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PENGARUH LAJU AIR UMPAN DAN UDARA PADA GASIFIKASI FLUIDIZED BED LIMBAH KAYU KAMPER (DRYOBALANOPS SPP) Tjutju Nurhayati; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 1 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This research studied the fluizided bed gasification process of wood waste that could produce highly yield and good quality of fuel gas.The processing treatments were conducted at 3 levels of wood feed flow rate i.e 3. 6., 3.8 and 4.2 kgs/hour and 5 leveis of air flow rate i.e 4.4, 4.7, 5.0,5.4 and 6.5 m3/hour.The result revaled that highest caloriffic value of produced gas was 7.106 MJ/m3 which resulted from wood feed and air flow rate 3. 6 kg/hour and 4. 4 m3 /hour, respectively. The product gas composition of this rate was H2 = 5. 62 .CH = 3.99; CO= 11.77; C2H4 = 4.34; C2H6 = 0.21; N2 = 57.69; 02 = 0.40 and C02 = 15. 71 (in % volume)The highest total energy of product gas was 20.36 MJ/m3 with fuel gas efficiency 26.16% which resulted from feed and air flow rote 4.2 kg/hour and 6.5 m3/hour, respectively. The product gas composition at this rate was H2 = 6.03; CH4 = 3.51; CO= 12.60; C2H4 = 2.46; C2H6 = 0.16; N2 = 57.23; 02 = 0.45 and C02 = 17.58, while the fluidued bed gasification process was held at 97oᵒC.

ANALISIS KIMIA BATANG AREN (ARENGA PINNATA MERR) YANG BERASAL DARI CIANJUR DAN ANALISIS PENDAHULUAN KAYU AREN YANG BERASAL DARI SUMATERA BARAT Gusmailina Gusmailina; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 9, No 5 (1991): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This article describes about Chemical analysis of aren stem (Arenga pinnata Mcrr) from Cianjur and preliminary analysis aren wood from West Sumatera. The analysis comprised of the determination of holocelluloce, lignin, pentosan, tannin, ash content, silica content, and the solubility in cold water, hot water, one percent of sodium hydroxide and alcohol-benzene extractives. The analysis were conducted to determine the chemical component of aren stem from Jasinga, Bogor and chemical component of coconut wood.The average of holocelluloce, lignin, pentosan, tannin, ash and silica, extractives content, solubility in sodium hydroxide of peripheral portion for aren stem from Cianjur were consecutively as follow: 67,79 %, 22,17 %, 19,43 %, 4,07 %, 0,94 %, 0,67 %, 5,62 % (in hot water), 5, 14 % (in cold water), 2,69 % (in alcohol-benzene), 24, 79 % in sodium hydroxide 1 %. While for the central portion, the above analysis showed averages as follow : 48,07 %, 22,95 %, 19,3 %, 16,98 %, 4,41 %, 3,92 %, 17,51 % (in hot water), 12,81 % (in cold water), 7,83 % (in akohol benzene), 31,12 % in sodium hydroxide 1 %.The average of holocelluloce, lignin, pentosan, tannin, ash and silica, extractives content, solubility in sodium hidroxide. of aren wood (peripheral portion) for 63,93 %, 27,08 %, 11,17 %, 5,12 %, 1,50 %, 0,99 %, 1,02 % (in cold water), 2,99 % (in hot water) 4,50 % (in alcohol-benzene), 28,69 % in sodium hydroxide. While for the ruyung enau, the above analysis showed averages as follow : 68,83 %, 22,93 %, 14,0 %, 5,78 %, 1,25 %, 0,92 %, 0,22 % (in cold water), 3,01 % (in hot water), 3,98 % (in alcohol- benzene), 35,57 % in sodium hydroxide.Based on chemical analysis and the comparison to the coconut wood gave a low pentosan and ash content from coconut wood. On the contrary had a high tannin, extractives and silica content to coconut wood.

