Articles
<![CDATA[Heterogeneous Catalytic Conversion of Citronellal into Isopulegol and Menthol: Literature Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Amri Yahya]]>;
<![CDATA[Dwiarso Rubiyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Is Fatimah]]>
<![CDATA[ Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021): July ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26554/sti.2021.6.3.166-180
<![CDATA[The conversion of citronellal into isopulegol is a key route in the production of a number of important chemicals. In the perspective of green conversion, the use of a heterogeneous catalyst is superior due to its ease in separation and reusability, so it facilitates a highly economical conversion. In this review, we examine the use of some transition metals in cyclization reactions, which are suitable for citronellal conversion into isopulegol, and consider the potential progress in clay-based catalysts. The structure of clay which potentially provides the porosity by modification and supporting active metal is proposed to be the low-cost catalyst for the conversion. As other mechanism by porous materials-supported metal, the porosity of clay support contributes to conduct thesurface adsorption mechanism and the Broensted acid supply, meanwhile the metal acts as active site for cyclization, and in the one-pot conversion into menthol, as both cyclization and hydrogenation.]]>
<![CDATA[Biogenic Silica Extracted from Salacca Leaves Ash for The Adsorption of Salycilic Acid ]]>
<![CDATA[Is Fatimah]]>;
<![CDATA[Faiha Ulfiyani Zaenuri]]>;
<![CDATA[Lolita Narulita Doewandono]]>;
<![CDATA[Amri Yahya]]>;
<![CDATA[Putwi Widya Citradewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Suresh Sagadevan]]>;
<![CDATA[Won-Chun Oh]]>
<![CDATA[ Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 4 (2021): October ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya ]]>
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DOI: 10.26554/sti.2021.6.4.296-302
<![CDATA[Extraction of biogenic silica from Salacca leaves ash and it’s utilization as adsorbent for salycilic acid has been successfully conducted. The caustic extraction by Refluxing the ash in NaOH followed by slow titration using acid produced the silica gel, and in order to evaluate the physicochemical character for adsorption purpose, the sintering of the dried gel was varied at 300, 400 and 500oC. Instrumental analysis of x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, gas sorption analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed. The kinetics of the salycilic acid adsorption was investigated in a batch adsorption system and the quantitative analysis was based on UV–Vis spectrometry. The results showed that the produced silica exhibited adsorption capability for salycilic acid in an aqueous solution. At varied sintering temperature, the highest adsorption capacity and affinity was achieved by temperature of 500oC, and the adsorption kinetics obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. The varied pH for adsorption suggested neutral pH is the most feasible compared to the acidic and basic conditions.]]>
<![CDATA[Preparation of TiO2-SiO2 using Rice Husk Ash as Silica Source and The Kinetics Study as Photocatalyst in Methyl Violet Decolorization ]]>
<![CDATA[Is Fatimah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Said]]>;
<![CDATA[Uun Ayil Hasanah]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2015: BCREC Volume 10 Issue 1 Year 2015 (April 2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.10.1.7218.43-49
<![CDATA[Preparation, characterization and utilization of TiO2-SiO2 as photocatalyst for methyl violet (MV) decolorization has been conducted. In this research, preparation of TiO2-SiO2 was developed based on natural renewable silica source; rice husk ash (RHA) via a sol-gel technique. The composite was formed by the dispersing of titanium isopropoxide as titania precursor into the gel of silica followed by aging, drying and calcination. The TiO2-SiO2 sample was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance-UV Visible spectrophotometric analysis (DRUV-Vis), gas sorption analyzer and Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) before its utilization as photocatalyst in methyl violet photooxidation. As comparison to the physicochemical character study, the synthesis of TiO2-SiO2 by using tetraethyl ortosilicate (TEOS) was performed as a confirmation. Result showed that prepared TiO2-SiO2 has the character similar to TiO2-SiO2 as synthesized by TEOS precursor. The formation of crystalline titania in anatase and rutile phase was identified with increasing surface porosity data and the value of band gap energy which sufficiently contribute to a photocatalytic mechanism. The character data are in line with the kinetic data of methyl violet decolorization. From the compared photooxidation, photolysis, photocatalysis and adsorption process, it can be concluded that TiO2-SiO2 acts efficiently as a photocatalyst. © 2015 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]]>
<![CDATA[Reusable Catalyst of KF/Mg-Al Layered Double for Biodiesel Conversion and Optimization using Bohn-Behnken Design ]]>
<![CDATA[Totok Eka Suharto]]>;
<![CDATA[Fethi Kooli]]>;
<![CDATA[Sheikh Ahmad Izaddin Sheikh Mohd Ghazali]]>;
<![CDATA[Is Fatimah]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 3 Year 2022 (September 2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.3.14485.497-507
