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Permeability Study of Several Soil Types in Kwala Bekala Field Trials USU Through Laboratory and Field Test Nanda Akbar Siregar; Sumono Sumono; Achwil Putra Munir
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 1, No 4 (2013): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Permeability of the soil is one of the important factor in designing drainage channels. The difference in the value of the permeability of the soil in the laboratory and in the field is due to of the different conditions in the test procedure. This study was aimed to determine the value of the rate of soil permeability on Andepts, Inceptisol, and the Ultisol through laboratory and field testing. Results of laboratory studies showed the value of the permeability rate was 1.34 cm/h at Andepts, 3.20 cm/h at g Inceptisol, and 1.06 cm/h at Ultisol. The field results showed that value of the permeability rate was 1.26 cm/h at Andepts, 2.23 cm/h at Inceptisol, and 0.98 cm/h at Ultisol. Factors affecting the value of the permeability differences among the three types of ground, among others, were the depth and the effective porosity of the soil. Difference in the value of soil permeability results in the laboratory and in the field was because of the thickness of the soil. Key Words: Permeability, Effective Depth, Porosity, Drainage.

Design of Pineapple Peeler with Manual Press System Nando Edi Pramono Lingga; Achwil Putra Munir; Nazif Ichwan
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 2, No 4 (2014): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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The handling of pineapple after harvest in skin peeling on farmer level generally are done manually by knife. Therefore, to overcome this weaknesses and disadvantages, a semi mechanic pineapple skin peeler was design that could peels the pineapple skin faster than manually, so it could made the work capacity increased, more neat peeling results, reducing the labor and can be used by anyone. The research was done by study of literature and observing the pineapple skin peeler with press manual system. Then designing the shape and coupling the components of the pineapple skin peeler. The pineapple skin peeler capacity for 11 cm, 10 cm and 7,5 cm blades diametre before honed were 139,76; 143,26; 149,25 pineapples per hour respectively. The pineapple skin peeler capacity for 11 cm, 10 cm, 7,5 cm blade diametre after honed were 143,47; 144,57; and 150,76 pineapples per hour respectively. Keywords : Blade, equipment design, pineapple skin peeler

The Study of Seepage Coefficient on Tertiary Irrigation Canals in The Sei Beras Sekata Village, Irrigation Area Medan Krio, Sunggal District of Deli Serdang Ika Sundari; Sumono Sumono; Achwil Putra Munir
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 2, No 4 (2014): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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In distribution of irrigation water through tertiary canal which is land canal, water losses can occur through evapotranspiration, percolation, and seepage of the canal, there by effecting the efficiency of water distribution. From the third factors of water losses the seepage coefficient is more difficult to determine. This research was aimed to study the value of the seepage coefficient using empirical formulas in two tertiary canals in Sei Beras Sekata village Medan Krio irrigation area, Sunggal district of Deli Serdang. The results showed that seepage coefficient in the right edge of the first canal was 8899,2 mm/day, at the left edge was 26697,6 mm/day; at the right edge of second canal was 78796,8 mm/day and at the left edge was 23241,6 mm/day. Efficiency on first that canal and second canal were 73,93% and 71,03% respectively. Key Word: Seepage coefficient,tertiary canal, water conveyance efficiency, water loss

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGUPAS KULIT TANDUK KOPI MEKANIS (Design and Construction of Coffee Bean Huller) Annisa Fatin Amran; Achwil Putra Munir; Lukman Adlin Harahap
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT The hulling of coffee bean is one of important processes in affecting the quality of green beans before roasted and grinded. The purpose of this research was to design, build, test and analyze the economic value of coffee bean huller. The parameters observed were working capacity, percentage of broken bean, percentage of unpeeled bean, percentage of bean left in huller and economic analysis. Based on this research, it was summarized that the working capacity of the equipment was 29,411 kg/hour, the percentage of broken bean was 12,534 %, the percentage of unpeeled bean was 5,3 % and the percentage of bean left in huller was 0,7 %. Economic analysis was as follows: basic costs for the first to the fifth year was Rp 400,033/kg, Rp 401,118/kg, Rp 402,284/kg, Rp 403,538/kg and Rp 404,888/kg respectively. Break even point (BEP) for the first to the fifth year was 3745,768 kg, 3951,157 kg, 4172,021 kg, 4409,455 kg and 4664,963 kg respectively. Internal rate of return (IRR) was 46,47%. Keywords: coffee, huller, machine ABSTRAK Pengupasan kulit tanduk kopi merupakan salah satu proses yang penting dalam menentukan kualitas biji kopi sebelum disangrai dan digiling. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang, membuat, menguji serta menganalisis nilai ekonomis alat pengupas kulit tanduk kopi mekanis. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kapasitas kerja alat, persentase biji pecah, persentase biji tidak terkupas, persentase biji tertinggal di dalam alat dan analisis ekonomi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kapasitas kerja alat sebesar 29,411 kg/jam, persentase biji pecah sebesar 12,534 %, persentase biji tidak terkupas 5,3 %, persentase biji tertinggal di dalam alat 0,7 %. Analisis ekonomi, biaya pokok untuk tahun pertama sampai tahun kelima berturut-turut yaitu Rp 400,033/kg, Rp 401,118/kg, Rp 402,284/kg, Rp 403,538/kg dan Rp 404,888/kg. Nilai titik impas (BEP) untuk tahun pertama sampai tahun kelima sebanyak 3745,768 kg, 3951,157 kg, 4172,021 kg, 4409,455 kg dan 4664,963 kg. Internal rate of return (IRR) sebesar 46,47 %. Kata kunci: kopi, alat pengupas, mesin

