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Food crops information systems in Kabupaten Karo (rice and pulses) Gunawan Simon Purba; Saipun Bahri Daulay; Adian Rindang; Riswanti Sigalingging
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 1, No 1 (2013): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

Food crops information systems in Kabupaten Karo (rice and pulses), still manual/conventional and still less effective and in efficient. To overcome the inferiority, we need a system that can deliver the information in a timely and accurately. Information systems in food crops (rice and pulses) web-based solution that is right. Information systems web-based food commodities was containing information about the condition and potential of  food crops. The system was designed based on the  user needs using the PHP programming language, MySQL database and the web Apache web server using rapid application development (RAD), which was a very short development method with quick application technique
Test Type's Knife In Tools Fruit Pickers Sari Azhira Siregar; Saipul Bahri Daulay; Sulastri Panggabean; Riswanti Sigalingging
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 1, No 1 (2013): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

This study is on a test of the type of blade ofl fruit picker tool. This study was conducted to test the type ofblade of fruit picker tool using tamarind , melinjo, and  rambutan trees to determine the effective capacity,field capacity, percentage of defects of the tool and the level of operator fatigue. The research was conductedin Tridharma,  A. H. Nasution and Bunga Mawar Roads from February to August 2012 with tworeamentsnamely blade and fruit. Blade disc, blade star, blade rotary and rambutan, melinjo and tamarind.The results showed that various type of blade had highly significant effect the field capacity and thepercentage of damaged fruit but had no significant effects on the the effective capacity of the tool. Fruit  typehad significant effect on the  field capacity. The best type of blade of was disc blade with 16.91 kg h and percentage of 4.90% the smallest percentage of fruit damage found in melinjo with disc blade that is equa1,5%.-1
Effect of Material Smootheness and Concentration adhesive in Palm Oil solid Waste Briquette Making Riswanti Sigalingging; Ainun Rohana
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 1, No 1 (2013): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

Palm oil mill solid waste resulting from CPO production process is channeled into pond waste (Cooling Fond I). It is usually thrown to the ground so that it can contaminate the environment because it still contains waste oil. This study was aim to utilize the oil palm waste as briquettes. Briquettes is one of the alternative to replace oil. Research was done by completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors i.e : material fineness (20, 30, and 40 mesh) and adhesive  concentration (20, 30, and 40%). Parameters observed were calorific value,  heating time, oil volume, and sootness. The results showed that the material fineness had a highly significant effect on the caloric value, heating time, sootness and had no effect on the volume of oil. Adhesive concentration had a highly significant effect on the calorific value, heating time and had no effect on the volume of oil and sootness. The best treatment combination was K2P1 (thirty mesh material fineness and twenty percent adhesive concentration) with equipment caloric value of 18973,81 kal/gr, 56,57 minute heating time, and 2,25 gr sootness.
Testing The Number of Sprocket Groove on Coconut Fiber Mechanical Peeler Rafael Gunawan Silaban; Achwil Putra Munir; Riswanti Sigalingging
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 1, No 2 (2013): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

This study is aimed at testing the number of sprocket groove on coconut fiber mechanical peeler. The study was conducted to determine the number of sprocket groove to get optimal effectiveness of equipment, the percentage of material that is not peeled and less broken yield and the amount of power needed. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural engineering, University of North Sumatra in April-June 2012 using the of non-factorial randomized block design using number of sprocket grooves of 27, 29, and 31 pieces. Observed parameters was the effective capacity of the tool, the percentage of material and broken pieces and the amount of  power  needed to strip the coconut husk. The results showed that the number of sprocket groove significantly affected the effective capacity and had no effect on the percentage of defect peeling and broken pieces. The highest effective capacity was obtained on sprocket groove of 27 pieces i.e 537 coconut / hour and the percentage of unpeeled material and broken pieces was 11%. Key words: The number of sprocket groove, coconut fiber peeler.
