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All Journal CHEMICA Jurnal Teknik Kimia Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Warta IHP (Warta Industri Hasil Pertanian) Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN
Umar Santoso
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Social Sciences

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Ekstrak Daun Pisang Klutuk (Musa balbisiana Colla) sebagai Bahan Tambahan pada Pembuatan Kemasan Aktif berbasis Methyl Cellulose Safinta Nurindra Rahmadhia; Umar Santoso; Supriyadi Supriyadi
CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia Vol 6, No 1 (2019): Juni 2019
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/chemica.v6i1.13724

Abstract

The packaging is important in our life. Banana leaf is one of the traditional packaging materials that is widely used because it has wide leaves and is not easily torn. However, traditional packaging has been abandoned by many people, so active packaging needs to be developed that has an advantage of modern and traditional packaging. In this study the active packaging was made based on methylcellulose (MC) which is added by klutuk banana leaf extract (EDPK) and glutaraldehyde (GA). EDPK studied its antioxidant properties and the active packaging was studied for its physical properties. Klutuk banana leaves dried using a cabinet dryer then mashed up and extracted by maceration method using 80% methanol and concentrated with a rotary vacuum evaporator. Then the extract was analyzed for its antioxidant properties. The active packaging/film prepared by casting with the addition of EDPK as an antioxidant and (GA) as a crosslinker agent. EDPK has antioxidant activity 33,17 ± 0,84 %RSA, total phenolic 76,58 ± 7,95 mg GAE/g EDPK and total flavonoids 29.52 ± 4.01 mg QE/g EDPK. The thickness of EDPK films ranged from 0,062-0,080 mm. The FTIR spectrum of EDPK films shows a relatively similar profile in all film formulations.
Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia Kelobot Jagung (Zea mays) sebagai Bahan Pengemas Agatha Intan Wihenti; Supriyadi Supriyadi; Umar Santoso
Warta Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 38, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Balai Besar Industri Agro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32765/wartaihp.v38i1.6416

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik fisik dan kimia kelobot sebagai bahan pengemas. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kelobot jagung hibrida Pertiwi 3. Kelobot dikeringkan menggunakan metode shade drying. Kemudian dilakukan evaluasi karakteristik fisik dan kimia terhadap kelobot segar dan kering, meliputi warna, kuat tarik, mikrostruktur sel, total fenolik, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelobot segar memiliki warna hijau cerah, setelah dikeringkan warna hijau berkurang dan menjadi kekuningan. Kelobot segar hasil pengujian dengan SEM memiliki penampang tidak teratur, permukaan tidak seragam, dan mikrofibril pendek, setelah dikeringkan penampang menjadi lebih teratur, permukaan seragam, dan terdapat sejumlah mikrofibil panjang pada permukaan. Nilai kuat tarik kelobot meningkat setelah dikeringkan. Pada analisis senyawa bioaktif, ekstrak kasar metanol dilakukan fraksinasi dengan pelarut heksana, etil asetat, dan butanol. Total fenolik tertinggi terdapat pada fraksi etil asetat ekstrak kelobot segar 5,45 mg GAE/g dan ekstrak kelobot kering 4,46 mg GAE/g. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada fraksi etil asetat ekstrak kelobot segar 58,83% RSA dan ekstrak kelobot kering 56,96% RSA.
KAJIAN KUALITAS DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN BERBAGAI FORMULA MINUMAN JAMU KUNYIT ASAM Nur Arifah Qurota A’yunin; Umar Santoso; Eni Harmayani
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas Vol 23, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (669.251 KB) | DOI: 10.25077/jtpa.23.1.37-48.2019