<![CDATA[This work aimed to synthesize a reusable catalyst of KF/Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (KF/LDH) for a microwave-assisted biodiesel conversion from rice bran oil (RBO). The LDH was synthesized by co-precipitation method of Mg and Al precursors with additional surfactant of cetyl trimethyl ammonium followed by hydrothermal method, for furthermore, an impregnation procedure was applied to combine KF with LDH by using impregnation method. Instrumental analysis of materials was performed by XRD, gas sorption analysis, SEM-EDX, TEM and XPS method. Effect of KF loading onto LDH on the specific surface area and solid basicity was also studied. From the characterization by XRD, it can be concluded that the impregnation increased specific surface area of LDH without any structural destruction, which was also confirmed by the lattice fringe comparison by HRTEM analysis and surface analysis by XPS. The specific surface area enhancement is in line with the increasing solid basicity which directly enhanced the catalytic conversion of RBO into biodiesel. Statistical optimization of the use of KF/LDH was conducted by response surface methodology of Box-Behnken Design for the range of 2–4 g/100 mL of catalyst dose, 3–8 of the methanol to oil ratio, and 10–30 min of reaction time. It was revealed that all factors are significantly affect the yield. The KF/LDH catalyst is also reusable as it does not loss the activity until 5th cycles. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). ]]>
<![CDATA[Physicochemical and Photocatalytic Properties of Fe-Pillared Bentonite at Various Fe Content ]]>
<![CDATA[Is Fatimah]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuyun Yunani Nurkholifah]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 3 Year 2016 (December 2016) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.11.3.456.398-405
<![CDATA[Iron-pillared bentonites (Fe/Bents) were successfully prepared using a ferric chloride precursor. The prepared samples were characterized using XRD, BET and SEM-EDX. The results show that the pillared bentonite physicochemical character is affected by the iron content in a precursor solution. By Fe content variation it is found that Fe content in Fe/Bents is not linearly correlated with the specific surface area and the increased in d001 in which both the maximum specific surface are and d001 reach maximum at the Fe content of 20 mmol/g. Due to the kinetics of photocatalytic activity in phenol removal, it is concluded that in photo-Fenton-like processes.]]>
<![CDATA[Hydrothermal Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of NiO Nanoparticles under Visible Light Illumination ]]>
<![CDATA[J. Anita Lett]]>;
<![CDATA[Suresh Sagadevan]]>;
<![CDATA[Getu Kassegn Weldegebrieal]]>;
<![CDATA[Is Fatimah]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 2 Year 2022 (June 2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.2.13680.340-349
<![CDATA[In this present study, Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized using the hydrothermal method and characterized using powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-vis and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) methods. The result of the characterization indicates that the synthesized sample has a pure cubic phase of NiO with roughly spherical shape morphologies and respective estimated crystallinity and microstrain values of about 78% and 5.1. Test of the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized sample towards the model contaminant dye methylene blue (MB) shows a degradation efficiency of 46% in a period of 2 h under nature sunlight irradiation at natural pH and that the reaction could satisfactorily describe both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. So, this synthesis method may potentially be used for the effective elimination of toxic organic pollutants from water and wastewater over prolonged exposure under natural sunlight without adding any oxidant or adjusting the pH of the reaction medium. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). ]]>
<![CDATA[Role of EDAPTMS-Functionalized Silica Derived from Rice Husk Ash in the Adsorption Kinetics of Cu(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II) ]]>
<![CDATA[Is Fatimah]]>;
<![CDATA[Tesha Yuliarni]]>;
<![CDATA[Dian Riyanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2018: BCREC Volume 13 Issue 2 Year 2018 (August 2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1587.331-340
<![CDATA[In the present work, synthesis of (3-ethylene diamino propyl)-trimethoxysilane (EDAPTMS)-functionalized silica prepared from rice husk ash (RHA) and its adsorptivity of Cu(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II) in an aqueous solution was investigated. The EDAPTMS-functionalized silica was prepared by destruction of RHA with 4 M NaOH solution followed by functionalization by using the sol-gel method. The interaction was engaged by mixing EDAPTMS with silica gel in an acid condition followed by aging. The gel obtained from the procedure was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a surface area analyzer (SAA). Effect of EDAPTMS content on the material character and adsorption capability are the focuses of the study. The adsorption study was conducted in a batch adsorption system for Cu(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II) mixed solution and metal ion analyses were performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that enhancement of physicochemical character was obtained after modification Based on the quantitative analysis of each metal, the kinetics of adsorption of a single solution of each ion and mixed solutions were studied. as shown by the increasing specific surface area as well as the increasing adsorption rate of the metal ions along increasing EDAPTMS content. Langmuir and Freundlich models were utilized for the kinetic study. Adsorption selectivity and adsorption kinetics were found to be strongly influenced by ionic coordination bonding with metal ions. The interpretation of the kinetic models showed the fitness of the Freundlich model for all metal ions. ]]>
