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ANALISIS BIAYA DAN TENAGA KERJA PADA BEBERAPA KILANG PENGGERGAJIAN DI SUMATERA SELATAN Sylviani Sylviani; Akub J Abdurachman
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 7, No 4 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.7.4.150 - 155

The result of research on several sawmills in South Sumatera showed that average level of manager productivity is 7.563 Cu.m/man/annum, administration productivity is 3.220 Cu.m/man/annum, tecnician productivity is 74 Cu.m/man/annum. Average labor requirements are 9 men/1.000 Cu.m of the design capacity and 10 men/1.000 Cu.m of raw material.Cost of production of sawntimber showed an average of Rp 184.808,-/Cu.m, in which the processing cost alone ranked high up to an average of 83 %, marketing cost 10 %, and general cost 7 %. Profit generated of each mill per annum ranged from Rp 891.060.692,- to Rp 3.165.279.700,- or equivalent to an average of Rp 80.053 per Cu.m.

NILAI TAMBAH PRODUKSI MOULDING DARI BEBERAPA PERUSAHAAN DI JAWA TIMUR DAN SUMATERA SELATAN Sylviani Sylviani; Akub J Abdurachman
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 4, No 3 (1987): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1987.4.3.36-40

Study about added value have done in relation with the diversification of wood working. Product of moulding Is one of the export product commondity which could contribute to increase foreign exchange earning. The obyective of the study is to conduct a study on several sawmills in South Sumatera and East Java.Average sawn timber waste and sawntimber that could be produce are 14. 600,50 cu. meter per industry each year. Those material which can be processed into moulding is 4.919, 75 cu. meter a year. Rendement of moulding that originated from sawntimber waste is less than 25 percent, and the one from sawn timber is 50 percent.The factory added value which yields profit is 226.863.832 rupiahs a year or 28.559 rupiahs per cu.m moulding. Income share distributed among of equipment factors are 34.273,50 rupiahs per cu.m (35,8 percent), labour 26.000 rupiahs per cu.m (27,2 percent), materials 6.892,50 rupiahs per cu.m (7,2 percent) and manager 28.559,02 rupiahs per cu.m (29,8 percent).Average employment opportunity to produce for each industri is 73.853 mandays or 516.973 manhours a year. Because the sawntimber waste and sawn timber was profitable to produce moulding, it is advisable that activities in the sawmills should be directed to produce moulding.

ANALISIS BIAYA ENERGI PADA BEBERAPA INDUSTRI KAYU LAPIS DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR. Analysis of Energy Cost at Several Plywood Factories in East Kalimantan SYLVIANI SYLVIANI
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 2 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.2.80-85

Several plywood factories in East Kalimantan showed that they use wood waste and diesel fuel for energy sources for power generation and electricity. Five plywood factories surveyed produced wood waste with average of 112,590 cubic m in 1991 and its utilization for energy source amounted to 59,601 cubic m on average, while average consumed diesel fuel was 10,000 litres / month .This study showed that operational cost of power generation on average was Rp 290,394,316 per year in which the cost for fuel was Rp 204,122,020 ( 70 % from total operational cost) while the cost of fuel in the factories that used wood waste was Rp 26,535,863.Besides factories that used wood produced electricilymore, so that average cost / kwh was smaller namely Rp 71.50 / kwh compared with those used diesel, namely Rp 307 / kwh.

ANALISIS DIVERSIFIKASl PRODUK KAYU OLAH.AN PADA INDUSTRI PENGGERGAJIAN TERPADU DI CEPU, JAWA TENGAH Sylviani Sylviani
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 6 (1991): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1991.8.6.201-218

