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All Journal Jurnal Teknik ITS Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Akta Kimia Indonesia Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Automotive Experiences Abdimas Altruis: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Sewagati
Zetra, Yulfi
Chemistry Department Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Kampus ITS Keputih Sukolilo Surabaya-60111
Aerospace Engineering Arts Humanities Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Ngrayong Formation Polaman Sediment Rock, Northeast Java Basin-Indonesia Yulfi Zetra; Rafwan Year Perry Burhan; Sulistiyono Sulistiyono; Arizal Firmansyah; Darin Salsabila
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 6 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.83534

Abstract

A study of the sedimentary rocks of the Ngrayong formation has been carried out on five samples from the Polaman outcrop point to determine the potential of coal as a source rock for producing oil and gas through GC-MS analysis. Biomarker analysis shows the presence of n-alkanes (C16-C36) with a bimodal distribution, indicating that the source of organic material in sedimentary rocks comes from bacteria, algae, and vascular plants, which is supported by several parameters such as CPI, OEP, LHCPI, wax index, ACL and AlkTerr values. This dominant source of terrigenous organic matter is also proven by the TAR value, C31/C19, C29/C17 ratio, and several aromatic compounds and their derivatives. Bacterial input as an organic source of allouchtonic sedimentary rocks is also proven by the presence of hopanoid, de-A-lupane biomarkers, and C17/C31 ratio. The oxic deposition environment is indicated by the Pr/Ph ratio. CPI and OEP parameters, C29 bb/ab ratio > 0.15 and C31 22S/(22S+22R) < 1 indicate low maturity of the sediment sample. Several parameters and the presence of biomarkers stated above conclude that Ngrayong coal as a source rock has the potential to produce oil and gas.
Synthesis of 2-Hidroxyethyl Ester (2-HEE) and 2-Hydroxypropyl Ester (2-HPE) from Castor Oil as Bioadditives to Improve the Cold Flow Characteristic of Biodiesel Yulfi Zetra; Nirmala Puteri Batari; Talitha Fitra Firdausya; Yunita Alfiyati Firdausa; Rizka Berliana Putri; R.Y. Perry Burhan; Yuly Kusumawati
Automotive Experiences Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.15860

Abstract

The utilization of biodiesel continues to increase along with the development of renewable energy. However, biodiesel tends to exhibit poorer cold flow properties compared to petroleum diesel. In this study, castor oil, a non-edible vegetable oil, was modified into 2-hydroxyethyl ester (2-HEE) and 2-hydroxypropyl ester (2-HPE) to improve the cold flow characteristic of biodiesel. The transesterification of 2-HEE and 2-HPE was carried out using fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) derived from castor oil with ethylene glycol (for 2-HEE) and propylene glycol (for 2-HPE), assisted by a K₂CO₃ catalyst at 150 °C, a mixing speed at 500 rpm, under a vacuum system. The optimum molar ratio of FAME to polyol was 1:10, yielding 69.63% for 2-HEE and 56.84% for 2-HPE. GC–MS analysis showed product abundances of 98.17% for 2-HEE (dominated by 2-hydroxyethyl ricinoleate at 77.4%) and 98.97% for 2-HPE (dominated by 2-hydroxypropyl ricinoleate at 77.9%). The addition of 2% v/v 2-HEE to biodiesel reduced the cloud point by 2.2 °C, the pour point by 3 °C, the flash point by 3 °C, and the density by 0.005 g/cm³, while increasing the kinematic viscosity by 0.21 cSt. Meanwhile, the addition of 2% v/v 2-HPE reduced the cloud point by 3.1 °C, the pour point by 4.3 °C, the flash point by 8 °C, and the density by 0.001 g/cm³, with an increase in kinematic viscosity of only 0.01 cSt. The 2-HPE compound showed superior performance as a bioadditive compared to 2-HEE in improving the cold flow characteristic of biodiesel without significantly altering its physical properties.
Synthesis of Waste Cooking Oil Based Bioadditive Through Transesterification and Its Feasibility as Lubricity Enhancer Bioadditives for Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuel: Preliminary Investigation Yulfi Zetra; Rizka Berliana Rizka; Talitha Fitra Firdhausya; Yunita Alfiyati Firdausa; R. Y. Perry Burhan
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14461

Abstract

Desulfurization of diesel fuel, which is considered to reduce pollution, causes a decrease in its lubrication power. As a result, the friction between surfaces of the engine increases, and it wears out easily. Therefore, it is necessary to increase diesel fuel lubricity through the addition of additives. Waste cooking oil modified to 2-hydroxypropyl esters has a prospect to be a lubricity-enhancing bioadditive. Polar and non-polar groups contain in 2-hydroxypropyl ester can form a bilayer on the surface of the engine that prevents friction between metal components. Synthesis of 2-hydroxypropyl esters was carried out by transesterification at 150°C for 10 hours. The mole ratio of oil to propylene glycol was adjusted to 1:7 with the loading of CaO 7% w/w oil as catalyst. The yield of the product is 88.89%. The product was identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that 2-hydroxypropyl palmitate and 2-hydroxypropyl oleate have dominant relative abundance with percentages of 42.46% and 57.44%, respectively. According to the molecular review as preliminary investigation, this compound has the potential to deliver better lubricity than ester-only biolubricants. Therefore, 2-hydroxypropyl ester can be proposed as an alternative bioadditive for low-sulfur diesel fuel lubricity enhancer.
Co-Authors Abduh Muharram Chairacita Agus Wahyudi Agus Wahyudi Agus Wahyudi Agus Wahyudi Agus Wahyudi Amirotul Ula Anis Febriati Arizal Firmansyah Arizal Firmansyah Aufa Fadhliah Awalia Wardatil Firdaus Darin Salsabila Didik Prasetyoko Dyah Nirmala Edi, Eduardus Endah Mutiara Endah Mutiara Marhaeni Putri Endah Mutiara Marhaeni Putri Fahima Martak Fahimah Martak Fina Riandra Gunawan, Triyanda Imam B. Sosrowidjojo Januar Kholik Kusuma, Hendra Siswanto M. Nadjib Mujahid M. Rachimoellah Maulida Fitriyyah Miranti Widi Puspita Ayu Nadjib, Muhammad Nirmala Puteri Batari Novesar Jamarun Pusparatu Pusparatu R. Arizal Firmansyah R.Y. Perry Burhan R.Y. Perry Burhan, R.Y. Perry Rafwan Year Perry Burhan Rhiby Ainur Basit Hariyanto Riandra, Fina Riandra, Fina Rizka Berliana Putri Rizka Berliana Rizka Sosrowidjojo, Imam B. Sosrowidjojo, Imam B. Sovia Masfuri Walidatus Sholihah Sulistiyono Sulistiyono Talitha Fitra Firdausya Talitha Fitra Firdhausya Wahyu Prasetyo Utomo Wahyu Prasetyo Utomo Yuly Kusumawati Yunita Alfiyati Firdausa Zein Firdaus Ramadhan Zjahra Vianita Zjahra Vianita Nugraheni Zjahra Vianita Nugraheni