human body through various means, including water, soil, and air. Inhalation is one of the primary routes of lead exposure. Lead levels in the body can be assessed through blood, bones, hair, and nails. Additionally, smoking habits can influence blood lead levels, as cigarette smoke contains small amounts of lead. This study aims to examine the relationship between blood lead levels and smoking habits among retail gasoline sellers. A descriptive-analytical research approach was employed, using a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique. The study subjects comprised retail gasoline sellers in Batu Ampar sub-district, Balikpapan City, who met the inclusion criteria. Blood samples were analyzed using the ICP-OES method at the Labkesda DKI Jakarta. Data analysis was conducted using the non-parametric Spearman test. The results from 20 respondents indicated no statistically significant relationship between blood lead levels and smoking habits among retail gasoline sellers in Batu Ampar sub-district, Balikpapan City (correlation value = 0.115, p-value = 0.628). The highest recorded blood lead level among daily smokers was 8.634 µg/dL, while the lowest was <0.228 µg/dL.
Gender Differences in Biochemical ExaminationAmong Paint Industry Workers Purwati; Indah Tri Susilowati; Noviana Dewi; Chusnul Chotimah; Ratna Setyaningrum; Tri Harningsih; Dewi Saroh
Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 21 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v21i3.30675

Abstract

The production of paint involves the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals, which can impact health. Gender differences play a significant role in toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Variations in sex hormones, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and distribution volumes influence the body's response to toxins. This study aims to investigate biochemical parameters—including ALP, AST, ALT, Gamma-GT, total cholesterol, creatinine, cholinesterase, total bilirubin, fasting glucose, N Urea, eLFG, and uric acid—in paint industry workers, stratified by gender. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 89 workers engaged in production, research and development, and logistics within a paint manufacturing facility. Demographic data were obtained via questionnaires, and laboratory test results were analyzed. Statistical evaluation was performed using the chi-square test to determine the association between gender and biochemical abnormalities, with an odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and significance level set at p<0.05. The assessment of paint exposure among workers, based on biochemical test results stratified by gender, demonstrated that gender significantly influences these parameters (p<0.05). The findings of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (OR: 7.500, 95% CI: 1.146–49.100), total cholesterol (OR: 3.841, 95% CI: 1.142–12.916), and creatinine (OR: 30.179, 95% CI: 7.706–118.193) suggest that exposure to paint substances impacts liver function (as indicated by ALP), total cholesterol, and renal function (creatinine). These outcomes may be attributed to physiological, hormonal, enzymatic, and genetic differences between male and female individuals in their toxicological responses, as supported by biochemical examination results.
Co-Authors Agung Cahyany Prasetyo Agung Teguh Wibowo Almais Aisyah Aisyah Alfina Taurida Alaydrus Anggi Parasitekta Anton Prasetyo Arinto Murti Arlinda Karisma Putri Utami Aswad Badar Chusnul Chotimah Definingsih Yuliastuti Dewi Saroh Didik Supriyadi Dimas Suryo Dinar Agrita Dinda Choirunisa Dwi Haryatmi Ellisa Putri Damayanti Elsa Mayori Pamungkas Endang Widhiyastuti Fachry Abda El Rahman Ike Indriyani Indah Tri Susilowati Indah Wulaningsih Laela Nurul Rahma Lintang Fajar Dwi Amanda livana ph Mahdiah Syumarliyanty Maya Lutfitasari Muhammad Taufiq Qurrohman Natalie Olivia Revalina Noviana Dewi Nunun Sitoresmi Prasanti Prasanti Purwati Purwati Purwati Puspita Sari Putrie Prameswari Ratna Setyaningrum Rif&#039;atul Mahmudah Septiana Putri Wulandari Sinta Nuriyah Siti Fatimah Siwi Diyah Purwita Utami Sri Harini Sri Harini Stefano Argyata Pradana Suchi Ardiana Tri Kustono Adi Wimpy, W Yosefina Prameska Winanto Saputri Yusianti Sliviani