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Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris) terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Amanda Yessica Anggara; . Muthmainah; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Kidney failure can happen due to intoxication of paracetamol that causes oxidative stress. Red beet (Beta vulgaris) containing various components such as vitamin A, C and E, flavonoid, Cu, Zn, Mn, selenium, betanin, and phenolic has a function as antioxidants. The aims of this research were to know the nefroprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beet to prevent renal cell damage of mice. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with posttest only controlled group design. Subjects of this research were thirty Swiss webster male mice (Mus musculus), 2-3 months old and 20 grams of body weight (BW), each.. The subjects were divided into 5 groups randomly. The groups of this research were negative control (KK(-)), positive control (KK(+)), experimental group 1 (KP1), experimental group 2 (KP2), and experimental group 3 (KP3). The KP1, KP2 and KP3 were administered 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg and 22.4 mg per 20g BW, successively. The nefroprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beet to prevent renal cell damage of mice was assessed by counting the number of damage cells among 50 renal cells on pars convulata. Results: One-Way ANOVA analysis p=0.000 (p<0.05) followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons showed a significant difference between negative control and other groups. The increasing dose of the ethanol extract of red beet was followed by the improvement of the protective effect. The linear regression test p=0.000 (p<0.05) showed a correlation between the increase of dose of ethanol extract of red beet and the improvement of the nefroprotective effect to the histological damage of mices renal cells. Conclusions: Ethanol extract of red beet showed the nefroprotective effect to the histological damage of mices renal cells induced by paracetamol. The increase of dose of the ethanol extract of red beet improved the protective effect to mices renal cells. Keywords: ethanol extract of red beet, histological damage of mices renal cells, paracetamol

The Effects of Propolis Ethanol Extract on The Decreasing Number of The Mouses Spermatids Induced by Cigarettes Smoke Mugi Tri Sutikno; . Muthmainah; Riza Novierta Pesik
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background:The propolis ethanol extract contains flavonoid, terpenoid, Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE), vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E which are potential for being antioxidant to protect the spermatids from the danger of free radical. The aims of this research were to know the effects of propolis ethanol extract on the decreasing number of the mouses spermatids induced by cigarettes smoke and to know the effect of dosage raising level of the propolis ethanol extract towards the research subject. Methods:This research was a laboratory experiment using the posttest only controlled group design. The sampels were 25 Swiss Webster mice (age around 2-3 months and approximately 20 grams of weight). They were classified into 5 groups which consisted of 5 mice in each group. KK group was without any intervention. KI group was only induced by the cigarettes smoke. KP1, KP2 and KP3, all were induced by the cigarettes smoke and in a row, got 5.6 mg (dosage level I), 11.2 mg (dosage level II) and 16.8 mg (dosage level III) of propolis ethanol extract. These interventions were done for two weeks. The decreasing number of spermatids was counted through the inspection under microscope and counting of five chosen rounded-looks seminiferous tubules. The data were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. Results:The result of One-way ANOVA p = 0.000 (p < ?) showed differences between each research groups. The Post Hoc test of the spermatids number showed significant differences between KK-KI, KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KK-KP3, KI-KP1, KI-KP2, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, KP2 -KP3 groups but KI and KP3 wasnt. Conclusions:The propolis ethanolic extract can inhibit the decreasing number of the mouses spermatids which is induced by cigarettes smoke and the raising dosage from 5.6 mg to 11.2 mg is the succeeded dosage to inhibit the decreasing number of the spermatids. Keywords: propolis ethanol extract, spermatid, mouse, cigarettes smoke.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.) terhadap Struktur Histologis Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) Akibat Paparan Minyak Kelapa Sawit Pemanasan Berulang Fitri Febrianti Ramadhan; . Muthmainah; Vitri Widyaningsih
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: One of plants with abundant antioxidant compounds is red beet (Beta vulgaris L.). That antioxidant compounds can be found in betalain pigment, ?-karoten, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, flavonoid, mineral Cu, Mn, Zn and selenium. This research was conducted to prove the nefroprotective effect and the optimal dose of ethanol extract of red beet which can prevent renal cells damage of mice induced by deep frying palm oil. Methods: This research was laboratory experimental research. Samples were thirty Swiss webster male mice, 2-3 months old and 20 grams of each weight divided into 5 groups randomly, each groups have six mice. Normal control group (KKn) wasnt given any treatments, only aquades. The second group (KP) was induced 0.06 ml/ 20 g weight deep frying palm oil orally and aquades every day for 14 days that can cause renal cells damaging. KP1, KP2, and KP3 were given nephroprotector treatment of ethanol red beet extract with dosage 5.6 ml/ 20 g weight, 11.2 ml/ 20 g weight, and 22.4 ml/ 20 g weight and then after an hour induced 0.06 ml/ 20 g weight frying palm oil orally every day for 14 days. Renal histological imaging were assessed by the sum of the cell nucleus picnosis, cariorecsis, and cariolysis. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. (? = 0.05) Results: One-way ANOVA test showed that the value of p was < 0.001. Mean of each group were KKn (8.671.27), KP (44.631.31), KP1 (33.881.15), KP2 (22.751.70), and KP3 (12.791.38). Post hoc multiple comparisons test results showed there was significant. Mean difference of KP-KP1, KP1-KP2, and KP2-KP3 were respectively 10.75, 11.12, and 9.96. Conclusions: The nefroprotective effect and the optimal dose of ethanol extract of red beet can prevent renal cells damaging of mice induced by deep frying palm oil. Keywords: red beet, deep frying palm oil, histology of renal