UJI MATA PISAU PADA ALAT PEMBUAT BUBUR KERTAS (Test of Blade Eedged of Paper Pulp Maker) Doli Arlando Manik; Saipul Bahri Daulay; Achwil Putra Munir
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT Processing of recycled paper is solution to sustain the environment,as the recycling of paper can be made from the natural fiber, as from the paper waste which is then converted into a piece of a new paper or thing that has value to sell. The research was aimed to test the effect of the number of blade edge on the unshreded paper, pulp yield and cutting power of the pulp maker. The parameters observed were the percentage of unshreded paper, pulp yield and cutting power. The result of the research show either the percentage of on shreded paper was 3.05%, pulp yield 90.08% and cutting power was 1,48 Hp. Keywords: Paper waste, Water, Processing, Blade edged. ABSTRAK Pengolahan daur ulang kertas menjadi solusi untuk menjaga lingkungan, sebab pembuatan kertas daur ulang selain dapat dibuat dari serat alami dapat pula menggunakan kertas limbah yang kemudian diubah menjadi selembar kertas baru maupun menjadi benda yang mempunyai nilai jual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh jumlah mata pisau terhadap persentase bahan tidak tercacah, rendemen pulp dan daya pemotongan yang dihasilkan pada alat pembuat bubur kertas. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase bahan tidak tercacah, rendemen pulp dan daya pemotongan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase tidak tercacah sebesar 3,05% dengan 90,08% rendemen pulp dan dengan 1,48 Hp daya pemotongan. Kata kunci : kertas, bubur kertas, alat pembuat bubur kertas.

MODIFIKASI ALAT PENGUPAS SABUT KELAPA MEKANIS (Modification of Mechanical Coconut Fiber Peeler) Annisa Purnamasari Damanik; Achwil Putra Munir; Lukman Adlin Harahap
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 1 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT Coconut plant is a plant of life, because all its parts can be utilized to meet human needs. This study was aimed to determine the effective capacity of Mechanical Coconut Fiber Peeler and its modification using human anthropometry. This research was conducted in August until Oktober 2015 in the Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, Medan, by literature study, testing equipment and parameters observation. Parameters measured were effective capacity and economic analisis. The results showed that the highest capacity after modification was 170,61 fruits/hour and the lowest capacity before modification was 145,45 fruits/hour. The highest main cost before modification in fifth year was Rp 166,652/fruit and the lowest main cost after modification in the first year was Rp 141,268/fruit. The highest BEP before modification in the fifth year was 6.366,248 fruits and the lowest after modification in the first year was 3.713,454 fruits. The highest NPV 7,5% after modification was Rp 256.177.017,22 and the lowest NPV 7,5% before modification was Rp 195.203.600,12. The highest IRR before modification was 55,06% and the lowerst IRR after modification was 48,61%. Key words: agricultural machinery, coconut fiber, peeler. ABSTRAK Tanaman kelapa merupakan tanaman kehidupan, karena keseluruhan bagiannya dapat dimanfaatkan manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kapasitas efektif alat pengupas sabut kelapa mekanis dan memodifikasi alat pengupas sabut kelapa mekanis dengan analisis antropometri manusia. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2015 di Laboratorium Keteknikan Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan dengan cara studi literatur, pengujian alat dan pengamatan parameter. Parameter yang diamati adalah kapasitas efektif alat dan analisis ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas tertinggi pada alat setelah modifikasi yaitu 170,61 buah/jam dan kapasitas terendah terdapat pada alat sebelum modifikasi yaitu 145,45 buah/jam. Biaya pokok tertinggi pada alat sebelum modifikasi pada tahun kelima sebesar Rp 166,652/buah dan terendah pada alat setelah modifikasi pada tahun pertama sebesar Rp 141,268/buah. BEP tertinggi pada alat sebelum modifikasi pada tahun kelima sebesar 6.366,248 buah dan terendah pada alat setelah modifikasi pada tahun pertama sebesar 3.713,454 buah. NPV 7,5% tertinggi pada alat setelah modifikasi sebesar Rp 256.177.017,22 dan terendah pada alat sebelum modifikasi sebesar Rp 195.203.600,12. IRR tertinggi pada alat sebelum modifikasi sebesar 55,06% dan terendah pada alat setelah modifikasi sebesar 48,61%. Kata Kunci: alat dan mesin pertanian, sabut kelapa, pengupas