Pro4ucta diventfication ia a mutegic tlecmon for integrated fore« indratry a it will contribute added value either in terms of income 1eneriltion or creation of employment, and to improve raw materiala. utilization and to b~n rmrket opportunitin.7b He the impact of product diversification a dudy waa conducted at an integrated teak aawmill in Cepu, Central •.liva. TM •average annual UH of lo1• are 21,896.16 cum oonmting of l 9,!69.46 cum (99'£) f0r •wmDl and•J,117.80 cum• (10%) for verae-r milL TM avmwe produetioR of •wn timber ia 9,681.48 cum per year ooverift6of the espo~ quality grade (COS), domedic quality grade~ and raw materialafor further proce• with volume• 1,190 •.03 cum (74%); 1,317.80 cum (14"), and 1,119°.66 cum (12%), re•pectively.The average production of veneer u 1,394.868 cum per year cona.ting of the. esport quality lftlde 121.076 cum (9%), domatic quality 180.970 crim (18%), induatrialmaterial 200.189 cum (14%), and dock 892.078 cum (64%). The amaunt of •raw materiai. oonaumedfor ,Parquetteand moulding factories on averageis 8,318.86~ cum ,,.r year. 7Jle additional production oosn of other woodproceaed products (veneer, ~quette, moulding) on averafe ia Rp ~186,816,483 per year with the coefficient variation around 10%. The averageadditional income before ma generated ia Rp 886,234,808, per year, w.ha.t the additional employment opportunitia created are 262 or 18,600 rnanday• or 660,200 manhoura per year.

PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA PADA BEBERAPA KILANG KAYU LAPIS DI SUMATERA Akub J Abdurachman; Sylviani Sylviani
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 4, No 2 (1987): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Plywood production can be increased by improving factory quality, work organization system, processing method, and by increasing the skill of the operators and other activities supporting labour productivity.Previous works indicated that low productivity of labour in plywood mill in Indonesia was mainly due to the low levels of education, skill and experiences of operators. This study is intended to obtain accurate data concerning this problem.The survey was conducted in several plywood industries in Sumatera in 1985 and revealed the following results:Average actual production of plywood mills is lower than the design production capacity. The average ratio of actual production capacity is as low as 0.422.The productivity of employees varies between mills, especially for Managers. Managers productivity ranges from 45.2 to 242 cum/man/month (standard error 93.5 cum/man/month); administrative staff productivity 14.1-38.2 cum/man/month (standard error 9,6 cum/man/month);and operators:1.7-5.9 cum/man/month (standard error 1.5 cum/man/month).Waging system in term of payment (monthly or others) and the amount of salary does not effect the productivity levels.

ASPEK SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI HUTAN RAKYAT Sylviani Sylviani
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 9 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.9.329-336

Propinsi Jawa Barat merupakan wilayah pilot proyek pengembangan hutan rakyat khusus kayu sengon, dan dikembangkan masyarakat secara tradisional. Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi petani hutan rakyat antara lain, luas lahan masih terbatas 67% dari jumlah responden memiliki lahan kurang dari satu hektar, tingkat pengetahuan yang rendah serta motivasi penduduk untuk membangun hutan rakyat masih kurang, Rata-rata pendapatan petani adalah Rp 3.356.590,- per tahun dengan distribusi sumber pendapatan dari kayu 13,3%, tumpang sari 4,9%, kebun 20% dan sawah 7,7%.Penghasilan petani rata-rata masih dibawah standar KFM wilayah Jawa Barat. Tingkat hidup masyarakat dapat dikelompokan sebagai petani yang berada di sekitar garis kemiskinan.

PRODUKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI PRODUKSI GONDORUKEM DI BEBERAPA PABRIK DI JAWA TENGAH Productivity and Efficiency of Several Collophonium Factories in Central Java Sylviani Sylviani
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 3 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Collcfohonium industries in Cen'tralJava are potential enough to be developed • a• source of income for people liuirw near the forest a well a for Perum Perhutani.Bated on the study at several collophonium factories, the averagelabourproductivity for administl'ativelab(!urandtechnician were 742 ton/man and 121,8 tori/man rapeetively. Jlaclainaryeflkiency averageWal 72 %, and that for material Wal, 189 %. The avm11te ef'/fciency for Coat used by private tac,torywaa 1,86 and.for Perum Perhutani 1,83. Actual total ~ost spent were Rp. 83,886,288 and Rp. 90,27'!,158,ctively, for factories run by private sector and Perum Perhutani.

