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PROSPEK AGROINDUSTRI SAGU DI SUMATERA BARAT KHUSUSNYA DI KEPULAUAN MEBNTAWAI Gusmailina Gusmailina
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 6 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1992.10.6.222-226

The potential of sago forest in Menlawai lslands has not yet been optimally exploited either as raw materia for industry and as food sources. This article is based on survey carried out in Mentawai islands, Wert Sumatera, on June 1991.40 % of Mentawm lsland are swamps and peals which the only possible exploitation of the area is through sago cultivation, that will produce sago as raw material for agroindustry.sago is abundantly avaiqble in the Mentawai Islands. Since man power and market, are no longer a problem, it is expected that sago industry would have a good prospect in the future.The lslands could pioneer the improvement of sago processing from traditional method to a relatively modern way. Hence, indirectly it would speed up the rate of economic development in the area.

PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI BIOMASSA HUTAN Sri Komarayati; Djeni Hendra; Gusmailina Gusmailina
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 16, No 2 (1998): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1998.16.2.61-68

Penelitian pemanfaatan biomassa hutan untuk pembuatan arang aktif skala laboratorium dilaporkan dalam tulisan ini. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan informasi sifat-sifat arang (suatu produk yang diperoleh sebelum proses aktivasi) dan mutu arang aktif.Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah kayu manii (Maesopsis eminii), bambu mayan(Gigantochloa robusta) dan tempurung biji kemiri (Aleuritas moluccana). Masing-masing dari 61bahan baku tersebut mula-mula dikarbonisasi menjadi arang, selanjutnya direndam dalam larutan K2CO3 yang terdiri dari tiga macam konsentrasi (5 %. 10 %, 20 %). dan dalam larutanH3PO4 yang berkonsentrasi 20 %. Arang tersebut diaktivasi dalam retort baja tahan karat Menggunakan uap panas bersuhu maksimum 750°< •. 800°< •. 900°('. Selama 60 menit, 90 menit dan 120 menitHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya arang aktif dari kayu manii,dengan semua perlakuan yang diterapkan (bahan kimia perendaman dengan berbagai konsentrasi dan suhu aktivasi di relort) memiliki kemampuan menyerap iodium lebih dari 750 mg g. yang ternyata memenuhi persyaratan standar Industri Indonesia ( SII)Untuk arang aktif bamboo mayan asal Darmaga yang diberi perlakuan dalam larutan K2CO3 dengan konsenstrasi 5 %,10 % dan 20 % menggunakan sulut aktivasi 750 o C selama 120 menit menunjukkan bahwa semua hasil tidak memenuhi persyaratan SII.Sementara itu.arang aktif bambu mayan asal pasir awi menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan menghasilkan kemampuan menyerap iodium yang memenuhi persyaratan SII.Selanjutnya arang aktif dari tempurung biji kemiri yang direndam dalam larutan K2CO3 10 % pada suhu 750 mg/g sedangkan arang aktif dari kayu manii yang direndam dalam larutan H3PO4 20 % memiliki kemampuan menyerap iodium lebih besar dari 1000 mg g Rendemen arang aktif tertinggi berturut-turut adalah 66,33 % dari tempurung biji kemiri , 64,00 % dari bambu mayan asal Pasir Awi,58,00 % dari bambu mayan asal Darmaga dan 49,66 % dari kayu manii.Atas dasar hasil perkalian nilai rendemen karang aktif dan daya serap iodium,arang aktif dari bambu mayan asal Darmaga yang direndam dalam larutan 113PO4 20 % pada suhu aktivasi 800 o C selama 90 menit menghasilkan daya serap iodium tertinggi.

