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DEGRADASI SURFAKTAN SODIUM LAURYL SULFAT DENGAN PROSES FOTOKATALISIS MENGGUNAKAN NANO PARTIKEL ZNO Aldila Maretta; Qomarudin Helmy
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol. 21 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtl.2015.21.1.1

Abstrak: Sodium lauryl sulfat (SLS) merupakan salah satu surfaktan anionik yang terkandung di dalam sabun, shampo, deterjen, dan bahan pembersih lainnya. Penggunaan surfaktan SLS dalam aktivitas sehari "“ hari menghasilkan limbah yang mengandung surfaktan SLS yang selanjutnya akan masuk ke dalam lingkungan. Keberadaan SLS pada lingkungan perairan dapat menggangu ekosistem seperti busa yang ditimbulkan dapat menurunkan konsentrasi oksigen terlarut dan dapat mengganggu perkembangbiakan organisme perairan. Diperlukan suatu teknologi pengolahan limbah yang mengandung surfaktan untuk mencegah efek buruk terhadap lingkungan. Fotokatalisis merupakan salah satu solusi dalam mengolah limbah yang mengandung surfaktan khususnya SLS. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menentukan kondisi optimum pada proses fotokatalisis dalam mendegradasi senyawa SLS. Proses fotokatalisis dilakukan menggunakan sinar UV-C dengan panjang gelombang 200 "“ 280 nm dan fotokatalis nano partikel ZnO. Fotokatalis nano partikel ZnO dibuat melalui proses presipitasi dan dilakukan analisis SEM yang menunjukan bahwa fotokatalis ZnO memiliki ukuran partikel yang termasuk dalam skala nano partikel. Kondisi optimum proses fotokatalisis didapat melalui percobaan menggunakan sebuah reaktor batch. Percobaan dilakukan dengan melakukan tiga jenis variasi percobaan yaitu variasi konsentrasi nano partikel ZnO sebesar 0,05, 0,1, 0,2, 0,4, dan 0,8 g. lâˆ’1, variasi pH sebesar 3, 5, 7, 9, dan 11, dan variasi proses yaitu menggunakan nano partikel ZnO saja, nano partikel ZnO dan sinar UV, sinar UV saja, dan tanpa menggunakan fotokatalis nano partikel ZnO maupun sinar UV. Hasil percobaan yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum proses fotokatalisis yaitu menggunakan fotokatalisis nano partikel ZnO dan sinar UV dengan konsentrasi nano partikel ZnO sebesar 0,4 g. lâˆ’1, dan pada pH 9. Kata kunci: surfaktan, sodium lauryl sulfat (SLS), fotokatalisis, sinar UV, nano partikel ZnO, pH. Abstract: Sodium Lauryl Sulfat (SLS) is one of anionic surfactant which is contained in soap, shampoo, detergent, and other cleansers. Using SLS surfactant in daily activities produces wastewater which contains SLS surfactant that will be go into the environment. The presence of SLS surfactant in the water environment can disupt ecosystems such as reducing the dissolved oxygen by the presence of foam and can disrupt organisms breeding. A SLS surfactant wastewater treatment technology is needed to avoid the bad effect to the enviroment. Photocatalytic is one of solution to treat wastewater which contains surfactant especially SLS. The objective of this research is to determine the optimum conditions of photocatalytic process for SLS surfactant degradation. Photocatalytic process has done using UV-C ray with wavelength in range 200 "“ 280 nm and ZnO nano particle as the photocatalyst. ZnO nano particle photocatalyst was made by precipitation process and the SEM anaysis has been done to show that the ZnO photocatalyst has particle size in nano particle scale. The optimum condition of photocatalytic process was obtained by experiment using a batch reactor. The experiment has been done by doing three kind of variations, that are Zno nano particle concentration variations as 0,05, 0,1, 0,2, 0,4, and 0,8 g. âˆ’1, pH variations as 3, 5, 7, 9, amd 11, and process variations as just using ZnO nano particle, using ZnO nano particle and UV ray at the same time, just using UV ray, and without ZnO nano particle photocatalyst and UV ray. The result of the experiments show that the optimum condition of photocatalytic process is using ZnO nano particle photocatalysist and UV ray at the same time with ZnO nano particle concentration as 0,4 g. âˆ’1at pH 9. Keywords: surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), Photocatalytic, UV ray, ZnO nano particle, pH.

