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Perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan benih tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) akibat perlakuan berbagai dosis NaOCl dan metode pengeringan Denanda Purba; Endang Dwi Purbajanti; Karno Karno
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (163.879 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.2.1.68-78

Abstract

 The purpose of the research was to study the concentration of NaOCl and drying method during the extraction process for germination and growth of tomato seedlings. This study used Completely Randomized Design with two factors with three replicates. The first factor was soaking the seeds with NaOCl concentrations: NaOCl 0% (control), NaOCl 6%, NaOCl 9% and NaOCl 13%. The second factor was the drying methods: without drying (control), natural drying and drying using oven. The parameters observed were germination, seed growth rate, maximum growth potential, leaf size, leaf area, plant height, plant growth rate and relative plant growth rate. The data were analyzed using variance analysis and continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) of 5%. The result of variance analysis showed that immersion treatment using NaOCl and drying method had not given interaction during seed germination and seedling growth. Soaking with 9% NaOCl showed the best result of germination process and seedling growth whereas the best drying method was naturally because it did not cause impermeability of seeds. Keyword : Tomato, seed, drying, NaOCl, seed viability
Induksi mutasi kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) dengan sodium azida pada tanah salin Nurul Fajriyah; Karno Karno; Florentina Kusmiyati
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 3, No 1 (2019): Online
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (169.249 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.3.1.1-8

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ABSTRACT  Mutation is one of plant breeding ways to expand genetic diversity. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the effect of sodium azide mutagen on soybean variety Dering 1 at saline and non-saline soil. The research was arranged in Factorial Design based on Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors. The first factor was doses of Sodium Azide consisted of 0 mM, 0.05 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM, dan 0.4 mM, 0.8 mM, 1.6 mM, 3.2 mM, 6.4 mM, 12.8 mM, and 25.6 mM. The second factor was salinity levels consisted of 0 dS/m, 2 dS/m and 5 dS/m. Parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, number of pods, weight of pod, number of seeds, and weight of seeds per plant on M1 generation. Result showed that lethal dosage (LD) 50 was obtained at 0,663 mM. Sodium azide mutagent caused diversity of plant height, number of leaves at saline and non-saline soil. There was 10 plants and 3 plants that was classified as tolerant and most tolerant at saline soil (2 dS/m) respectively. Keywords : soybean, sodium azide, saline soil ABSTRAK  Mutasi adalah salah satu cara pemuliaan tanaman untuk memperluas kergaman genetik. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh mutagen sodium azida terhadap kedelai varietas Dering 1 pada tanah salin dan non-salin. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan di greenhouse adalah Percobaan Faktorial dengan dasar Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah dosis mutagen kimia Sodium Azide (SA) yang terdiri dari 11 taraf perlakuan yaitu 0 mM, 0,05 mM, 0,1 mM, 0,2 mM, dan 0,4 mM, 0,8 mM, 1,6 mM, 3,2 mM, 6,4 mM, 12,8 mM, 25,6 mM. Faktor kedua adalah tingkat salinitas yaitu 0 dS/m, 2 dS/m dan 5 dS/m. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah polong, berat polong, jumlah biji, dan berat biji per tanaman pada generasi M1. Hasil penlitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis letal median (LD50) diperoleh pada 0,663 mM. Mutagen sodium azida menyebabkan keragaman tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun pada tanah salin dan non-salin. Terdapat 10 tanaman dan 3 tanaman yang masing-masing tergolong tahan dan sangat tahan pada tanah salin (2 dS/m). Kata kunci : kedelai, sodium azida, tanah salin
Karakteristik morfologi dan sitologi tanaman Sutra Bombay (Portulaca grandiflora Hook) hasil poliploidisasi dengan kolkisin pada berbagai konsentrasi dan frekuensi aplikasi Betty Perdana Sari; Karno Karno; Syaiful Anwar
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2154.457 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.1.2.39-48