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENCACAH LIMBAH PERTANIAN (Design and Construction of Agriculture Waste Grater) Doni Apriano Purba; Achwil Putra Munir; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRAK Perhatian masyarakat terhadap soal pertanian dan lingkungan beberapa tahun terakhir ini menjadi meningkat. Keadaan ini disebabkan karena semakin meningkatnya dampak negatif yang berasal dari lingkungan jika dibandingkan dengan dampak positifnya bagi peningkatan produktivitas tanaman pertanian. Alat pencacah limbah pertanian adalah sebuah alat yang berfungsi sebagai penghancur bahan organik seperti dedaunan, rumput-rumputan, ranting kecil pohon, dan pelepah pohon dengan cara mencacahnya sampai dengan ukuran kecil-kecil. Alat pencacah limbah pertanian ini tidak hanya berguna sebagai pencacah sampah organik sebagai pupuk, melainkan dedaunan atau rerumputan dapat dicacah sebagai pakan untuk ternak.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kapasitas efektif alat 110,39kg/jam. Biaya pokok sebesar Rp. 228,275/kg untuk tahun pertama, Rp.228,590/kg untuk tahun kedua, Rp. 228,928/kg untuk tahun ketiga, Rp. 229,291/kg untuk tahun keempat, Rp. 229,681/kg untuk tahun kelima. BEP sebanyak 14.932 kg pada tahun pertama, 15.738 kg pada tahun kedua, 16.604 kg pada tahun ketiga, 17.535 kg pada tahun keempat, 18.535 kg pada tahun kelima. IRR sebesar 45,46% Kata kunci : rancang bangun alat, pencacahan, limbah pertanian. ABSTRACT Public attention to the agricultural and environmental problems in the last few years was increased. This situation was caused by the increasingly negative impact from the environment, compared to positive impact of the productivity of agricultural crops. This agriculture waste grater is an equipment that work as a chopper of organic material such as leaves, grass, small twigs of trees, and the stem by chopping them up into a small sizes. The equipment is not only useful to chop organic waste into fertilizer, but can be used as feed for livestock.The results showed that the effective capacity of the equipment was 110,39kg/hour. Primary cost wasRp. 228,275/kg for the first year, Rp.228,590/kg for the second year, Rp. 228,928/kg for the third year, Rp. 229,291/kg for the fourth year, and Rp. 229,681/kg for the fifth year. BEP was 14.932 kg in the first year, 15.738 kg in the second year, 16.604kg in the third year, 17.535 kg in the fourth year and 18.535 kg in the fifth year. The IRR was 45,46%. Keywords: equipment design, grater, agriculture waste.