<![CDATA[ZnO-Porous Clay Heterostructure from Saponite as Green Catalyst for Citronellal Cyclization ]]>
<![CDATA[Dwiarso Rubiyanto]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurcahyo Iman Prakoso]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Sahroni]]>;
<![CDATA[Rico Nurillahi]]>;
<![CDATA[Is Fatimah]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2020 (April 2020) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5800.137-145
<![CDATA[Green conversion in organic synthesis is one of the interesting and important topics in green chemistry. The use of heterogeneous catalysis instead of homogeneous catalysis offers some advantages, such as easy separation and reusability. In this research, a heterogeneous acid catalyst was prepared from saponite by immobilizing ZnO in the form of a pillared clay (Zn/PILS) and Zn supported on porous clay heterostructure (Zn/PCH). Physicochemical studies involving X-ray diffraction measurement, surface analysis using a gas sorption analyzer, and surface acidity measurement were performed. Results indicated that the increasing surface acidity and the high specific surface area of the material were the relevant physicochemical properties that facilitate environment-friendly citronellal cyclization. The higher values for both parameters in Zn/PCH than in Zn/PILS linearly affected citronellal conversion and the selectivity for isopulegol production. Zn/PCH demonstrated a conversion rate of 98.9% for a 3-hour reaction and a selectivity of 100% for isopulegol production, and it exhibited reusability properties. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). ]]>
<![CDATA[Nickel/Biochar from Palm Leaves Waste as Selective Catalyst for Producing Green Diesel by Hydrodeoxygenation of Vegetable Oil ]]>
<![CDATA[Galih Dwiki Ramanda]]>;
<![CDATA[Allwar Allwar]]>;
<![CDATA[Muchammad Tamyiz]]>;
<![CDATA[Is Fatimah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ruey-an Doong]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2023: BCREC Volume 18 Issue 1 Year 2023 (April 2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16403
<![CDATA[The objective of this research was to prepare low-cost catalyst for green diesel conversion from vegetable oil. The catalyst of nickel-dispersed biochar (Ni/BC) was prepared by direct pyrolysis of nickel precursor with palm leaves waste under N2 stream at 500 °C. The obtained catalyst was examined by using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray, transmission electron microscopy, gas sorption analysis, FTIR and surface acidity examination. The catalytic activity testing was performed on rice bran oil hydrodeoxygenation at varied temperature and time of reaction. Based on analyses, the results showed the successful preparation of Ni/BC with the characteristic of single nickel nanoparticles decorated on surface. The increasing specific surface area of material was conclusively remarked the surface area enhancement by nickel dispersion along with the increased surface acidity, suggesting that the material can be applied for acid catalysis applications. The Ni/BC exhibited excellent catalytic conversion of rice bran oil with the high selectivity toward diesel fraction with 85.3% yield and 92.6% selectivity. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). ]]>
<![CDATA[Photocatalytic Efficiency of Titanium Dioxide for Dyes and Heavy Metals Removal from Wastewater ]]>
<![CDATA[Suresh Sagadevan]]>;
<![CDATA[Is Fatimah]]>;
<![CDATA[Titus Chinedu Egbosiuba]]>;
<![CDATA[Solhe F. Alshahateet]]>;
<![CDATA[J. Anita Lett]]>;
<![CDATA[Getu Kassegn Weldegebrieal]]>;
<![CDATA[Minh-Vien Le]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohd Rafie Johan]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2022: BCREC Volume 17 Issue 2 Year 2022 (June 2022) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.2.13948.430-450
<![CDATA[The hazardous toxicity of dye materials, even in low concentrations, harms ecological systems. It releases a large number of contaminants into the water, resulting as waste water. Dyes prevent the process of photosynthesis by obstructing light passage, lowers the oxygen levels dissolved in the water. Also, a good number of the dyes and heavy metals are carcinogenic and mutagenic to human beings. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising technology for removing organic, inorganic, and microbial pollutants from water and wastewater. It is preferable to other conventional wastewater treatment approaches due to its benefit, such as low cost, environmental friendliness, ability to proceed at ambient temperature and pressure conditions, and to completely degrade pollutants into environmentally safe products with suitable measures. The titanium oxide (TiO2) is one of the most promising material that has gained enormous importance in the field of energy and environmental applications. The unique physicochemical properties of TiO2 make it one of the best candidates among existing photocatalysts. This review provides an overview of strategies employed to augment its catalytic performance as well as the impact of different operational parameters on the removal proficiency of various organic and inorganic pollutants in water and wastewater treatment. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).]]>