ANALISIS TEKNIS DAN EKONOMIS PRODUKSI ARANG AKTIF INDUSTRI PEDESAAN Tjutju Nurhayati; Saepuloh Saepuloh; Sylviani Sylviani
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 5 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The objectives of this trial was to produce activated charcoal from 5 raw material species which are abundantly potential. The production was conducted in an experimentally designed kiln, expectedly appropriate as a manufacturing prototype of activated charcoal for the inherent endeavors or small-scale village industries, which would be feasible technically, economically, and environmentally. The parameters related to the technical analysis covered the manufacture of charcoal from three wood species (bakau, mangium, and tusam) and coconut shell; analysis on raw material for such charcoal and on the mixed charcoal from the market; activation process using water vapor and air at consecutively 0.25 bar and 4-5 atmospheric pressures, with the temperature as high as 705-805°C; and analysis on iod number for the quality of activated charcoal. For economic evaluation, the inherent parameters covered production cost, activated charcoal price, and other related aspects. For the comparative assessments were used activated charcoals from sawdust and coconut shell from industry. The results are as follows:The yields of resulting activated charcoal were varying, i.e 77% from mangrove charcoal as the highest, followed in decreasing order at 73% from coconut shell charcoal, 66% from both mangium and mixed charcoal, until 58% from tusam charcoal as the lowest. lod number of activated charcoal ranged between 472-722 mg/g, with the one from coconut shell charcoal as the highest and the mangrove charcoal as the lowest. The increase of iod number in coconut shell activated charcoal was the highest with six times higher in comparison to the one in its regular charcoal, followed in decreasing order by those mixed charcoal, tusam charcoal. until mangrove charcoal as well as mangium charcoal as the lowest ( i.e consecutively 3.98 times, 3.39 times and 2.45 limes).Compared to the Indonesian requirement standard for activated charcoal, such production trial of activated charcoal seemed to be insatis factory. This is caused by overall iod numbers which were still below 750 mg/g. However, the iod number in activated charcoal from coconut shell in this trial was still higher than the one in the corresponding activated charcoal produced commercial industries (i.e 722 mg/g). Meanwhile, the iod number in activated charcoal from mixed charcoal (654 mg/g) was lower, but still higher than those from tusam and mangium.The retort for the production trial activated charcoal was constructed of stainless steel reactor with 120 liter volumetric capacity and capable of producing 10 kg per day, using regular charcoal as raw material and firewood as a fuel. This retort was designed as a prototype model for the production of activated charcoal for small-scale industries. The method of production expectedly will not bring about enviromental impacts, since the generated vapour/gas during the activation was immediately incinerated in the fuelwood fire pol.The analysis revealed that the production using coconut shell charcoal as raw material in the retort with design capacity of 250 kg per month and 5 years technical life could be sold at Rp 6,000.- per kg of activated charcoal and therefore could bring in some net benefit at 5.5%. Activated charcoal production using mixed wood charcoal did not give significant any benefit. The benefit of activated charcoal production using coconut shell in that period would be even higher.

ANALISIS KETENAGA KERJAAN PADA BEBERAPA PABRIK KAYU LAPIS DI SUMATERA DAN KALIMANTAN Akub J Abdurachman; Sylviani Sylviani
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 8 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

An analysis of man power has been conducted in several plywood mills in Sumatera and Kalimantan in year 1987, and the result presented in this paper. The result shows that the average employment is 993 men per mill.Based on mill capasity and log input, the average level of labour absorption is 11.33 men/1000 cum designed capasity, and 10.66 men/1000 cum log input. The latter figure is more or less similar to that of the developed country in which the average level of labour absorption is.11.33 men/1000 cum. However labour absorption in each mill it is not proportional to both capasity and material utilization (logs). Organization structure of mills surveyed have a long span of control so it is recommended to be simplified.

BIAYA PRODUKSI KAYU LAPIS PADA BEBERAPA PERUSAHAAN DI SUMATRA SELATAN DAN KALIMANTAN SELATAN Akub J Abdurachman; Sylviani Sylviani
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 4 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

A research in production cost and its distribution was conducted in several plywood manufacturers in South Sumatra and South Kalimantan. The average, distribution and variation of production cost are discussed in this report. The results showed that average cost of production was Rp 313,066 per cu.m. with coefficient of variation 9% consisting of average fixed cost Rp 59,135 per cu.m. with coefficient of variation 19% and average variable cost Rp 253,931 per cu.m. with coefficient of variation 12%. Average profit before taxes was Rp 78,827 per cu.m. or 26% of production cost with coefficient of variation 48%. Due to the fact that the largers component of the cost was used for material expense (56%) so it is advised the manufacturers should give more care the material processing aspect so that the waste could be reduced as small as possible.

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