PENINGKATAN RENDEMEN DAN DAYA SERAP ARANG AKTIF DENGAN CARA KIMIA DOSIS RENDAH DAN GASIFIKASI (Improvement on recovery and quality of activated charcoal through low dossage chemical and gasification treatment) Hartoyo Hartoyo; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 5 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Study for improving the recovery and quality of activated charcoal through the combination of chemical and gasification treatments is presented in this paper. The material used in this experiments was charcoal derived from coconut shell. The material was immersed respectively in NaOH, Na2CO3, H3PO4 and ZnCl2 for 24 hours. Charcoal activation was conduted by using steam or combination of steam and mixed C02 and N2. The activated charcoal was produced in a stainless steel retort with electric heater at temperature of 900 - 1000°C.The result shows that the low dossage chemical treatment using NaOH at a concentration of 0,75%, or Na2C03 at a concentration of 0,75%, or ZnCl2 at a concentration of 5%, followed by activation by steam or the combination of steam and mixed C02 and N2.could produce good.quality activated charcoal which fullfils the commercial standard according to JIS. The produced charcoal attained the iodine adsorptive capacity of more than 1050 mg/g. By increasing the concentration of ZnCI2 to 10% or H3P04 to 20 %. followed by steam activation at 900°C - 1000°C, the iodine adsorptive capacity increased to more than 1200 mg/g.

PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI TEMPURUNG BIJI-BIJIAN ASAL TANAMAN HUTAN DAN PERKEBUNAN Nurmala Hudaya; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 4 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Research on µtilization of several seed shells of Aleurites moluccana, Hevea brasiliensis, Canarium communne L and Cocos nucifera for activated carbon by means of steam or ZnCl2 solution activat.ionwas conducted at the Forest• Product• Beaearch and Development Centre, Bogor.The results1howed that all kinds of raw material used could produce good quality and high yield of activated carbon. The yield of activated carbon produced were re1pectively ranging 'from 81,1-87,0% (Qmarium communne L.),66,4-77,1% (Aleurites moluecana), 65,3-71,3% (Hevea brasiliensis), 65,7-77,3% {Cocosnucifera). The quality of activat- ed carbon determened by adBorptive capacity of Iodine number need the• requirement as specified Standard of A WWA (1978) i.e minimum 500 mg/g.

KEMUNGKINAN PEMANFAATAN ARANG AKTIF KULIT KAYU Acacia mangium Willd UNTUK PEMURNIAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT Gustan Pari; Tjutju Nurhayati; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 18, No 1 (2000): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Dalam tulisan ini akan dikemukakan hasil penelitian tentang pembuatan arang aktif dari kulit kayu Acacia mangium Willd. dengan cara aktivasi uap kimia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas arang aktif dari kulit kayu Acacia mangium dengan pemakaian bahan pengaktif NH4HCO3 dosis rendah untuk penjemihan minyak kelapa sawit.Sebelum dibuat arang aktif, terlebih dahulu bahan baku dibuat arang pada suhu 500ºC selama 5 jam di dalam retor, selanjutnya arang yang dihasilkan dibuat arang aktif yang dilakukan dalam retor yang terbuat dari baja tahan karat dengan alat pemanas listrik pada suhu 900ºC. Apabila telah mencapai suhu tersebut dilakukan proses aktivasi dengan mengalirkan uap larutan NH4HCO3 selama 60 menit pada taraf konsentrasi 0,0; 0,25; 0,50 dan 0, 75%. Arang aktif yang dihasilkan di uji cobakan untuk menjemihkan minyak kelapa sawit dengan dosis masing-masing 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 dan 4,0 %.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas arang aktif kulit kayu Acacia mangium yang terbaik adalah arang aktif yang dibuat pada konsentrasi 0,25 % yang menghasilkan rendemen 29,34%, kadar air 14,49%, kadar abu 14,33%, kadar zat terbang 18,32%, kadar karbon 67,35%, daya serap terhadap benzena 23,37%, metilin biru 136,10 mg/g dan daya serap terhadap yodium sebesar 866,23%.Kualitas minyak goreng setelah dimurnikan dengan arang aktif yang dibuat pada konsentrasi NH4HCO3 0,25% menjadi lebih baik yang ditunjukkan dengan berkurangnya kandungan asam lemak bebas menjadi 0,12%, bilangan peroksida 0,47 mg/100g, bilangan iod 10,31 g/100g, kadar zat menguap 0,12% dan kadar kotoran 1,73%.