Abstract

Minuman jamu kunyit asam adalah minuman herbal khas Indonesia yang terbuat dari rimpang kunyit, buah asam jawa, gula kelapa, air dengan atau tanpa penambahan sari jeruk nipis dan ekstrak daun sirih. Proses produksi dilakukan secara tradisional dan banyak dilakukan oleh industri rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan kualitas mikrobiologis dari variasi waktu perebusan dan formula minuman jamu kunyit asam. Waktu perebusan terdiri atas 2,5 dan 7,5 menit serta variasi formula yaitu minuman jamu kunyit asam (KA), KA dengan penambahan sari jeruk nipis, dan KA dengan penambahan ekstrak daun sirih. Rancangan Penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan. Variabel yang diamati meliputi pH, total padatan terlarut, total fenolik, total flavonoid, total curcumin kasar, aktivitas antioksidan (metode DPPH‘Radical Scavenging Activity dan Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), dan total mikrobia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perebusan 7,5 menit menyebabkan kualitas mikrobiologis dan total flavonoid minuman lebih tinggi dan total curcumin lebih rendah dibandingkan perebusan 2,5 menit. Waktu perebusan tidak berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas antioksidan, total fenolik dan pH. Adanya penambahan sari jeruk nipis pada formula minuman jamu kunyit asam menyebabkan kenaikan total flavonoid. Penambahan ekstrak daun sirih menyebakan total fenolik, aktivitas antioksidan, dan kualitas mikrobiologis minuman jamu kunyit asam sirih lebih tinggi dibandingkan formula minuman lainnya. Secara umum, perlakuan panas dan penambahan ekstrak daun sirih dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan dan kualitas mikrobiologis minuman jamu kunyit asam.
Physical and Chemical Characteristic of Young Coconut Leaves (Cocos nucifera L.) as Traditional Packaging Uswatun Hasanah; Edlina Putri Sukma Dewi; Umar Santoso; Supriyadi Supriyadi
Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress Vol 17, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Food Technologists

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ifnp.46769

Abstract

Traditional food is usually packed with natural packaging materials such as young coconut leaves (janur), but a little scientific information is available related to the packaging material. This study aimed to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of fresh and steamed janur (30 minutes steaming at 100 °C). The physical and chemical properties of janur were expected to be the basis for the development of janur as an environmentally friendly packaging material. The results showed that fresh and steamed janur color was greenish-yellow and brownish-yellow. The fresh and steamed janur had a tensile strength 19.19 MPa and 30.62 MPa; water content 73.54% and 69.57%; and fat content 1.85% and 0.54%, respectively. After steaming, the microstructure of the cells became finer and irregular. The dominant fatty acid in fresh janur and steamed janur was palmitic acid (24.27%), and palmitoleic acid (38.56%), respectively. The treatment of steaming of janur influenced the physical and chemical characteristics of packaging materials.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Teak (Tectona Grandis) Leaves as Food Packaging Material Swastika Dewi; Supriyadi Supriyadi; Umar Santoso
Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress Vol 17, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Food Technologists

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ifnp.46786

Abstract

Teak (Tectona grandis) leaves is commonly used as the packaging material of traditional food in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of teak leaves with various maturation stages to obtain information about the potency of teak leaves as active packaging material. The physical characteristics analysis including leaf color, thickness, and tensile strength, while chemical characteristics were moisture, fat content, fatty acid, and volatile profile. The results showed that the color, thickness, tensile strength, moisture, and fat content, were light green, 0.306±0.024 mm, 0.22±0.114 MPa, 74.93%, and 2.52% respectively for young teak leaves; while the mature has darker green, 0.388±0.001  mm, 0.36±0.163 MPa, 73.05%, and 2.54% respectively. The fatty acid profiles showed that young teak leaves contained 5 types of fatty acids, dominated by lignoceric acid; while mature teak leaves contained 9 types of fatty acids dominated by tricosanoic acid. The volatile components of young teak leaves e.g. acid and ester compounds, while the mature was dominated by acid and ether compounds. From the results, it is suggested that the use of teak leaves as active food packaging material can be scientifically justified.
EFEK PENGOLAHAN KONVENSIONAL PADA KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN ANTI GIZI BIJI PETAI (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) Putri Maharani; Umar Santoso; Yasmin Aulia Rachma; Aprilia Fitriani; Supriyadi Supriyadi
Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (402.789 KB) | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtp.2022.023.02.6