MODIFIKASI ALAT PENYANGRAI KOPI MEKANIS TIPE ROTARI (Modification of Mechanical Coffee Roasters Equipment Rotary Type) Khoirul Ajmi Siregar; Achwil Putra Munir; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT Roasting isan important stepin the production ofcoffee powder, where inthe formation ofaromaanddistinctiveflavourof coffeeis enhancedat this stage. From nationalproductionof coffee beans,only 20% areprocessed andmarketedin the form ofsecondaryproductssuch as roastedcoffee, ground coffeeand instant coffee. This studywas plan to modifymechanicalcoffeeroastersequipment rotarytype. The study was conductedwith literature study, experiment, observationand testingof theequipment. Parameters observed were the effective capacity ofthe equipmentand economic analysis.Based on this research, it was summarized that the effective capacity of the equipment was 2.96kg/hour. The economic analysis was as follows: basic costs for the first to the fifth year wereRp. 6703,04/kg, Rp. 6713,34/kg, Rp. 6724,63/kg, Rp. 6736,76/kgandRp. 6749,81/kg respectively. The break even pointwas 264,54 kg/year. The net present value was Rp. 125.277.927. The internalrate of returnwas 50%. Keywords:postharvestequipment, coffee, roasting, effectivecapacity ABSTRAK Proses penyangraian adalah tahapan penting dalam produksi kopi bubuk, dimana pembentukan aroma dan cita rasa khas kopi ditentukan pada tahapan ini. Dari produksi biji kopi nasional hanya 20% yang diolah dan dipasarkan dalam bentuk produk kopi skunder seperti kopi sangrai, kopi bubuk dan kopi cepat saji. Penelitian ini adalah sebuah modifikasi alat penyangrai kopi mekanis tipe rotari. Penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik studi literatur, melakukan eksperimen, pengamatan dan pengujian terhadap alat. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kapasitas efektif alat, dan analisis ekonomi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kapasitas efektif alat sebesar 2.96 kg/jam. Analisis ekonomi, biaya pokok untuk tahun pertama sampai tahun kelima berturut-turut yaitu Rp. 6703,04/kg, Rp. 6713,34/kg, Rp. 6724,63/kg, Rp. 6736,76/kg dan Rp. 6749,81/kg. Break even point yaitu sebesar 264,54 kg/tahun. Net present value sebesar Rp. 125.277.927. Internal rate of return adalah sebesar 50%. Kata kunci:alat pasca panen, kopi, penyangraian, kapasitas efektif.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PEMBUAT BUBUR KERTAS (Design And Construction Of Pulp Maker) Jerry Simanjuntak; Saipul Bahri Daulay; Achwil Putra Munir
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT Calefaction was done to fragment waste paper into pulp with a certain degree of smallness to be more easily processed into other products. Paper calefaction was aimed to facilitate paper forming back. This research was aimed to design, create and test pulp maker. The parameters observed were the effective capacity of the tools and economic analysis . The results showed that the effective capacity of the equipment was 16,67 kg/hour. Basic cost to be incurred in paper calefaction with the equipment was Rp. 846,42/kg in the 1st year, Rp. 792,01/kg in 2nd year, Rp. 773,91/kg in the 3nd, Rp. 768,89/kg in the 4th and Rp. 759,46/kg in the 5th year. The equipment would reach the break even point if the amount of paper calefected was 316,86kg/year. Net present value of the equipment with an interest rate of 7,5% was Rp. 650.793.843,9 which meant that the business was feasible to run. The internal rate of returns was 41,36%. Key words: paper, pulp, pulp maker ABSTRAK Peleburan kertas dilakukan untuk menghaluskan kertas bekas menjadi bubur kertas dengan tingkat kehalusan tertentu agar lebih mudah diolah menjadi produk lain. Peleburan kertas bertujuan untuk mempermudah pengerjaan dalam membentuk kertas kembali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain, membuat dan menguji alat pembuat bubur kertas. Parameter yang diamati adalah kapasitas efektif alat dan analisis ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kapasitas efektif alat 16,67 kg/jam. Biaya pokok yang dikeluarkan dalam peleburan kertas dengan alat ini adalah Rp. 846,42/kg tahun ke-1, Rp. 792,01/kg tahun ke-2, Rp. 773,91/kg tahun ke-3, Rp. 768,89/kg tahun ke-4 dan Rp. 759,49/kg tahun ke-5. Alat ini akan mencapai nilai break even point apabila telah meleburkan kertas sebanyak 316,86 kg/tahun. Net present value alat ini dengan suku bunga 7,5% adalah Rp. 650.793.843,9 yang berarti usaha ini layak dijalankan. Internal rate of return pada alat ini adalah 41,36%. Kata kunci : kertas, bubur kertas, alat pembuat bubur kertas.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGUPAS BUAH DURIAN SISTEM PRESS MANUAL (Design of Manual Press Durian Fruit Peeler ) Harris Maulana Harahap; Achwil Putra Munir; Ainun Rohanah
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 5, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT Developments in science and technology is very rapiding pushing the development of equipment and agricultural machinery to improve post-harvest production. This research was aimed to design, create, test an analyze the economic value of manual press durian fruit peeler. The observed parameters that were effective capacity and economic analyze. The results showed that the effective capacity of the equipment was 633.015 pieces/hour. Basic cost incurred in stripping fruit durian was Rp. 619.2 kg/day. This equipment would achieve the break even point when it peeled durian fruit as much as 14704.37 kg. Net present value of this iinstrument with an interest ret of 6% was Rp. 113,749,581.19 which means that the business was feasible to run. The internal rate of return on this equipment was 45.59%. Key word : durian, durian fruit peeler. ABSTRAK Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang sangat pesat mendorong untuk dilakukannya pengembangan alat dan mesin pertanian guna meningkatkan produksi pascapanen. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mendesain, membuat, menguji, dan menganalisis nilai ekonomis alat pengupas buah durian sistem press manual. Parameter yang diamati adalah kapasitas efektif alat dan analisis ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kapasitas efektif alat 63,015 buah/jam. Biaya pokok yang dikeluarkan dalam pengupasan buah durian dengan alat ini adalah Rp. 619,2 kg/hari. Alat ini akan mencapai nilai break even point apabila telah mengupas buah durian sebanyak 14704,37 kg. Net present value alat ini dengan suku bungan 6% adalah Rp 113.749.581,19 yang berarti usaha ini layak dijalankan. Internal rate of return pada alat ini adalah 45,59%. Kata kunci : durian, alat pengupas buah durian.

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