PEMBUATAN ARANG DAN BRIKET ARANG DARI KA YU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii Ness ex. BL) DAN KAYU .SUKUN Sri Komarayati; Gusmailina Gusmailina
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 6 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1994.12.6.225-228

The aim of this experiment is to find the properties of cassiavera and, breadfruit charcoal and charcoal briquette.The kiln used was the typical size of 200 liter oil drum with specie L design incorporating 12 holes of 13 mm in diameter at different elevations. The kiln also had a short chimney of 30 cm high at the top with 10 cm in diameter. The result showed that charcoal yield were 24.74 % for cassiavera and 23.01 % for breadfruit. Volatile matter was 18.61 %, fixed carbon was 78.31 % and calorific value was 7035.03 cal/g for cassiavera charcoal and volatile matter was 14.27 %, fixed carbon was 73.10 % and calorific value was 6320.12 cal/g for breadfruit charcoalThe moisture content of charcoal briquette ranges from 8.41 to 5. 92 % ash content from 4. 65 to 5. 03 % , volatile matter from 28.87 to 29.48 %, fixed carbon from 65.87 to 66.10 %, density from O.11 to 0.64 g/cm3, compressing strength from 275 to 450 kg/cm2 and the calorific value from 5684. 59 to 6792.58 cal/g.Based on the physical and chemical properties, cassia-vera and breadfruit charcoal briquette can be used as sources of energy.

ANALISIS KIMIA SEPULUH JENIS BAMBU DARI JAWA TIMUR Gusmailina Gusmailina; Suwardi Sumadiwangsa
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 5 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1988.5.5.290-293

Chemical analyses of ten bamboo species from East Java has been conducted. The analyses comprised of the determination of cellulose, lignin, pentosan, ash, extractives and the solubility in one percent of sodium hydroxide. These analyses were commonly conducted to determine basic characteristics and ultimate uses of wood.The analyses showed that the cellulose content ranges from 42.4 - 53.6 percent, lignin from 19.8 - 26.6 percent, and pentosan 17.5 - 21.5 percent. The ash and silica content varies from 1.24 - 3.77 percent and from 0.10 - 1.78 percent, respectively: The solubility in cold water ranges from 4.5 - 9.9 percent, in hot water from 5.3 - 11.8 percent, in alcohol benzene ( 1 :2) from 0.9 - 6.9 percent, and in one percent sodium hydroxide solution from 22.2 - 29.8 percent.Based on chemical analyses, especially the cellulose content, the bamboos from East Java appeared to be a good material for pulp and paper industry.

APLIKASI ARANG KULIT KAYU SEBAGAI CAMPURAN MEDIA TUMBUH ANAKAN Eucalyptus urophylla dan Acacia mangium Gusmailina Gusmailina; Gustan Pari; Sri Komarayati
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 5 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2002.20.5.333-351

One of the alternatives that can be used to develop and have significant prospect to improve the critical or degraded land is through the use or application of charcoal. Charcoal can be used as one ingredient in the media to enhance the growth of plants. particularly still at seedling stage and at the field preparation as well. The application of charcoal sould when they are increase soil pH and improve water and air circulation in the soil, there by stimulating the growth of root and the plants.This report deals with research results of applying two kinds of wood-bark charcoal, i.e. bark charcoal from tusam (Pinus merkusii) and mangium (Acacia mangium), on the media for the growth of Eucalyptus urophylla and Acacia mangium seedlings up to 4,5-month period, respectively. The main objective of this research trial was to assess the effect of applying wood-bark charcoal on the growth of the seedlings. The two kinds of wood-bark charcoal were added at varying concentrations, i.e. 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50 percent, and 0% as control.The research revealed that the use of both kinds of wood-bark charcoal at 10-30 percent turned out to he the most optimal or suitable for the growth of the two seedlings. For height growth of Acacia mangium seedlings, the best effect was at the application of 10 percent tusam's wood-bark charcoal, where the height increase in the Acacia mangium seedling reached 13.01 percent. i.e.1.9 times greater than the height growth of the control. About the increase in the diameter of the seedling, the best effect was at 10 percent and 20 percent of either tusam's or mangium's wood-bark charcoal. Such diameter increase were almost similar i.e. 0.45 cm and 0.42 cm for tusam's and mangium's wood-bark charcoals, consecutively.For the height growth of Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings, the best effect was at the application 20 percent of tusam's wood-bark charcoal and 30 percent of mangium's wood bark charcoal. The height increases were at 20 percent tusam's wood-bark charcoal and 30 percent mangium's wood-bark charcoal, i.e. consecutively 1.38 and 1.35 times greater than that of the control. Similar phenomena as occurred to in the height increase in Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings also found in the diameter increases of the corresponding seedlings. In this situation, the height increclse was 0.56 cm. The use of tusam's wood-bark charcoal at JO percent offered the best effect on the growth development ofE. urophylla and A. mangium seedlings, i.e. 0.913 grams and 0.496 grams, respectively.