BEBERAPA SIFAT FISIS DAN KIMIA BRIKET ARANG DARI LIMBAH ARANG AKTIF Gustan Pari; Djeni Hendra; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 7, No 2 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The result of a study on briqueting charcoal from activated charcoal residue, prepared by using the hydraulic press process is presented in this paper. The residue : was subjected to two different treatments, namely unwashed and washed with water. Following the treatment, each residue material was mixed with starch adhesive, using four different concentrations: 0 percent, 1 percent, 2 percent and 3 percent, consecutively.The respons evaluated from the briquetted charcoal are the moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, density, crushing strength and calorific value. The result shows that moisture content ranges from 3,36 - 5,56 percent, ash content from 8,06 - 12,78 percent, volatile matter from 23,56 - 41,28 percent, fixed carbon from 45,9 - 68,38 percent, density from 0,6471-0,7985 gr/cm, crushing strength from 0,79 - 6,33 kg/cm and the calorific values ranged from 5243,25 - 6378,84 cal/gr.

PEMBUATAN MINYAK CENDANA DENGAN CARA PENYULINGAN UAP LANGSUNG Erik Dahlian; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 15, No 6 (1998): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1998.15.6.385-394

Penelitian pembuatan minyak cendana dengan menggunakan destilasi uap langsung dibahas dalam tulisan ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menemukan kondisi optimum perlakuan bahan baku dan lama penyulingan untuk menghasilkan rendemen minyak yang tertinggi dan kualitasya yang baik.Perlakuan terhadap ukuran partikel kayu yang digunakan ada 3 macam masing-masing lolos saringan 40 mesh, tertahan saringan 40 mesh dan campuran partikel kayu dari 50 persen lolos 40 mesh dan 50 persen tertahan 40 mesh. Proses destilasi untuk setiap perlakuan dilakukan selama 25 jam di dalam alat gelas yang berkapasitas 500 gr contoh dalam bentuk serbuk.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, perlakuan ukuran partikel dan lama penyulingan memberikan pengaruh terhadap rendemen minyak. Rendemen minyak tertinggi adalah 2,25 persen diperoleh dari hasil penyulingan selama 21 jam terhadap campuran 50 persen partikel kayu berukuran lolos saringan 40 mesh dan 50 persen tertahan saringan 40 mesh. Besarnya rendemen tersebut setara dengan rendemen minyak cendana yang diproduksi dari pabrik minyak cendana di Kupang yaitu berkisar 2-3 persen.Analisis fisiko-kimia minyak cendana menunjukkan hasil sebagai berikut : kadar total santalol sebesar 93,32 persen, berat jenis 0,9729, indek bias 1,5006, bilangan asam 4,94, bilangan ester 6,35, bilangan ester setelah asetilasi 201,9 dan nilai tersebut semuanya memenuhi syarat SNI.Kandungan santalol minyak cendana dari hasil percobaan (93,32 persen) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih tinggi daripada persyaratan SNI (minimal 90 persen). Kendatipun demikian sifat lain seperti putaran optik (-11°} dan kelarutan dalam alkohol 70 persen, (1 : 6) masih belum sesuai dengan spesifikasi SNI yang menyatakan untuk putaran optik (-15°) - (-20°) dan kelarutan dalam alkohol 70 persen, 1 : 5.