Abstract

Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora Hook) is one of the ornamental plants and medicinal plants. The purpose of this research was to evaluate cytological and morphological responses of Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora) with colcichine treatment. Colcichine treatment was done with drop method technique in different concentrations and different frequency of application. This research used Completely Randomized Design in 4x3 factorial arrangement and used descriptive analysis to compare diploid plant and tetraploid plant characters. The first factor was variation of cholcichine concentration which were K0 (0%), K1 (0.1%), K2 (0.3%), and K3 (0.6%). The second factor was variation of application frequency which were A1 (2 drop per day for a day), A2 (2 drop per day for 2 days), and A3 (2 drop per day for 3 days). The observed parameters were shoot response by colcichine treatment, number of chromosomes, length and width of stomata, stomata density, stem diameter, flower diameter, plant high, fresh weight, number of branches, and number of leaves. The result showed that Moss Rose’s shoot was intolerant with colcichine treatment in high concentration and long time application. The tetraploid plants was randomly produced by a number of treatment which were 0.1% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days, 0.3% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, and 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days. The shoot’s growth was inhibited. The induced of tetraploid plant in Moss Rose was accompanied by double chromosome number as 2n=4x=36, larger stomata (length and width), lower stomata density, and higher morphological characters. Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora Hook) is one of the ornamental plants and medicinal plants. The purpose of this research was to evaluate cytological and morphological responses of Moss Rose (Portulaca grandiflora) with colcichine treatment. Colcichine treatment was done with drop method technique in different concentrations and different frequency of application. This research used Completely Randomized Design in 4x3 factorial arrangement and used descriptive analysis to compare diploid plant and tetraploid plant characters. The first factor was variation of cholcichine concentration which were K0 (0%), K1 (0.1%), K2 (0.3%), and K3 (0.6%). The second factor was variation of application frequency which were A1 (2 drop per day for a day), A2 (2 drop per day for 2 days), and A3 (2 drop per day for 3 days). The observed parameters were shoot response by colcichine treatment, number of chromosomes, length and width of stomata, stomata density, stem diameter, flower diameter, plant high, fresh weight, number of branches, and number of leaves. The result showed that Moss Rose’s shoot was intolerant with colcichine treatment in high concentration and long time application. The tetraploid plants was randomly produced by a number of treatment which were 0.1% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days, 0.3% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 2 days, and 0.6% colcichine 2 drops for 3 days. The shoot’s growth was inhibited. The induced of tetraploid plant in Moss Rose was accompanied by double chromosome number as 2n=4x=36, larger stomata (length and width), lower stomata density, and higher morphological characters. 
Pengaruh konsentrasi IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) dan BAP (Benzil Amino Purin) terhadap pertumbuhan awal sambung samping Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) Var. Kristal Hendra Pratomo; Karno Karno; Budi Adi Kristanto
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (145.388 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.2.1.29-35

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The purpose of this research was to study the influence of various concentrations of IAA and BAP on early growth budding of guava (Psidium guajava L.) Var. Kristal in side grafting propagation method. The experiment used completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was various concentrations of IAA (0, 100, and 200 ppm) and the second factor was various concentrations of BAP (0, 100, and 200 ppm). Each treatment was repeated three times. Parameters observed were the time of bud break, time of shoot emergence, and shoot length. The data were analyzed by variance and continued analyzed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the level of IAA concentration gave effect (P<0,05) to time of shoot emergence and shoot length. Level of BAP concentrations gave significant effect (P<0,05) to the time of bud break, time of shoot emergence, and shoot length. The interaction between the concentration level of IAA and BAP had significant effect (P<0,05) on the time of bud break, time of shoot emergence and shoot length. Keywords : Guava, Psidium guajava, Side Grafting, IAA, BAP.
Efektivitas penambahan hormon auksin (IBA) dan sitokinin (BAP) terhadap sambung pucuk Alpukat (Persea americana mill.) Pramudito Pramudito; Karno Karno; Eny Fuskhah
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 2, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/joac.2.3.248-253

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of hormone Auxin (IBA) and sitokinin (BAP) and the most effective concentration in graftingof avocado variety mentega. The experiment used completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was various concentrations of IBA (0, 100, and 200 ppm) and the second factor was various concentrations of BAP (0, 100, and 200 ppm). Each treatment was repeated five times. Parameters were time of shoots emergence, shoot length, diameter shoot diameter, and the number of leaves. The data were subjected to analysisof variance and continued by DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). The result showed that the level of IBA concentration gave significant effect (P<0,05) to time of shoot emergence, shoot length, shoot diameter, and the number of leaves. Level of BAP concentrations gavesignificant effect (P<0,05) to number of leaves. There was no interaction between type of auxin and concentration on grafting of avocado variety mentega. Keywords : Avocado, Persea americana, wedge grafting, IBA, BAP.
Pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea l.) dengan inokulasi cendawan mikoriza vesikular-arbuskular dan pemupukan fosfat Disna Afina Faza; Dwi Retno Lukiwati; Karno Karno
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 3, No 1 (2019): Online
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (39.503 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.3.1.48-54