ANALISIS KIMIA BATANG AREN (ARENGA PINNATA MERR) DARI JASINGA, BOGOR Gusmailina Gusmailina; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 6 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.6.353-359

Chemical analyses of Aren stem (Arenga pinnata Merr) from Jasinga, Bogor has been conducted at the Forest Products Research and Development Centre laboratory in Bogor. The analyses comprised of the determination of cellulose, lignin, pentosan, ash and silica, calorific value, extractioes and the solubility in sodium hydroxide. These analyses were commonly conducted to determine basic characteristics and ultimate uses of wood.The average of the cellulose, lignin, pentosan, ash and silica, extractives content, solubility in sodium hydroxide and calorific value of the peripheral portion were consecutively as follow: 25,02%, 33,7%, 19,55%, 1,4 and 0,51%,6,65 % (in cold water), 10,06 % (in hot water), 3,86 % (in alcohol-benzene), 35,51 % in sodium hydroxide and 4406 kal/g. While for the central portion, the above analyses showed averages as follow : 44,82 %, 36,8 %, 16,57 %, 4,18 % and 1,32 %, 22,88 % (in cold water), 32, 74 % (in hot water), 4,82 % (in alcohol-benzene), 59,80 % in sodium hydroxide and 4035 kal/g. The extractive content of Aren stem ranked high in the characteristics and ultimate uses of wood classification.Based on chemical analyses, such as the cellulose content, lignin, peniosan and extractive content, the Aren stem from Jasinga, Bogor, appeared to be a poor materipl for pulp and paper industry.

PEMBUATAN ARANG AKTIF DARI SERBUK GERGAJIAN KAYU JATI Sri Komarayati; Gusmailina Gusmailina; Djeni Hendra
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 15, No 2 (1997): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1997.15.2.94-100

Penelitian pembuatan arang akiif dari serbuk gergajian kayu jati disajikan pada laporan ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan limbah serbuk gergajian menjadi produk yang lebih komersial, juga mempelajari sifat arang aktif dari serbuk gergajian.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa rendemen arang aktif beragam antara 10,00 % -35,66 % ; kadar air 11 ,93 % - 20,60 % ; kadar abu 7,72 % - 48,84 % ; zat mudah menguap 7,83 % - 7,91 % ; karbon terikat 39,16 % - 73,35 % ; daya serap terhadap iodium 385,10 -994, 10 mg/g dan daya serap terhadap benzena 15,09 % - 40,71 %.Ada beberapa sifat arang aktif yang memenuhi Standar Indonesia dan Standar AWWA terutama untuk kadar air, zat mudah menguap, daya serap terhadap iodium dan benzena. Kualitas air sumur setelah diberi perlakuan arang aktif memperlihatkan kisaran untuk Fe 0,10 - 0,27 mg/l ; Ca 9,59 - 10,58 mg/I; Na 9,61 - 17,09 mg/I; Cl 22,18 - 23,71 mg/l; NH4 < 0,02 - 0,39 mg/I; Ni < 0,01 - < 0,02 mg/I dan Mn < 0,01 - 0,02 mg/I. Bila dibandingkan dengan standar, maka air sumur ini untuk semua kadar logam Lelah memenuhi syarat kualitas air minum.