PEMANFAATAN ABU SABUT KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) DAN PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SIKACIM CONCRETE ADDITIVE PADA PEMBUATAN BATAKO (The Utilization of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Hush Ash and Effect of Sikacim Concrette Additive in making of brick) Eka Trikarlina; Riswanti Sigalingging; Achwil Putra Munir
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

ABSTRACT   Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is tropical native plants and can be found throughout Indonesia, so that the plant can also cause negative such as piles of organic waste in the form of coconut husk ash and coconut shells. This study aimed to determine the utilization of such waste in the form of ash to reduce some of the use of cement in the manufacture of bricks with percentage of coconut husk ash and the number of different sikacim. This study was conducted at Concrete Laboratory,  Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sumatera Utara from April to June 2017. This study used a complete 2 factorial randomized design. The first factor was the composition of the coconut husk ash which consists of 3 levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%) and the second factor was the combustion temperature of coconut husk ash which consists of 2 levels (700oC and 900oC). The result showed that A1B2 (2.5% level at 900oC) was the best treatment and according to Indonesia National Standard (SNI) the quality of A1B2 was gade I , with the compressive strength value was 14 MPa and the absorption value was 0.92%, for the initial setting time value was 85.4 minutes and the final setting time value was120 minutes, respectively.   Keywords: Bricks, Coconut Hush Ash, And Sikacim ABSTRAK   Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) merupakan tanaman asli daerah tropis dan dapat ditemukan di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, sehingga tanaman tersebut juga dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti tumpukan limbah organik yang berupa sabut kelapa dan batok kelapa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan limbah tersebut dalam bentuk abu untuk mengurangi sebagian penggunaan semen pada pembuatan batako dengan persentase penggunaan abu sabut kelapa dan jumlah sikacim yang berbeda. Penelitian di lakukan di Laboratorium Benton, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sumatera Utara dari bulan April sampai Juni 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap 2 faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah komposisi abu sabut kelapa yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu: (0%, 2,5%, 5%) dan faktor kedua adalah suhu pembakaran abu sabut kelapa yang terdiri dari 2 taraf, yaitu: (700oC dan 900oC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa batako pada perlakuan A1B2 (taraf 2,5% pada suhu 900oC) merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk parameter kuat tekan dan absorbsi, berada pada mutu I dan memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dengan nilai kuat tekan sebesar 14 MPa dan absorbsi sebesar 0,92%, sedangkan nilai waktu ikat awal  85,4 menit dan nilai waktu ikat akhir 120 menit.   Kata Kunci: Batako, Abu Sabut Kelapa, Dan Sikacim
UJI PERBANDINGAN KOMPOSISI KERTAS DAUR ULANG BERBAHAN DASAR SAMPAH ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK (Comparative Test of Recycled Paper Composition Made from Organic and inorganic Waste) Indri Tamara Pulungan; Riswanti Sigalingging; Saipul Bahri Daulay
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 1 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

ABSTRACT   The amount of waste in Indonesia is increasing every year, especially paper and plastic waste. Therefore, special handling is needed to reduce the amount of waste produced. The paper production from organic and inorganic waste is an ideal way to overcome the problem. This research aimed to determine the appropriate composition of raw materials in the processing of recycled paper using leaf, plastic and paper waste as materials. This study was conducted in March to July 2017 at the Agricultural Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara and the testing of tensile strength, water absorbency and tearing resistance was done at the Large Hall of Pulp and Paper, Bandung. The method used was an entirely randomized design with 2 factors which were the differences in composition and the type of leaf. The parameters observed were gramature, tensile strength, water absorbency, and tearing resistance. The result showed that the waste composition influenced on the gramature, tensile strength, water absorbency, and tearing resistance. Paper produced was categorized as art paper with the best result was KPS2 i.e 65% paper waste, 5% plastic waste, and 30% mustard with 480 g/m2 gramature value, 2.77 kN/m tensile strength value, 486.7 g/m2 water absorbency value, and >1600 mN tearing resistance value.   