AKTIVASI KEMBALI LIMBAH ARANG AKTIY DARI PABRIK GULA KETELA POHON Gustan Pari; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 1 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.1.36 - 39.

A re-activation study of activated charcoal residue from glucose factory has been undertaken at the FPRDC in Bogor, and the result presented in this paper. The residue was subjected to three different treatments, namely unwashed, and washed with respectively 1 % HCl solution and water. Following the treatment, each residue material was then heated in an el.ectric retort, using four different temperatures : 600, 700, 800, and 900°C for 25 minutes. The response evaluated of activated charcoal are the yield, benzene and iodine adsorption. Bleaching test of sugar was then conducted, and the result compared with that obtained using commercial activated carbon.The result shows that heating temperature of 700, 800, and 900°C gives iodine adsorption value, will above 500 mg/g activated carbon. The benzene adsorption value on the other hand is below 39 percent. The bleaching ability of reactivated charcoal on sugar is similar to that of commercial activated carbon.

PEMBUATAN GAS BIO DARI BEBERAPA MACAM LIMBAH BIOMASSA PADAT DENGAN CARA "BATCH CULTURE" Gusmailina Gusmailina; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 6 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

A laboratory experiment on biogas generation using solid waste in a batch culture under Thermophillic condition was conducted at the Forest Products Research and Development Centre, Bogor.The solid waste used in the experiment were rice straw, water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes Mart. Solms) and rubber wood (Hevea braziliensis) sawdust.Fermentation condition for biogas production was kept constant under temperature of 53°C for 8 days. Inoculumn used for fermentation was residue from the experiment of organic municipal solid waste fermentation.The raw material used in this experiment consisted of mixture of 73 gram rice straw and 27 gram water, 70 gram rice straw and 30 gram water hyacinth, 38 gram rubber wood sawdust and 62 gram water, 36,25 gram rubber wood sawdust and 63,75 water hyacinth. To each mixture was added 900 gram of starter with dry matter content 28%. Each substrate sample was then placed in a 1,5 littre digester.The result of the experiment indicates that the highest production of biogas and methane were produced from rice straw substrate (0,43 littre of biogas and 0,21 littre of methane per gram of straw respectively), and the efficiency of biogas produced was 75%.The total calorific value of biogas produced was lower than that obtained from direct burning of rice straw. Although the calorific value of biogas is relatively low, its burning quality is better compared with direct burning. Besides that, the residue from fermentation process could be utilized as organic fertilizer and mushroom media.

PENGARUH LAMA PEMASAKAN BIJI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA MINYAK KEMIRI Erra Yusnita; B Wiyono; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 19, No 1 (2001): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Kemiri (Aleuritus mollucana Willd) plants are widely distributed in the tropical and sub tropical regions. Meanwhile, kemiri plant grows vastly almost anywhere in Indonesia. Kemiri nut meg can be used not only as food-seasoning, ingredients but also as a traditional medicine. The kernel portion of kemiri nut has high nutrition and energy (calorific) values, and so does its oil. The nut, is the meat part after removing the kemiri thell, could is further produced oil after having undergone certains extractions process.Kemiri nut oil has such specific characteristics that being easily dried under open air. Therefore, this oil can be used as volatilizing agent in the manufactures of paint and varnish.In addition, the properties of kemiri nut oil are affected by its extraction methods and quality of its raw material (kemiri nut). In this regard, the study is conducted to learn the effect of cooking duration on the yield and physico-chemical propertiesof the resulting oil. The aim of this study is to find out the optimal cooking duration capable of producing oil with satisfactory qualities.The results reveal that increase in the cooking duration are affected significantly the yield, specific gravity, light transmittion, free fatty acid (FFA) content, and iod number of the oil. Cooking duration for 30 minutes turned out to give optimum condition with respect to oil properties, i.e. yield at 49,94%, iod number = 158.657; FFA = 1.1399; specific gravity = 0.9211, and transmittion = 70.43.Keywords : yield, physico-chemical properties, cooking duration.

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