Abstract

            Biji Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) merupakan komoditas kacang-kacangan khas Indonesia dengan kandungan protein yang tinggi. Namun, biji Petai juga dikenal mengandung senyawa antigizi asam fitat, tanin dan tripsin inhibitor yang dapat menurunkan nilai cerna protein. Proses pengolahan konvensional kukus selama 10 menit, rebus selama 8 menit, dan goreng selama 2 menit dilakukan untuk menurunkan senyawa antigizi dan meningkatkan kecernaan protein biji Petai. Biji Petai yang digunakan untuk analisis adalah biji Petai bubuk yang telah dikeringkan menggunakan freeze dryer. Efek proses pengolahan divaluasi senyawa gizi, antigizi, dan nilai cerna protein in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proses pengolahan kukus, rebus, dan goreng terhadap senyawa gizi (kadar air, protein, lemak, abu, dan karbohidrat), antigizi (asam fitat, tanin, serta tripsin inhibitor), dan kecernaan protein in vitro pada Petai. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Satu Faktor, yaitu jenis proses pengolahan. Data diolah dengan One Way ANOVA menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 2.1 dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%, kemudian dilanjutkan uji Duncan apabila terdapat beda nyata. Diperoleh hasil bahwa ketiga proses pengolahan tersebut signifikan menurunkan konsentrasi senyawa antigizi asam fitat, tanin, serta tripsin inhibitor. Proses perebusan merupakan proses pengolahan terbaik yang dapat menurunkan senyawa antigizi asam fitat sebesar 75%, tanin sebesar 49%, dan tripsin inhibitor sebesar 70%. Proses pengolahan kukus dan rebus secara signifikan meningkatkan nilai cerna protein in vitro, yaitu masing-masing sebanyak 0,84% dan 2,55%. Temuan ini dapat dijadikan referensi proses pengolahan bagi konsumen biji Petai di Indonesia untuk mendapatkan manfaat asupan protein dari biji Petai dengan maksimal.                                              Petai seeds (Parkia speciosa Hassk) are a typical Indonesian legume commodity with high protein content. However, Petai seeds are also known to contain anti-nutritional compounds phytic acid, tannins, and trypsin inhibitors that can reduce protein digestibility. The conventional processing process was steamed for 10 min, boiled for 8 min, and fried for 2 min to reduce antioxidant compounds and increase the protein digestibility of Petai seeds. Petai seeds used for analysis are powdered Petai seeds that have been dried using a freeze dryer. The effects of the processing were evaluated for nutritional compounds, antinutrients, and protein digestibility values ​​in vitro. This study aims to determine the effect of steamed, boiled, and fried processing on nutritional compounds (water content, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrates), antinutrients (phytic acid, tannins, and trypsin inhibitors), and protein digestibility in vitro in Petai. The research was conducted with a one-factor completely randomized design, namely the type of processing. The data was processed by One Way ANOVA using the SPSS 2.1 application with a 95% confidence level, then continued with Duncan's test if there was a significant difference. The results showed that the three processing processes significantly reduced the concentration of anti-nutritional compounds phytic acid, tannins, and trypsin inhibitors. The boiling process is the best processing process that can reduce the antioxidant compounds of phytic acid by 75%, tannins by 49%, and trypsin inhibitors by 70%. Steamed and boiled processing significantly increased the protein digestibility in vitro, which were 0.84% ​​and 2.55%, respectively. This finding can be used as a reference for the processing process for consumers of Petai seeds in Indonesia to get the maximum benefit of protein intake from Petai seeds
KAJIAN PEWARNA SECANG LIMBAH CAIR PEWARNAAN KULIT TERSAMAK TERHADAP UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT BENIH IKAN MAS (Cyprinus carpio L) Entin Darmawati; Sudarmadji Sudarmadji; Umar Santoso
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 16 No 1 (2017): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (166.986 KB)

Abstract

The Research aims to know the exposure and acute 96-hour toxicity test of dye liquid waste (natural and synthetic) on chrom leather from sheep and cow crust towards goldfish seed. The materials used are dye liquid waste of secang (fermented and dried treatment) and synthetic (Acid Dyestuff); and goldfish seed (Cyprinus carpio L). The research has been done in 3 (three) phases: (1) Acclimatization, (2) Acute Toxicity Test LC50-96h, and (3) Probit Analysis Calculation. The data collected were the number of death of tested fish within 96 hours and then analyzed by using probit method (Probit Analysis). The result of the research shows that there are differences of toxic effects of liquid waste from secang and synthetic dyes. Secang dye has lower toxic effect category (slope value = 4.0, LC50-96hour=29.51%), with upper threshold value (N) of 32.0%. In lower threshold value (n) of 28.0% of this concentration, 50% animals tested died. Synthetic dyes had high toxic effect categories (slope value = 11,36, LC50-96hour =1.44%), with upper threshold value (N) of 4.0%. In lower threshold value (n) of 1.5.0% at this concentration tested animals, i.e. goldfish seed (Cyprinus carpio L), experienced 50% mortality on acute toxicity test (LC50 -96 hours). It can be concluded that secang dye is more environmentally friendly than synthetic ones, so it can be used as an alternative in the process of dyeing in the leather industry.
PENERAPAN PEWARNA INDIGO DARI DAUN INDIGOFERA L PADA KULIT CRUST SUEDE DOMBA DENGAN TEKNIK IKAT MOTIF JUMPUTAN Entin Darmawati; Sudarmadji Sudarmadji; Umar Santoso
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 16 No 2 (2017): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (295.391 KB)