Keywords: Paper Waste, Plastic Waste, Art Paper. ABSTRAK   Jumlah sampah di Indonesia selalu meningkat setiap tahun, khususnya sampah kertas dan sampah plastik. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan penanganan khusus agar dapat mengurangi jumlah sampah yang terproduksi. Pembuatan kertas daur ulang menggunakan sampah organik dan anorganik merupakan cara yang ideal untuk menangani masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan komposisi yang tepat dalam pembuatan kertas daur ulang berbahan dasar sampah kertas, sampah daun dan sampah plastik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2017 hingga Juli 2017 di Laboratorium Keteknikan Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara dan pengujian dilakukan di Balai Besar Pulp dan Kertas, Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 2 faktor yaitu perbandingan komposisi dan perbedaan jenis daun. Parameter yang diamati adalah gramatur, ketahanan tarik, ketahanan sobek, dan daya serap air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi sampah kertas memberikan pengaruh berbeda sangat nyata terhadap gramatur, ketahanan tarik dan daya serap air kertas. Kertas yang dihasilkan dapat dikategorikan sebagai kertas seni dengan hasil terbaik ialah KPS2 yang menggunakan 65% sampah kertas, 5% sampah plastik dan 30% sawi dengan nilai gramatur 480 g/m2, ketahanan tarik 2,77 kN/m, daya serap air 486,7 g/m2, dan nilai ketahanan sobek >1600 mN.   Kata Kunci: Sampah Kertas, Sampah Plastik, Kertas Seni.
KAJIAN ALIRAN UDARA DAN SUHU PADA KEMASAN KOMODITI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) (Study of Airflow and Temperature At Papaya Commodity Packaging Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Technique) Filli Andriani; Riswanti Sigalingging; Saipul Bahri Daulay
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

ABSTRACT   Horticultural products are highly damaged during post harvest handling. Papaya is one of which includes climatis fruit is a fruit with high respiration rate, that respiration can be a factor causing the accumulation of CO2 and increasing temperaturein the packaging. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can be utilized to simulate and visualize the airflow and temperature changes occurring in the packaging,making it easier to design in a well-ventilated packaging to suit the packaged product.The study was conducted using 1 hour, 3 hour and 5 hour simulation time with 12 points of temperature measurement inside carton box vibrated using simulator table with 3Hz frequency, then simulated using CFD, conducted in September - October 2017 in the Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering Study Program of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, USU, Medan. The observed parameter was velocity from airflow, temperature and relative humidity. The results showed that the air flow velocity vector with simulation time 1 hour, 3 hours and 5 hours tend to have the same flow velocity vector, the relative humidity value of 99.9 % and an increase in temperature at any time of the simulation. CFD simulation calculations was valid because of the average value of the validation error <10%. Key words: airflow, temperature, CFD ABSTRAK Produk hortikultura sangat mudah rusak selama penanganan pasca panen. Buah pepaya salah satunya yang termasuk buah klimaterik yaitu buah dengan kecepatan respirasi yang tinggi, di mana respirasi merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab kerusaan akibat akumulasi CO2 dan meningkanya suhu di dalam kemasan. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mensimulasikan dan menggambarkan secara visual aliran udara dan perubahan suhu yang terjadi di dalam kemasan, sehingga mempermudah mendesain kemasan berventilasi yang sesuai dengan produk yang dikemas. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan waktu simulasi 1 jam, 3 jam dan 5 jam dengan 12 titik pengukuran suhu di dalam kemasan karton yang digetarkan menggunakan meja simulator dengan frekuensi 3Hz, kemudian disimulasikan dengan menggunakan CFD, dilakukan pada bulan September - Oktober 2017 di Laboratorium Teknik Biosistem Program Studi Keteknikan Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, USU, Medan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kecepatan aliran udara, suhu dan kelembaban relatif di dalam kemasan karton. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vektor kecepatan aliran udara dengan waktu simulasi 1 jam, 3 jam dan 5 jam cenderung memiliki vektor kecepatan aliran yang sama, dengan nilai kelembaban relatif sebesar 99,9 % dan terjadi peningkatan suhu di setiap waktu simulasi. Perhitungan simulasi CFD adalah valid karena nilai rata-rata error validasi  <10 %. Kata kunci: aliran udara,suhu, CFD
PEMANFAATAN ABU BOILER PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DAN ABU SEKAM PADI (RICE HUSK ASH) SEBAGAI BAHAN SUBTITUSI DALAM PEMBUATAN BATAKO DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SIKACIM CONCRETE ADDITIVE (Utilization of Boiler Ash a Palm Oil Mill and (Rice Husk Ash) as Substitution Mater MUhammad Iqbal; Riswanti Sigalingging; Adian Rindang
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Ash boiler and rice husk ash are agricultural wastes that contain chemical compounds in the form of silica that can increase tensile strength and compressive strength when mixed with cement and water so it is very potential to be utilized in making brick. This study was aimed to determine the effect  of substitution of palm oil mill boiler ash and rice husk ash (Rice Husk Ash) with the addition of cycacim concrete additive on the manufacture of brick by examining the quality of the resulting brick This research was conducted in Concrete Laboratory,Faculty of Engineering, University of Sumatera Utara from May to August 2017 using a completely  randomized design with 2 factors. The first factor was  the composition of boiler ash which consists of 3 levels, namely: (10%, 15%, 20%) and the second factor was the composition of rice husk ash which consists of 2 levels, namely: (50% and 60%).The results showed that A1 (10% ash of boiler) had the highest compressive strength of 9.77 MPa and for the initial setting time value was 61.43 minutes while for the final binding time, the same as the other treatment which was 120 minutes, and the highest absorption was B2 (60% rice husk ash) that is equal to 5.76%. The best combination was A1B1 (10% ash boiler and 50% rice husk ash) with a compressive strength value of 9.77 MPa and an absorbance value of 3.97%. Keywords: Palm Oil Boiler ash, rice husk ash, brick, sikacim concrete additive ABSTRAK Abu boiler dan abu sekam padi merupakan limbah pertanian yang mengandung senyawa kimia berupa silika yang dapat meningkatkan kuat tarik dan kuat tekan apabila dicampur dengan semen dan air sehingga sangat potensial untuk dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan batako. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh subtitusi abu boiler pabrik kelapa sawit dan abu sekam padi (Rice Husk Ash) dengan penambahan sikacim concrete additive pada pembuatan batako dengan menguji kualitas batako yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Beton, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sumatera Utara dari bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2017 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap 2 faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah komposisi abu boiler yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu: (10%, 15%, 20%) dan faktor kedua adalah komposisi abu sekam padi yang terdiri dari 2 taraf, yaitu: (50% dan 60%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan A1 (10% abu boiler) memiliki kuat tekan tertinggi yaitu sebesar 9,77 MPa dan waktu ikat awal tercepat yaitu 61,43 menit  sedangkan untuk waktu ikat akhir, sama dengan perlakuan yang lainnya yaitu selama 120 menit, sedangkan untuk absorbsi tertinggi pada B2 (60% abu sekam padi) yaitu sebesar 5,76%. Untuk perpaduan terbaik dari kedua bahan A1B1 (10% abu boiler dan 50% abu sekam padi) merupakan komposisi terbaik dengan nilai kuat tekan sebesar 9,77 MPa dan nilai absorbsi sebesar 3,97%.   Kata kunci : Abu boiler kelapa sawit,  abu sekam padi, batako, sikacim concrete additive
