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Penerapan Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak dalam Kontrak Elektronik Berbentuk Click-Wrap Agreement dan Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Para Pihak Muhammad Aftabuddin Fazli; Rahadi Wasi Bintoro
Jurnal QOSIM : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial & Humaniora Vol 4 No 3 (2026): 2026
Publisher : Yayasan pendidikan dzurriyatul Quran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61104/jq.v4i3.6598

Abstract

Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah mendorong lahirnya kontrak elektronik, salah satunya berbentuk click-wrap agreement yang banyak digunakan dalam transaksi digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan asas kebebasan berkontrak dalam kontrak elektronik serta menelaah perlindungan hukum terhadap para pihak, khususnya konsumen. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa click-wrap agreement secara formal memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian sebagaimana diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata dan diakui dalam Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Namun, dalam praktiknya, kesepakatan yang terbentuk tidak selalu mencerminkan kehendak bebas karena kontrak disusun secara sepihak dan menggunakan klausula baku tanpa ruang negosiasi. Kondisi ini menyebabkan ketimpangan antara pelaku usaha dan konsumen, sehingga asas kebebasan berkontrak cenderung bersifat prosedural. Perlindungan hukum melalui Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen telah memberikan batasan terhadap klausula yang merugikan, tetapi implementasinya masih belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penafsiran ulang terhadap asas kebebasan berkontrak serta penguatan regulasi dan pengawasan agar tercapai keseimbangan dan keadilan dalam hubungan kontraktual digital.
Perlindungan Data Pribadi Sebagai Kewajiban Hukum Pelaku Usaha dalam Praktik Bisnis: Studi Kasus Kebocoran Data Tokopedia Anisa Khusnul Rahma; Rahadi Wasi Bintoro
Jurnal QOSIM : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial & Humaniora Vol 4 No 3 (2026): 2026
Publisher : Yayasan pendidikan dzurriyatul Quran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61104/jq.v4i3.6685

Abstract

Perkembangan ekonomi digital di Indonesia telah meningkatkan penggunaan data pribadi sebagai aset strategis dalam praktik bisnis. Kondisi ini menuntut adanya perlindungan data pribadi sebagai kewajiban hukum bagi pelaku usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan perlindungan data pribadi sebagai kewajiban hukum pelaku usaha serta mengkaji implementasinya dalam praktik bisnis digital di Indonesia melalui studi kasus kebocoran data Tokopedia. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Data penelitian diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi menempatkan pelaku usaha sebagai pengendali data yang wajib menjamin keamanan, kerahasiaan, dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan data pribadi. Namun, implementasi perlindungan data pribadi dalam praktik bisnis digital masih belum optimal. Kasus kebocoran data Tokopedia menunjukkan adanya kelemahan dalam sistem keamanan siber, dan belum efektifnya pengawasan dan penegakan hukum. Dengan demikian, perlindungan data pribadi di Indonesia masih menghadapi kesenjangan antara norma hukum dan pelaksanaannya di lapangan.
Legal Policy and Environmental Justice in Indonesia’s Forest Area Enforcement Eka Padmahantara Antonius; Sri Wahyu Handayani; Rahadi Wasi Bintoro
JURNAL AKTA Vol 13, No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Forest governance remains a significant legal and environmental challenge in Indonesia due to the widespread occurrence of illegal logging, unauthorized oil palm plantations, and unlicensed mining activities within forest areas. These practices have caused environmental degradation, reduced state revenues, and generated conflicts involving indigenous peoples and local communities. In response, the Indonesian government enacted Presidential Regulation Number 5 of 2025 concerning Forest Area Enforcement as a legal instrument to restore state control over forest areas and strengthen forest governance. However, concerns remain regarding the extent to which the regulation reflects environmental justice principles. This research aims to analyze the legal policy underlying state re-control of forest areas through Presidential Regulation Number 5 of 2025 and to evaluate its conformity with the principles of environmental justice. The study employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The study concludes that while Presidential Regulation Number 5 of 2025 strengthens state authority over forest governance and contributes to legal certainty, its implementation requires further legal reform to ensure the fulfillment of distributive, procedural, and social justice principles. Integrating environmental justice into forest area enforcement is essential for achieving sustainable and equitable forest governance in Indonesia.
Justice in Handling Environmental Crimes by Corporations: A Legal Philosophical Review of Postponement of Prosecution Nadya Karunia Normayunita; Rahadi Wasi Bintoro; Sri Wahyu Handayani; Jared Ivory
Kertha Patrika Vol. 48 No. 2 (2026): Contemporary Challenges in Law: Comparative Perspectives on Justice, Legal Pro
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/KP.2026.v48.i02.p04