IMOBILISASI KULTUR CAMPURAN MIKROBA DAN KARAKTERISTIK AKTIFITASNYA DALAM MENURUNKAN ORGANIK DAN AMONIAK PADA LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK Edwan Kardena; Himawan G Prabowo; Qomarudin Helmy
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol. 26 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.tl.2020.26.1.5

Abstrak. Air limbah domestik yang mengandung senyawa organik dapat berpotensi mencemari lingkungan dan menyebabkan eutrofikasi bila tidak diolah. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi kandungan organik dari air limbah adalah dengan menggunakan IPAL yang memanfaatkan proses biologi. Proses biologi dinilai baik karena kandungan organik dari air limbah dapat berguna untuk pertumbuhan mikroba, operasionalnya murah, dan tidak menghasilkan produk sampingan yang berbahaya. Teknologi pengolahan air limbah secara konvensional umunya menggunakan prinsip pertumbuhan mikroba tersuspensi, adapun perkembangan teknologi pengolahan dewasa ini mengarah pada prinsip pertumbuhan mikroba terlekat, termasuk diantaranya adalah teknologi imobilisasi mikroba. Penggunaan mikroba terimobilisasi ini dinilai memiliki kelebihan yaitu konsentrasi selnya yang tinggi dan mampu berinteraksi dengan lingkungan ekstrim. Pada penelitian ini dibuat imobilisasi mikroba dengan tujuan untuk menurunkan kadar organik dari air limbah domestik, dengan 3 macam variasi penggunaan mikroba terimobilisasi sebanyak 3 g, 6 g, dan 9 g. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reaktor dengan mikroba sebanyak 3 g, 6 g, dan 9 g mampu menurunkan kandungan organik COD dengan efisiensi sebesar 81,3%, 87,5%, dan 87,5%; BOD sebesar 83,96%, 93,75%, dan 93,34%; dan amonia sebesar 71,14%, 75,31%, dan 78,29%. Mikroba campuran yang terjerat dalam matriks alginate serta lama penyimpanan matriks tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah dan viabilitas sel mikroba. Kata kunci: alginat, imobilisasi, kultur campuran, limbah domestic, senyawa organik Abstract. Domestic wastewater that contains organic compounds can potentially pollute the environment and cause eutrophication if not treated. One effort to reduce the organic content of wastewater is to use WWTP which utilizes biological processes. Biological processes are considered good because the organic content of wastewater can be useful for microbial growth, is inexpensive and does not produce harmful byproducts. Conventional wastewater treatment technology generally uses the principle of suspended microbial growth, while the development of treatment technology today leads to the principle of embedded microbial growth, including microbial immobilization technology. The use of immobilized microbes is considered to have advantages, namely high cell concentration and being able to interact with extreme environments. In this study microbial immobilisation was made with the aim of reducing organic content from domestic wastewater, with 3 variations of the use of immobilized microbes of 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g. The results showed that reactors with microbes of 3 g, 6 g and 9 g were able to reduce the organic content of COD with efficiencies of 81.3%, 87.5%, and 87.5%; BOD of 83.96%, 93.75% and 93.34%; and ammonia at 71.14%, 75.31% and 78.29%. Mixed microbes that are trapped in the alginate matrix and the length of storage of the matrix have no significant effect on the number and viability of microbial cells. Keywords: Alginate, domestic wastewater, immobilization, mixed culture, organic compound

Textile Wastewater Post Treatment Using Ozonation Noviani Ima Wantoputri; Qomarudin Helmy; Suprihanto Notodarmojo
Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Vol 18, No 1 (2021): March 2021
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

The textile industry is one of the industries that discharge an enormous quantity of highly colored wastewater because of the large amount of water used in the process. Textile wastewater is the potential to polluting the environment due to the high color contained in it. One of the problems in processing textile wastewater with conventional treatment methods is the ineffectiveness of color removal. A post-treatment is needed for treated wastewater to remove the color. One of the methods is by using the ozonation method. In this preliminary study, the decolorization of artificial textile wastewater containing azo dye reactive-black 5 (RB5) from secondary treatment was investigated in a batch system. Artificial treated textile wastewater from secondary biological treatment was made using 5,26 mg/L azo dye RB5 in 16 L volume of the reactor. The preliminary batch study showed that the optimum color removal achieved in 24.66 mg/minute ozone dose in a batch system with 20,89 mg/minute ozone consumption. Within 5 minutes of ozonation, color removal achieved was 100%, and COD removal achieved was 75%.