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ABSTRACT  The objective of this research was to study the growth and production of peanut at phosphate fertilization and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (MVA) inoculation. This research was conducted in green house and Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Breeding UNDIP, and Laboratory of Micology UGM from April 16th to August 15th 2017. The research was assigned in completely randomized factorial design with the first factor was the phosphate fertilization control, Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) and rock phosphate (BP) and second factor was without vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (MVA) inoculation and with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (MVA) inoculation. The results showed that TSP fertilizationhad significant effect onplant height, number of pods, weight of pods, weight of seed and total P content of soil. Fertilization of BP had significant effect onnumber of pods, weight of pods, weight of seed, total P content of soil and total P of peanut hay. Inoculation of MVA had significant effect onplant height, number of pods, weight of pods, weight of seed, total P content of soil, percentage of colonization on plant roots and number of MVA spores.Keyword: peanut, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, phosphorus fertilization ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) pada berbagai jenis pemupukan fosfat dan inokulasi cendawan mikoriza vesikular-arbuskular (MVA). Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 16 April – 15 Agustus 2017 di green house dan Laboratorium Fisiologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman UNDIP, serta Laboratorium Mikologi UGM. Penelitian disusun dengan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan faktor pertama adalah kontrol, pemupukan Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), Batuan Fosfat (BP) dan faktor kedua adalah tanpa inokulasi cendawan MVA dan dengan inokulasi cendawan MVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemupukan TSP berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah polong, bobot polong, bobot biji dan kadar P total tanah. Pemupukan BP berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah polong, bobot polong, bobot biji, kadar P total tanah dan kandungan P jerami tanaman kacang tanah. Inokulasi cendawan MVA berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah polong, bobot polong, bobot biji, kadar P total tanah, persentase kolonisasi pada akar tanaman dan jumlah spora cendawan MVA.Kata kunci: kacang tanah, cendawan mikoriza vesikular-aruskular, pemupukan fosfat 
Heterosis, heterobeltiosis, dan aksi gen generasi F1 hasil persilangan kedelai (Glycine max (l.) Merrill) varietas Devon dan Dering Dwi Sulastri; Florentina Kusmiyati; Karno Karno
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 4, No 1 (2020): JOAC Online
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/joac.4.1.1-6

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ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to examine the value of heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and the degree of dominance of F1 generation as a result of crossing soybeans between Devon and Dering varieties. This research was conducted on January 2018 - April 2018 at the Plastic House of Randublatung District, Blora Regency and the Laboratory of Plant Breeding Physiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Agriculture, Diponegoro University, Semarang. This study uses a experimental design single plant  without replication with the randomization method Augmented design. As many as 16 seeds were planted from the Devon x Dering variety, 20 seeds from the Dering x Devon variety, 12 seeds from the Dering variety and 12 seeds from Devon varieties. The results showed that the heterosis and heterobeltiosis values were positive for Devon x Dering crossing occurred in all characters, while Devon x Dering crossing only occurred in the character of the number of seeds and the age of harvest. Positive dominant gene over action occurs in all the characters from Devon x Dering and the character of harvest age at the Dering x Devon crossing.Keywords: dominant, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, soybeans ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji nilai heterosis, heterobeltiosis, dan derajat dominansi generasi F1 hasil persilangan kedelai antara varietas Devon dengan Dering. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal Januari 2018 – April 2018 di Rumah Plastik Kecamatan Randublatung, Kabupaten Blora dan Laboratorium Fisiologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.Penelitianinimenggunakan rancangan percobaan single plant tanpa ulangan dengan metode pengacakan Augmented design. Kedelai yang ditanam sebanyak 16 benih hasil persilangan varietas Devon x Dering, 20 benih hasil persilangan varietas Dering x Devon, 12 benih varietas Dering dan 12 benih varietas Devon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis positif persilangan Devon x Dering terjadi pada semua karakter, sedangkan persilangan Dering x Devon hanya terjadi pada karakter jumlah biji dan umur panen. Aksi gen over dominan positif terjadi pada semua karakter hasil persilangan Devon x Dering dan karakter umur panen pada hasil persilangan Dering x Devon.Kata kunci: dominan, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, kedelai 
Pengaruh jumlah ruas stek dan sumber pupuk nitrogen yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi simplisia tanaman kumis kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus) Astrie Dian Jayanti; Karno Karno; Budi Adi Kristanto
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 3, No 3 (2019): Online
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (144.885 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.3.3.151-158