Abstract

The paradigm of natural resource utilization in Indonesia refers to the principle of retributive justice that provides equal opportunities for communities to manage and utilize natural resources. However, corporations often engage in acts of environmental exploitation that lead to pollution and environmental damage. This study aims to analyze the postponement of prosecution against corporations committing environmental crimes from the perspective of legal philosophy and justice. The study was conducted using normative research and a legislative and conceptual approach. Secondary data will be collected through a literature study method and will be analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results show that the postponement of prosecution agreement is a concrete implementation of the paradigm shift of justice from retributive to restorative because law enforcement efforts are carried out as much as possible outside the courts. However, this paradigm shift creates problems because the absence of criminal sanctions against corporations will risk the repetition of criminal acts in the future. Therefore, a balance is needed in the process of corporate law enforcement so that environmental restoration efforts can still provide an optimal deterrent effect.
Justice in Handling Environmental Crimes by Corporations: A Legal Philosophical Review of Postponement of Prosecution Nadya Karunia Normayunita; Rahadi Wasi Bintoro; Sri Wahyu Handayani; Jared Ivory
Kertha Patrika Vol. 48 No. 2 (2026): Contemporary Challenges in Law: Comparative Perspectives on Justice, Legal Pro
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Udayana University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/KP.2026.v48.i02.p04

Abstract

The paradigm of natural resource utilization in Indonesia refers to the principle of retributive justice that provides equal opportunities for communities to manage and utilize natural resources. However, corporations often engage in acts of environmental exploitation that lead to pollution and environmental damage. This study aims to analyze the postponement of prosecution against corporations committing environmental crimes from the perspective of legal philosophy and justice. The study was conducted using normative research and a legislative and conceptual approach. Secondary data will be collected through a literature study method and will be analyzed qualitatively descriptively. The results show that the postponement of prosecution agreement is a concrete implementation of the paradigm shift of justice from retributive to restorative because law enforcement efforts are carried out as much as possible outside the courts. However, this paradigm shift creates problems because the absence of criminal sanctions against corporations will risk the repetition of criminal acts in the future. Therefore, a balance is needed in the process of corporate law enforcement so that environmental restoration efforts can still provide an optimal deterrent effect.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEMEGANG POLIS KRESNA LIFE DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ASURANSI PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 140/K/TUN/2025 Adi Gunawan; Sulistyandari Sulistyandari; Rahadi Wasi Bintoro
Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi Vol 14, No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi
Publisher : Universitas Labuhanbatu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36987/jiad.v14i2.8845

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the forms and effectiveness of legal protection for policyholders of PT Asuransi Jiwa Kresna (Kresna Life) following Supreme Court Decision Number 140/K/TUN/2025, which declared the revocation of the company’s business license by the supervisory authority to be lawful. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, through the analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that, normatively, the insurance legal system has positioned policyholders as protected legal subjects and has legitimized the revocation of business licenses as a measure to safeguard the public interest. However, post–final and binding judgment, legal protection tends to be procedural in nature through liquidation mechanisms and has not fully guaranteed the substantive recovery of policyholders’ rights due to the company’s limited assets and the absence of effective guarantee instruments. This condition underscores a gap between the normative guarantees of legal protection and the reality of fulfilling policyholders’ rights. This study provides a critical evaluation of the effectiveness of legal protection for policyholders following the revocation of an insurance company's business license.Keywords: legal protection; policyholders; insurance