Adsorption of Dyes Using Graphene Oxide-Based Nano-Adsorbent: A Review Danar Arifka Rahman; Qomarudin Helmy; Mindriany Syafila; Andri Gumilar
Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Vol 19, No 2 (2022): July 2022
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Graphene Oxide (GO) based adsorbents have attracted much attention from researchers because there have been many reports that they are effective for removing dyes from aqueous environments. That is because GO has good mechanical, electrical, optical and chemical properties, so graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide, have been used in various applications in the field of environmental management. Modifying GO into nano size is an effort to improve its performance in removing dyes. This review uses a database from Science Direct, Google Scholar and Springer, which was screened using graphene oxide, pigments, adsorption and nano adsorbent. The performance of the nano adsorbent showed quite good results in the removal of dyes. The isotherm model suitable for adsorption varies between Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. Pseudo-second-order (PSO) is the best model to explain the adsorption process kinetics. Nano-adsorbent modification can be reused at least five times with a reduced adsorption capacity of 4-8%. Studies related to adsorption with GO-based nano adsorbents show promising results in pollutant removal. Still, aspects such as synthesis method, surface functional groups interaction and dye ions and the stability of synthesis products need to be investigated further.

Methylene Blue Adsorption by Activated Carbon and Nano–Activated Carbon from Biomass Waste: A Review Mindriany Syafila; Qomarudin Helmy; Akhmad Masykur Hadi Musthofa
Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan Vol 19, No 3 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Dyes are becoming increasingly prevalent in wastewater, and their presence caused serious threats to the environment. One of the most widely used dyes is methylene blue which has been used in the textile industry to dye cotton, wool, and silk. As a solution to this problem, using biomass (usually considered agricultural or plantation waste) as activated carbon is an important issue. Because based on previous studies, these materials are not only abundant and affordable but also have high efficiency in removing dye. Therefore, this paper will provide a further review of the latest research on the use of activated carbon from biomass as an adsorbent for methylene blue, which includes the conversion process of biomass into activated carbon, the mechanism of methylene blue adsorption, the factors that influence adsorption process, and the characteristics of activated carbon. In addition, it also reviewed the implementation of nanotechnology on activated carbon from biomass to adsorb with methylene blue.

Heat Transfer Analysis and Water Quality in Saline Water Desalination Using Solar Energy in Vacuum Condition Riana Ayu Kusumadewi; Suprihanto Notodarmodjo; Qomarudin Helmy
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Volume 2, Number 1, October 2018
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

The continues deficiency of consumable water is a significant issue in developing countries, and contaminated water can result in various diseases, which are often lethal. Solar desalination seems to be a promising method and alternative way for supplying fresh water. Aim: The aim of this research is to study heat transfer in desalination system and the quality of feed water, distilled water and brine compared to the quality standard. Feed water consists of salinity 12‰ and 38‰ salinity. Methodology and Result: At first, initial characterization of feed water was conducted, then temperature on fourteen points was measured using thermocouples and thermometer so heat transfer rate can be calculated. After that, the final characterization of water production was conducted. From the observation, it was found that evaporative heat transfer for vacuum pressure of -0.05, -0.1, -0.15, -0.2, -0.25, and -0.3 bar respectively were 173.77, 180.07, 190.79, 481.66, 242.57, and 246.24 W/m2. The result of water quality test of distilled water produced from saline water desalination for some parameters respectively were pH 7.4; turbidity 2.73 NTU; TDS 27.45 mg/L; chloride 84.98 mg/L; Fe 2.13 mg/L; total hardness 0.1698 mg/L; and Escherichia coli 12 cell/mL . Conclusion, significance and impact study: It can be concluded that distilled water produced by desalination system was met drinking water quality standard according to Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010.

Organic Pollutant Biodegradation by an Immobilized Mixed Bacterial Culture : Biodegradasi Polutan Organik oleh Kultur Bakteri Campuran Amobil Edwan K; Qomarudin Helmy
Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol. 28 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.tl.2022.28.2.2

Pollution of organic compounds in rivers is generally contributed by wastewater discharge from human activities e.g. untreated black- & greywater, livestock farming, and industry. Without proper control of this waste generation, the river ecosystem will suffer if just rely on its self-purification and dilution by natural runoff to reduce the downstream effect. This research aimed to treat organic wastewater with an immobilized mixed bacterial culture. Immobilization was carried out using calcium alginate in a form of macrocapsule/beads, allowing the degrader microbe to be entrapped in its matrix thus preventing it from washout from the system. 3% (w/v) sodium alginate was mixed with 5 mg (dry) mixed culture and dropwise on 4% (w/v) calcium chloride solution. The results showed that immobilized microbes were still able to grow despite being entangled in a calcium alginate matrix with an initial growth of 6.1 x 105 to 7.4 x 107 colonies/grams and reduced COD content up to 68.3%. Degrader microbe immobilization offers considerable advantages compared to free/ suspended cell system due to the influence of river water flow.