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh jumlah ruas stek dan sumber pupuk nitrogen yang berbeda pada pertumbuhan dan produksi simplisia tanaman Kumis Kucing(Orthosiphon aristatus). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah jumlah ruas batang stek (3, 5, dan 7 ruas) dan faktor kedua adalah sumber pupuk nitrogen (urea, pupuk kandang ayam, pupuk kandang sapi, dan pupuk kandang kambing). Parameter pertumbuhan yang diamati meliputi panjang tunas total, jumlah daun, dan volume akar. Parameter produksi yang diamati yaitu berat daun (simplisia) segar dan kering. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji berganda Duncan (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah ruas stek mampu meningkatkan panjang tunas total, jumlah daun, dan volume akar. Penggunaan sumber hara nitrogen yang berbeda hanya meningkatkan parameter volume akar. Kedua perlakuan belum mampu meningkatkan produksi simplisia tanaman kumis kucing, serta tidak menunjukkan adanya interaksi pada seluruh parameter penelitian. Kata kunci : Orthosiphon aristatus, Simplisia, Stek, Sumber Nitrogen. 
Efektivitas biokompos dan mikroba konsorsia pendegradasi residu insektisida klorpirifos pada pertanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum l.) Wining Dian Wulansari; Karno Karno; Sri Wahyuni
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 4, No 2 (2020): JOAC Online
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/joac.4.2.97-107

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ABSTRACT The object of this research was to study the effectiveness of biocompos and consortium microbes on the decrease of residual chlorpyrifos insecticide at onion corp. The research was conducted on 11th September to 30th December 2017 at Screen house, Integrated Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Research Center in Pati, and Laboratory Residues of Agrochemical materials in Bogor. The study was compiled with a complete randomized factorial design 2 x 3 and reapeted 4 times. The first factor of biocompos with 2 level of treatment that wasD1 = compost, and D2 = biocompos. The second factor of consortium microbes with 3 level of treatment that was L0 = urea prill, L1 = urea prill enveloped in biochar, and L2 = urea prill enveloped in biochar enriched consortium microbes. The results showed that the treatment of biocompos and consortium microbes significantly affected to the total of leaf, plant weight, the percentage of residual decrease in the soil, and the residual of onion bulbs, and no significant effect on the parameter plant height, the initial residual concentration on the soil, and the final residue concentration on the soil. The use of biocompos with the addition of urea prill enveloped in biochar and consortium microbes, it can decrease residuechlorpyrifos of insecticides on soil and onion bulbs. Keywords: onion, biocompos, consortium microbes, chlorpyrifos ABSTRAK  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji efektivitas biokompos dan mikroba konsorsia terhadap penurunan residu insektisida klorpirifos pada pertanaman bawang merah. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 11 September – 30 Desember 2017 di Rumah Kasa, Laboratorium Terpadu Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian Pati, serta Laboratorium Residu Bahan Agrokimia Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2 x 3 dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Faktor pertama biokompos dengan 2 taraf perlakuan yaitu D1= kompos dan D2= biokompos. Faktor kedua mikroba konsorsia dengan 3 taraf perlakuan yaitu L0= urea prill, L1= urea prill diselimuti biochar, dan L2= urea prill diselimuti biochar diperkaya mikroba konsorsia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perlakuan pupuk dan pelapisan urea berpengaruh nyata pada parameter jumlah daun, berat tanaman, persentase penurunan residu pada tanah, dan residu umbi bawang merah, serta tidak berpengaruh nyata pada parameter tinggi tanaman, konsentrasi residu awal pada tanah, dan konsentrasi residu akhir pada tanah. Penggunaan biokompos dengan penambahan urea prill diselimuti biochar dan mikroba konsorsia secara bersama-sama dapat menurunkan residu insektisida klorpirifos pada tanah dan umbi bawang merah. Kata kunci: bawang merah, biokompos, mikroba konsorsia, klorpirifos 
Efek xenia dan metaxenia pada persilangan tomat ranti dan tomat cherry Natalia Indah Widyasmara; Florentina Kusmiyati; Karno Karno
Journal of Agro Complex Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Department of Agriculture, Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (951.588 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/joac.2.2.128-136

Abstract

Cherry tomato have various colour, shape and nutritious fruit. The aim of this research was to make population for genetic selection and to know about xenia and metaxenia effect on tomato crossing. The crossing was assigned in dialel crossing combination with Ranti tomato, Cherry tomato var. Grape, Red Pear and Indigo Rose as a crossing parents. The crossing combination was Ranti x Grape, Ranti x Red Pear, Ranti x Indigo Rose, Grape x Ranti, Grape x Red Pear, Grape x Indigo Rose, Indigo Rose x Grape, Indigo Rose x Ranti, Indigo Rose x Red Pear. Parameter measured were crossing ability, fruit set ability, fruit ripening age, seed number and fruit shape. The result showed that Grape x Red Pear crossing combination had the highest crossing ability and Indigo Rose x Red Pear had the highest fruit set ability. Xenia and metaxenia effects were showed in fruit ripening age, seed number and fruit shape. Genotype of Red Pear x Indigo Rose was found as superior genotype candidate for ripening age, seed number and had highest percentage of fruit shape alteration. Keywords : Hybridization, xenia, metaxenia, tomato, cherry tomato.