Abstract

This study aims to absorb the blue Indigo dye on the skin of sheep crust suede with the technique of binding in order to produce a jumputan motif on tanned skin. Materials used were Indigo leaves (Indigofera L) and tanned leather from sheep crust suede. This research used experimental method with 3 (three) stages: (1) Making blue Indigo dye by enzyme hydrolysis process, (2) Creation of tanned leather motif with binding technique and (3) Application of blue Indigo dye on sheep crust suede using dyeing method with variations: (a) concentrations (6%; 12% and 18%); (b) dyeing time (1.5 hours, 2 hours); (c) bonding techniques (single, double and cross towards color fastness on jumputan motif pattern). The results of the color fastness were the value of 5/4, meaning good, no color changes to the original one at concentrations of 12% and 18%, time 2 hours, double bond motifs, and the value of 4/3, meaning good enough with a little faded at concentration of 6%, 2 hour time, double bond motif, and the most optimum absorption (82%) on the sheepskin's croupon. It can be concluded that the indigo dye gives blue color which can be applied to sheep crust suede with binding technique of jumputan method to produce unique and exclusive motif as raw material of leather product or craft.
Oksidasi dan Sulfonasi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit sebagai Katalis Asam Heterogen T. Miftah Ibrahim; Chusnul Hidayat; Umar Santoso
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v12i2.7020

Abstract

Penggunaan katalis asam homogen memiliki kelemahan dalam pemisahan katalis dari media reaksi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengembangan katalis heterogen (padat) yang lebih mudah dipisahkan dari media reaksi sehingga dapat menyederhanakan tahap produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) menjadi katalis asam heterogen (padat) melalui proses oksidasi dan sulfonasi. Pada proses oksidasi, lignoselulosa diubah menjadi aldehid, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan sulfonasi untuk mengubah gugus karbonil menjadi sulfonat. TKKS di-pretreatment terlebih dahulu, kemudian dioksidasi menggunakan sodium periodat (rasio 0,8) pada suhu dan waktu bervariasi (40, 50 dan 60 oC, selama 3, 6, 9 dan 12 jam) dalam waterbath shaker 150 strokes/min dengan kondisi tanpa cahaya. Selanjutnya dilakukan reaksi oksidasi sebanyak dua tahap diikuti dengan sulfonasi. TKKS tersulfonasi kemudian diaplikasikan untuk mengkatalisis reaksi esterifikasi etil oleat. Suhu dan waktu reaksi oksidasi berpengaruh sangat signifikan (p kurang dari 0,01) terhadap kandungan gugus karbonil yang terbentuk. Perlakuan pada suhu 50 oC selama 9 jam mampu menghasilkan gugus karbonil 98,34 1,52 mol/g-sampel. Reaksi oksidasi dua tahap mampu meningkatkan gugus karbonil 12,02 % lebih besar. Reaksi sulfonasi pada suhu 45 oC selama 3 jam hanya mampu mengkonversi 27,97 % gugus karbonil menjadi sulfonat dengan kandungan total sulfur 6,30 0,29 %, hal ini berdampak kepada kemampuan TKKS tersulfonasi untuk mengkatalisis reaksi esterifikasi etil oleat dengan yield yang masih rendah yaitu 29,12 5,15 %.
Co-Authors Agatha Intan Wihenti Aprilia Fitriani Chusnul Hidayat Edlina Putri Sukma Dewi Eni Harmayani Entin Darmawati Nur Arifah Qurota A’yunin Putri Maharani Rachma, Yasmin Aulia Rahmadhia, Safinta Nurinda Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Supriyadi Supriyadi Swastika Dewi T. Miftah Ibrahim Uswatun Hasanah