Effect of Activated Carbon Particle Size on Methylene Blue Adsorption Process in Textile Wastewater Akhmad Masykur Hadi Musthofa; Mindriany Syafila; Qomarudin Helmy
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.79784

Up to 60–70% of the total textile dyes produced are azo dyes. An example of azo dye is methylene blue, which is commonly used in dyeing wool, silk, and cotton. This substance possessed harmful effects on the environment. Therefore, the removal process is mandatory. The adsorption process is a common method for dye removal in wastewater. One innovation to increase adsorption efficiency even further is by reducing adsorbent particle size. To understand the effect of adsorbent particle size on the adsorption process, in this study, granular activated carbon (GAC) was pulverized into powder (PAC) and superfine powder (SPAC). Adsorbent characterizations, isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics tests were conducted. Based on this study, surface area, pore volume, and adsorption capacity were increased for smaller adsorbent particle sizes. Isotherm and kinetic analysis showed that there was no difference in the isotherm and kinetic models that applied to each activated carbon, but there was an increase in the isotherm and kinetic coefficient values at smaller particle sizes. Meanwhile, based on the thermodynamic test, there were differences in the dominant adsorption mechanism for each activated carbon. In GAC and SPAC, the dominant adsorption mechanism was electrostatic interactions, while in PAC was van der Waals forces.

Adsorption of Crystal Violet with Magnetic Graphene Oxide Nano Adsorbent Synthesized from Schima wallichii Wood Danar Arifka Rahman; Mindriany Syafila; Qomarudin Helmy
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 24, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.80894

The textile industry continues to experience production developments to reach a target for the country's economic development. The increase in production leads to an increase in the amount of waste generated. Dyes such as crystal violet (CV) in textile wastewater are toxic and difficult to remove by conventional treatment. Adsorption with nano adsorbent has been widely researched and developed to remove dyes in the environment because it has various advantages. Magnetic graphene oxide (GO-Fe3O4) as a006E adsorbent has been widely studied because it has a large surface area, strong chemical bonds and is easily separated from the aqueous phase. Puspa (Schima wallichii) wood has the potential to be used as a natural source of graphite. The characterization of the adsorbent was tested with FTIR, SEM-EDS, and BET. The equilibrium time for the adsorption process was 20 min, while the optimum adsorbent dose was 0.04 g. Adsorption isotherm and kinetics analysis showed that CV adsorption using MGO followed Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Thermodynamic studies displayed that the CV adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous. The results of this study suggested that the adsorption of CV using GO-Fe3O4 nano adsorbent from S. wallichii wood proceeds by chemisorption and physisorption.

Heat Transfer Analysis and Water Quality in Saline Water Desalination Using Solar Energy in Vacuum Condition Riana Ayu Kusumadewi; Suprihanto Notodarmodjo; Qomarudin Helmy
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Volume 2, Number 1, October 2018
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v2i1.3556

The continues deficiency of consumable water is a significant issue in developing countries, and contaminated water can result in various diseases, which are often lethal. Solar desalination seems to be a promising method and alternative way for supplying fresh water. Aim: The aim of this research is to study heat transfer in desalination system and the quality of feed water, distilled water and brine compared to the quality standard. Feed water consists of salinity 12‰ and 38‰ salinity. Methodology and Result: At first, initial characterization of feed water was conducted, then temperature on fourteen points was measured using thermocouples and thermometer so heat transfer rate can be calculated. After that, the final characterization of water production was conducted. From the observation, it was found that evaporative heat transfer for vacuum pressure of -0.05, -0.1, -0.15, -0.2, -0.25, and -0.3 bar respectively were 173.77, 180.07, 190.79, 481.66, 242.57, and 246.24 W/m2. The result of water quality test of distilled water produced from saline water desalination for some parameters respectively were pH 7.4; turbidity 2.73 NTU; TDS 27.45 mg/L; chloride 84.98 mg/L; Fe 2.13 mg/L; total hardness 0.1698 mg/L; and Escherichia coli 12 cell/mL . Conclusion, significance and impact study: It can be concluded that distilled water produced by desalination system was met drinking water quality standard according to Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010.

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