Efek Nefroprotektor Ekstrak Biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Muvida Muvida; . Muthmainah; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Seed extract of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. contains saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and tannins that may exhibit significant protection of kidney cells from free radicals. In present study, Swietenia mahagoni was evaluated for its nephroprotector effect on paracetamol-induced kidney cells histological damage in mice (Mus musculus). Methods: This research used experimental laboratory studies with post test only controlled group design. Samples were 28 male Swiss webster mice (2-3 months old) weighing + 20 g and divided into 4 groups, 7 mice each group. Sampling technique in this research was incidental sampling. The negative control group (KK (-)) and the positive control group (KK (+)) of mice were administered aquadest for 14 days. The first treatment group (KP1) and the second group treatment (KP2) of mice were administered mahagony seed extract with the dose of 11,2 mg/20 g and 22,4 mg/20 g body weight of mice for 14 days, respectively. Paracetamol was administered to groups of KK (+), KP1, dan KP2 on the 12th, 13th, and 14th day. On day-15th, mice were sacrificed and their kidneys were taken and stained with hematoxilin eosin (HE) for histological study. The kidney cells histological features were assessed based on quantifying of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed with the One-Way ANOVA test (? = 0.05) and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons LSD test (? = 0.05). Results: The mean of kidney cells histological damage in mice for KK (-), KK (+), KP1 and KP2 were 9.57 + 0.701; 28.93 + 1.698; 9.28 + 0.873 and 27.79 + 1.651, respectively. Result of statistic analysis showed that there were significant differences of kidney cells damage score between KK (-) KK (+), KK (-) KP2, KK (+) KP1, KP1 KP2, and non significant differences between KK (-) KP1 and KK (+) KP2. Conclusions: Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. seed extract showed nephroprotector effect against paracetamol-induced kidney cells histological damage in mice. Keywords: mahagony seed extract, nephroprotector, kidney cells histological damage

