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All Journal Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika (JST) Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis Indonesian Journal of Geography JOURNAL OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) Jurnal Matematika & Sains Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics JURNAL ILMIAH PENDIDIKAN FISIKA AL BIRUNI Jurnal Fisika FLUX Science and Technology Indonesia Jurnal Penelitian Sains Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) IJEMS (Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability) Marine Research in Indonesia Jurnal Kelautan Nasional Jurnal Ilmu Fisika International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) Indonesian Physical Review Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika Indobiosains SRIWIJAYA JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT JIFP (Jurnal Ilmu Fisika dan Pembelajarannya) Makara Journal of Science Kemas Journal:Jurnal Pengabdian masyarakat The International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES)
Iskhaq Iskandar
University Of Sriwijaya
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics Public Health Social Sciences Transportation

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Annual and Interannual Rainfall Variability in Indonesia Using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) Analysis and Its Response to Ocean-Atmosphere Dynamics Ariska, Melly; Suhadi, Suhadi; Supari, Supari; Irfan, Muhammad; Iskandar, Iskhaq
Jurnal Ilmu Fisika Vol 16 No 2 (2024): September 2024
Publisher : Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jif.16.2.151-165.2024

Abstract

We investigate rainfall variability in Indonesia using the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method. The analysis starts by taking three main modes of EOF results, namely EOF1, EOF2, and EOF3. The EOF1 region is southern Indonesia, from southern Sumatra to Timor Island, parts of Kalimantan, parts of Sulawesi, and parts of Irian Jaya. The EOF2 region is located in northwestern Indonesia and includes the northern part of Sumatra and the northwestern part of Kalimantan. The EOF3 region covers Maluku. This study aims to analyze the annual and inter-annual variability of rainfall in anticipation of the threat of hydrometeorological disasters. Based on the correlation value of the principal component (PC) with the dipole mode index (DMI) and Niño3.4 index, it has a period similar to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Rainfall in Indonesia is very sensitive to sea surface temperature (SST) in the southeastern Indian Ocean and the central Pacific Ocean, which means that rainfall patterns in Indonesia can change significantly if SST in the region changes.
MORLET’S WAVELET ANALYSIS ON EL NIÑO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) AND THE INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE (IOD) FOR 84 YEARS: 1940-2023 Suhadi, Suhadi; Putri, Jamiatul Khairunnisa; Iskandar, Iskhaq; Supari, Supari; Irfan, Muhammad; Ariska, Melly; Akhsan, Hamdi
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v7i3.363

Abstract

As is known, the impact caused by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can reach extreme levels, especially rainfall in Indonesia. So, updating information on events and cycles of these phenomena is essential. Using Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data spanning the previous 84 years (1940–2023) from ERA5, we examined Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTA), which serve as a predictive tool for ENSO and IOD events. Apart from that, in this research, SSTA variance analysis was also carried out using Wavelet. The analysis results show several Positive IOD-Like events (1943, 1944, 1977, 1996) and Negative IOD-Like (1985, 1992, 2016). Apart from that, the results of this research also show that El Niño in 2002/03 coincided with Negative IOD in 2002. The results of Wavelet analysis show that the SSTA DMI variance experienced increased activity in the periods 1940-1968, 1969-1991, and 1992-2023. The Wavelet analysis also shows that ENSO activity increased in 1970-2000 and decreased again in 2000-2023.
Influence of Anomalous Upwelling on the Water Mass of South Java during Two Positive Indian Ocean Dipole in 2015 and 2019 Herlambang, Dominikus Krisna; Iskandar, Iskhaq
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 9 No SpecialIssue (2023): UNRAM journals and research based on science education, science applic
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v9iSpecialIssue.6182

Abstract

Upwelling is a phenomenon that often occurs in the ocean. Upwelling can be interpreted as the process of rising sea water masses from below the surface to the surface due to the vacancy of sea water masses at the surface. The upwelling phenomenon will cause many anomalies that have a direct impact on ocean dynamics, one of which is the dynamics that occur in the waters south of Java. The formation of the coastal upwelling phenomenon in the waters south of Java in 2015 and 2019 was the cause of the active Positive IOD in both years. By carrying out time series analysis and spatial data visualization processes as well as correlation methods to determine the relationship between parameters, this research aims to discuss and find out about the influence of coastal upwelling dynamics on the waters of southern Java in 2015 and 2019. The results obtained from this research show that the coastal upwelling phenomenon formed in 2015 and 2019 along the waters of southern Java resulted anomalies in dynamic patterns in the form of decreasing sea surface temperatures and increasing chlorophyll-a concentrations
Variability of Temperature Extreme Observes in Kalimantan Putri, Jamiatul Khairunnisa; Suhadi; Irfan, Muhammad; Akhsan, Hamdi; Iskandar, Iskhaq
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 10 No 11 (2024): November
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v10i11.9048