WHITE-ROT FUNGAL PRETREATMENT OF FORESTRY WASTES FOR SOLID STATE METHANE FERMENTATION Gusmailina Gusmailina; Sri Komarayati; B De Wilde; S Vanhille
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 4, No 4 (1987): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana pengaruh pemberian jamur perusak kayu (white-rot fungus) terhadap perombakan ligno-selulosa yang terdapat pada limbah kehutanan untuk digunakan sebagai substrat pada fermentasi metan secara padat. Limbah kehutanan yang digunakan adalah serbuk gergaji kayu karet (Hevea brasiliensis) dan pinus (Pinus merkusii) serta daun kayu putih (Melaleuca leucodendron) sisa penyulingan. Jamur yang digunakan adalah Schizophyllum commune Fr. dengan lama waktu inokulasi sampai 5 minggu dan kemudian baru difermentasi.Karet merupakan substrat yang miskin untuk dapat menghasilkan metan. Produksi gas tidak meningkat secara nyata. Pinus sangat sukar dirombak, sedangkan pada limbah daun kayu putih terdapat inhibitor yang menjadi penghalang sewaktu proses berlangsung, namun inhibitor ini agak menjadi lunak untuk difermentasi setelah diberi pra-perlakuan terlebih dahulu dengan jamur perusak kayu.Pada masing-masing substrat terdapat hubungan spesiflk antara berat kering yang hilang selama berlangsungnya aktifltas jamur dengan perubahan produksi metan. Perubahan efisiensi metan berkisar antara 10%-25%. Praktisnva penerapan untuk "biogas generasi" masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk memperoleh produksi secara maksimal. Namun demikian untuk limbah ligno-selulosa lainnya seperti jerami pra-perlakuan ini sangat baik untuk dikembangkan.

PEMBUATAN GULA DAN ALKOHOL DARI BEBERAPA JENIS KAYU Gusmailina Gusmailina; Hartoyo Hartoyo
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 5 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This article describes the experiment of sugar and alcohol contents from 3 wood species, i.e. jelutung (Dyera costulata, Hook. F), keruing (Dipterocarpus appendiculatus, Sheff) and durian (Durio excelsus, Bakb) by using hydrolysis and fermentation process. Treatment condition for hydrolysis were at 3 levels of sulfuric acid concentration which were 1%, 2%, and 3% respectively. The fermentation methods agent for producing alcohol from sugar of wood hydrolysis was the yeast of bread containing Saccharomyces cereviceae.The result of this experiment indicated that the yield of sugar ranges from 9.71 % - 11.89% with average of 1,06%. This average yield of sugar falls in the range of the sugar yield obtained from other researches which have range from 11-18%. The average alcohol yield obtained from sugar fermentation was 2.62%. This yield was lower compared with other experiment producing alcohol from wood abroad, i.e. 8 - 15%. The result showed that the yield of sugar is not affected by the wood species and low concentration of sulfuric acid treatment.

BIODEGRADASI KOMPONEN KIMIA PADA LIMBAH LIGNOSELU- LOSA OLEH JAMUR PERUSAK KAYU (Biodegradation of wood chemical components in lignocellulosic wastes by whiterot fungi) Sri Komarayati; TjuTju Nurhayati; Gusmailina Gusmailina
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 2 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

This paper reports the result of an experiment on the treatment of different forestry wastes, i.e., the sawdust of Hevea brasiliensis Pinus merkusii, Paraserianthes falcataria and the leaves of melaleuca leucodendron with Schizophyllum commune Fr for 7 weeks.The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of white-rot fungi inoculation to the decrease of chemical components like cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose.the results reveal that after treating for 7 weeks, sengon sawdust still has a very .high cellullose content of 22.55% in rubber tree sawdust, lignin and hemicellulose contents are 32.66% and 47.39%, respectively.After decreasing chemical components. Lignocellulose waste could be fermented by solid state fermentation for biogas.

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