Efek Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Bit Merah (Beta vulgaris L.) terhadap Kerusakan Sel Hepar Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Dipapar Minyak Kelapa Sawit Pemanasan Berulang Rabi'atul Adawiyah; . Muthmainah; Vitri Widyaningsih
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) contains betalain pigments consisting of betacyanin and betaxanthine that can protect the liver from free radicals. This research aims to know the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of red beet against liver histological damage of mice caused by reheated palm oil. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental research with the post test only control group design. This research used male Swiss Webster mice with 2-3 months old and 20 g of body weight, each. Thirty samples of mice were divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 6 mice. Sampling technique in this research was consecutive sampling. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water. The exposure group (KP) and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd treatment group (KP1, KP2, KP3), mice were given reheated palm oil. KP1, KP2, KP3 were not only given reheated palm oil, but also were given ethanol extract of red beet in dose 5.6 mg, 11.2 mg, and 22.4 mg. These treatments were done for 14 days. On the 15th day mice were killed with neck dislocation and livers were made for preparation with Paraffin Block method and were stained with Hematoxyllin Eosin (HE). Liver histological features were assessed based on quantifying of necrotic cells (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis) of each 100 cells in the third zone. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc test. Results: Data showed mean of necrotic cells in KKn, KP, KP1, KP2, KP3 respectively were 27.171.47, 75.331.61, 61.921.56, 511.54, 43.081.73 and mean difference between KP-KP1, KP1-KP2, KP2-KP3 were 13.42, 10.92, 7.92. The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed a significant difference of liver damage score in the five groups, p < 0.001. The results of Post Hoc test also showed significant difference among five groups, p < 0.001 and the most significant difference were between KP-KP2. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of red beet provides protective effect against mice's liver histological damage caused by reheated palm oil and optimal dose of ethanol extract of red beet is 11.2 mg/20 g of body weight. Keywords: Ethanol extract of red beet, reheated palm oil, liver histological damage.

Pengaruh Pemberian Sari Buah Stroberi Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Ginjal Mencit Akibat Paparan Parasetamol Pratita Komalasari; . Muthmainah; Bhisma Murti
Nexus Kedokteran Translasional Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Kedokteran Translasional
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background: Strawberry essence is known to contain vitamin C, anthocyanins and elagic acid. It has potent antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to examine the effects of strawberry essence in preventing histologic damage renal cell of mice (Mus musculus). Methods: The study used Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design. The samples of 28 male mice (Mus musculus) Swiss Webster strain, aged 2-3 months, body weight 20 grams were divided into 4 groups: KK (aquadest), KP I (aquadest + paracetamol), KP II (Paracetamol+Strawberry essence dose 416 mg/20 g BB), KP III (Paracetamol+Strawberry essence dose 832 mg/20 g BB). The treatment was given for 14 days, except paracetamol was given only on day 12 th, 13 th, 14 th. On day 15th mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation. Then right and left renal of mice were taken. From each renal was made two histological preparations. Renal preparations were made ??by the method of paraffin blocks with Haematoxylin Eosin staining (HE). Observations of renal used a light microscope magnification of 1000 times. The number of damaged cells from each of 50 cells in the renal proximal tubule were counted. Data were analyzed by One-Way Analysis of Variant Test (ANOVA) and Post Hoc test (?=0,05). Results: Mean of KK = 7.61 1.786, KP I = 37.07 2.905, KP II = 29.64 3.540, KP III = 22.39 3.403. There were significant differences of the mean number of damage cells in all pairs of groups (KK-KP I, KK-KP II, KK-KP III, KP I-KP II, KP I KP III, and KP II-KP III). Conclusion: The Strawberry essence (Fragaria x annanassa) could prevent histological damage renal cells of mice exposed to paracetamol, but it could not give the same effect as the KK (p < 0.001). Keywords: Strawberry Essence, paracetamol, histologic damage renal cell

Perbedaan NilaiArus Puncak Ekspirasi (APE) antara BuruhProses Pencelupan dengan Buruh Administrasi Industri Batik Anisa Nur Rahma; . Harsini; . Muthmainah
Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Kedokteran Komunitas
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

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Background: One of the negative impactsof industy development is the occurance of occupational disease. The respiratory disease is one of the occupational disease that can cause lung disfunction. The function of lung can be observed by peak expiratory flow (PEF) value. The aim of this study is to know the difference on the percentage of measured PEF value compared with predictive PEF value, between immersion processing workers and administrative workers in batik industry. Methods: This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. Study was conducted in July-September 2013 in the batik industry in Laweyan District. Samples were taken by stratified random sampling. Samples that consisted of 60 workers were divided into two groups: 30 immersion processing workers and 30 administrative workers in batik industry. The measurement of PEF used the Peak Flow Meter. The measured PEF valuewas compared with the predictive PEF value and then expressed on percentage form. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test (a=0.05). Result:This study showed the mean value of percentage of measured PEF compared with predictive PEF on administrative workers was 75,6% 8,7, the mean value of percentage of measured PEF compared with the predictive PEF on immersion processing workers was 62,9% 11,7. Mann-Whitney test showed that p=0.000 (p<0.005), so there was a significant difference between the value on the administration workers and the value on Immersion Processing Workers in Batik Industry. Conclusion:The percentage of measured PEF value compared with predictive PEF valueon administrative workers wassignificantly higher than the percentage of measured PEF value compared withpredictive PEF value on Immersion Processing Workers in Batik Industry. Keywords: Batik, PEF value, administration workers, Immersion Processing Workers in Batik Industry