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the trend of extreme temperatures in Kalimantan over the past few decades. The data used are daily temperatures from meteorological stations in West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and South Kalimantan, with an observation period of January 1985 to December 2022. The research methodology involves four main stages: data collection, extreme temperature index calculation, trend detection, and correlation analysis with ENSO and IOD. The results showed an increasing trend in extreme temperatures (warming). The increase in mean annual maximum temperature (TXmean) ranged from 0.03°C to 2°C per century, while the mean annual minimum temperature increased from 0.2°C to 0.5°C per century. Monthly maximum value of daily max temperature (TXx) the increasing trend ranged from 0.19°C to 1.7°C, monthly maximum value of daily min temperature (TNx) increased from 0.1°C to 0.5°C. The monthly mean difference between daily max and min temperature (DTR) also shows an increase of 0.5°C to 1.7°C. This trend indicates that daytime (TXmean, TXx) and nighttime (TNmean, TNx) conditions in Kalimantan, especially in West, Central, and South Kalimantan, are getting hotter, with the daytime experiencing a more significant increase in temperature. The correlation between the extreme temperature index and ENSO and IOD is negative and positive, indicating that ENSO and IOD do not fully influence the increase in extreme temperatures. These findings have important implications for disaster mitigation planning and adaptation to climate change in the Kalimantan region.
TREND IN PRECIPITATION OVER SUMATERA UNDER THE WARMING EARTH Iskhaq Iskandar; Muhammad Irfan; Fadli Syamsuddin; Akmal Johan; Pradanto Poerwono
International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 8 (2011)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30536/j.ijreses.2011.v8.a1737

Abstract

A long-term climate variations in the western Indonesian region (e.g. Sumatera) were evaluated using precipitation data as a proxy. The result showed that there was a long-term climate variation over Sumatera region indicated by a decreasing trend in precipitation (drying trend). Moreover, the long-term precipitation trend has a strong seasonality. Remarkable decreasing trend at a rate of 3.9 cm/year (the largest trend) was observed during the northwest monsoon (DJF) season, while the smallest decreasing trend of 1.5 cm/year occurred during the southeast monsoon (JJA) season. This result suggested that the Sumatera Island experienced a drying trend during the northwest monsoon season, and a dryer condition will be more frequently observed during the southeast monsoon season. The long-term precipitation over the Sumatera Island was linked to coupled air-sea interactions in the Indian and Pacific oceans. The connection between the seasonal climate trends and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indian and Pacific oceans was demonstrated by the simultaneous correlations between the climate indices (e.g. Dipole Mode Index (DMI) and the Niño3.4 index) and the precipitation over the Sumatera Island. The results suggested that both the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation Index (ENSO) have significant correlation with precipitation. However, remarkable correlations were observed during the fall transition of the IOD event.
INDENTIFYING PATTERNS OF SATTELITE IMAGERY USING AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK Iskhaq Iskandar; Azhar K. Affandi; Dedi Setiabudidaya; Muhammad Irfan; Wijaya Mardiansyah; Fadli Syamsuddin
International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences Vol. 9 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : BRIN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30536/j.ijreses.2012.v9.a1824

Abstract

An artificial neural network analysis based on the self-organizing map (SOM) was used to examine patterns of satellite imagery. This study used 3 × 4 SOM array to extract patterns of satellite-observed chlorophyll-a (chl-a) along the southern coast of the Lesser Sunda Islands from 1998 to 2006. The analyses indicated two characteristic spatial patterns, namely the northwest and the southeast monsoon patterns. The northwest monsoon pattern was characterized by a low chl-a concentration. In contrast, the southeast monsoon pattern was indicated by a high chl-a distributed along the southern coast of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the seasonal variations of those two patterns were related to the variations of winds and sea surface temperature (SST). The winds were predominantly southeasterly (northwesterly) during southeast (northwest) monsoon, drived offshore (onshore) Ekman transport and produced upwelling (downwelling) along the southern coasts of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Consequently, upwelling reduce dSST and helped replenish the surface water nutrients, thus supporting high chl-a concentration. Finally, this study demonstrated that the SOM method was very useful for the identifications of patterns in various satellite imageries.
Co-Authors AA Sudharmawan, AA Aan Johan Wahyudi Adam Darmawan Afdal Agus Dwi Saputra Akmal Johan Aldri Frinaldi ANDY MULYANA Anindya Wirasatriya Anna IS Purwiyanto Apriani, Yosi Arsali Arsali Assaidah, Assaidah Azhar Affandi Azhar K. Affandi Azhar Kholiq Affandi Bahiyah, Amirotul Dedi Setiabudidaya Deni Okta Lestari Dwi Setyawan Eddy, Syaiful Edy Sutriyono Edy Sutriyono Fadli Syamsuddin FAUZIYAH Fitri Agustriani Hadi Hamdi Akhsan Herlambang, Dominikus Krisna Hilda Zulkifli Hilda Zulkifli Indra Yustian Keisuke Mizuno Khairul Saleh Khakim, Mokhamad Yusup Nur Khofaria, Hafizhu Kusuma, Willy Anta Lestrai, Deni Okta Melly Ariska Moh. Rasyid Ridho Mokhamad Yusup Nur Khakim Muhammad Abu Bakar Sidik Muhammad Hendri Muhammad Irfan muhammad irfan Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Nur Nuril Azhar Nurjuliasti Ningsih, Ellis Pradanto Poerwono Puad Maulana Mandailing Putri, Jamiatul Khairunnisa Putriyani, Fena Siska Qurnia Wulan Sari Raden Putra Rendy M. Wahid Rezi Apri Rozirwan . Sabaruddin Kadir Sabaruddin Sabaruddin SABARUDDIN, . Septi Hermialingga Sofian, Ian Mochamad Suhadi Suhadi Suhadi Suhanda, Alfin Supari Supari Supari Supari, Supari Wijaya Mardiansyah Wijaya Mardiansyah Wijaya Mardiansyah Wijaya Mardiansyah Wijaya Mardiansyah Wijaya Mardiansyah, Wijaya Yukio Masumoto Zulfikhar Zulfikhar Zulfikhar, Zulfikhar Zulkifli Dahlan