Pengaruh Pemberian Jus Stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa) Terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Hepar Mencit yang Diinduksi Rhodamin B Risky Pratiwi; . Muthmainah; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Strawberry contains flavonoid, anthocyanin, ellagic acid and vitamin C that can protect the liver from free radicals. The aims of this research are to know the effect of strawberry juice and the increasing of its dose on the liver histological damage of mice caused by rhodamine B. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental research with the post-test only control group design. The laboratory animal used in this experiment was male Swiss webster mice with 2-3 months old and 20 grams of each weight. Twenty eight samples were divided into 4 groups (KKn, KP, KP1 and KP2), each group consisted of 7 mice. The sampling technique in this research was consecutive sampling. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water, while the exposure group (KP), the 1st treatment group (KP1), and 2nd treatment group (KP2) were given rhodamine B. The mice of KP1 and KP2 were given strawberry juice in dose 0.4 ml/20 gWt and 0.8 ml/20 gWt. These treatments were done for 16 days, then on the 17th day mice were killed with neck dislocation and their livers were made for preparation with paraffin block method and stained with HE. Liver cell histological damages were assessed based on quantifying necrotic cells of each 100 cells in the first zone and third zone. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc LSD test (? = 0.05). Results: The data showed mean of necrotic cells in KKn, KP, KP1 and KP2 were 38.64 2.56; 157.64 2.87; 90.07 2.70; and 68.93 2.56, repeatedly. The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed p = 0.000. The results of LSD test showed significant difference between KKn-KP, KKn-KP1, KKn-KP2, KP-KP1, KP-KP2, and KP1-KP2 with p = 0.000 for each groups. Conclusion: Strawberry juice reduces mices liver cell histological damage caused by rhodamine B and the increasing dose of strawberry juice can reduce liver cell histological damage. Keywords: Strawberry juice, rhodamine B, liver cell histological damage

Pengaruh Elektroakupunktur Titik Zusanli (ST 36) dan Sanyinjiao (SP6) terhadap Ketebalan Korteks Adrenal Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang Dipapar Bising Intermiten Muhammad Luthfiyanto; . Muthmainah; Selfi Handayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Noise exposure triggers stress and thickens adrenal cortex. Electroacupuncture on Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints is known to reduce stress and improve the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This study aimed to know the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints towards adrenal cortex thickness of rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed by intermittent noise. Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with the post-test only control group design. The subject of this study was male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), 1-2 months old, and 200-250 grams of body weight. Twenty seven rats were taken by consecutive sampling. The rats were divided into 3 groups randomly, each group consisted of 9 rats. The Control Group (KK) was untreated, the treatment group 1 (KP1) was exposed by the noise, the treatment group 2 (KP2) was exposed by the noise and treated with electroacupuncture. Noise exposure was conducted for about 8 hours/day intermittently during 21 days respectively, while electroacupuncture treatment was done every 3 days, so there were 7 times of electroacupuncture treatment. Electroacupuncture was conducted at Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints at 2 Hz of frequency in a continuous wave for 15 minutes that its intensity was adjusted until local muscle contractions were seen. On the 22nd day, rats were sacrificed by neck dislocation and rats adrenal glands were taken and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for histological study. The thickness of rats adrenal cortex was observed under light microscope with 400x magnification. The data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA test and LSD test (? = 0.05). Results: The average of cortex adrenal thickness in KK, KP1 and KP2 were 454.93 2.03 m, 565.59 0.97 m and 479.65 1.34 m, consecutively. One Way ANOVA test showed significant differences among the three groups with p=0.000 (p<0.05). LSD test also showed significant differences between KK-KP1, KK-KP2, KP1-KP2 with each of p=0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints affected to prevent the thickening of adrenal cortex of rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed by intermittent noise. Keywords: electroacupuncture, Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), noise, adrenal cortexs thickness.

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