UJI ERGONOMIS PADA ALAT PENYEMAI BENIH PADI MEKANIS SISTEM DAPOG (Ergonomic Test on Dapog System Mechanical Rice Seeding Device) Febrina Indragita Simarmata; Taufik Rizaldi; Riswanti Sigalingging
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 3 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Ergonomic study of dapog system mechanical rice seeding device is needed to help in the recommendation of  physical conformity condition of the device in operation process by considering the conformity and  comfort of the work. This research was aimed to evaluate the dimension of dapog system mechanical rice seeding device with the dimension of the human body and to evaluate the level of fatigue felt by the operator after  work at each operation position. This research was conducted by measuring body dimension and counting the pulse rate of 100 correspondents who are students of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatera. The collected data were dimension of the hand coverage, hip distance to the sole of the foot,  the initial pulse rate and the working pulse rate  generated after the operator has finished working. The results showed that the height of the current hopper was 45,7 cm was ergonomically fit to the operator, the height of the lower frame was 70 cm was ergonomically fit to the operator, and the highest level of fatigue felt by the operator who refill the soil into hopper and the operator who lift the tray up, the recommendation to reduce the level of fatigue was to make rolling operator. Keywords: Anthropometry, Ergonomics, Fatigue, Dapog System. ABSTRAK Kajian ergonomika terhadap alat penyemai benih padi mekanis sistem dapog dilakukan untuk membantu dalam rekomendasi kondisi fisik alat yang sesuai dalam pengoperasian dengan mempertimbangkan kesesuaian dan kenyamanan kerja operator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ukuran dari dimensi alat penyemai benih padi mekanis sistem dapog dengan dimensi tubuh manusia serta mengevaluasi tingkat kelelahan yang dirasakan oleh operator setelah bekerja untuk masing-masing posisi oeprator. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengukur dimensi tubuh dan menghitung denyut nadi dari 100 orang koresponden yang merupakan mahasiswa Program Studi Keteknikan Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah dimensi  panjang jangkauan tangan, jarak pinggul-telapak kaki, dan denyut nadi awal dan denyut nadi kerja yang diperoleh setelah operator selesai bekerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi hopper alat saat ini sudah dinyatakan ergonomis dengan ukuran 45,7 cm, tinggi rangka bawah dapat dinyatakan ergonomis dengan ukuran 70 cm, dan tingkat kelelahan yang paling tinggi dirasakan operator pada posisi operator yang mengisi tanah pada hopper dan operator yang mengangkat tray yang telah terisi, untuk mengurangi tingkat kelelahan, direkomendasikan agar dilakukan rolling posisi operator.   Kata Kunci : Antropometri, Ergonomi, Kelelahan, Sistem Dapog.
PEMBUATAN BATAKO DENGAN SERBUK KULIT KERANG BULU (Anadara antiquata) DAN SIKACIM CONCRETE ADDITIVE (The Making of Brick Using Leather Shell Powder (Anadara antiquata) and Sikacim Concrete Additive) Bobby Arisandi; Saipul Bahri Daulay; Riswanti Sigalingging
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 3 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

ABSTRACT The need of bricks for building materials is increasing so that the land available for burning bricks is limited. One alternative to overcome this is the use of brick with the main components of cement, sand, water and leather shell powder(Anadara antiquata) and sikacim concrete additive that serves to improve the structure of the brick.The purpose of this study was to obtain the best composition in the manufacture of brickwork. This research was conducted using non factorial completely randomized design consisting of 3 levels i.e K1 (5%), K2 (15%) and K3 (25%). Parameters analyzed were specific gravity of aggregate, time of binding, compressive strength and absorption. The results showed that the best treatment was found in the treatment of replicates I and K1 (5%) with fine aggregate type weight including the bulk density was 2.44, saturated surface dry was 2.50, the apparent density was 2.58 and water absorption was 2.24% in accordance withBSN1970:2008; The compressive strength was 10.4 MPa and the absorption was 3.89% and according toBSN 03-0349-1989 was on grade I. However, The initial binding time was 65 minutes and the final binding time was120 minutes that was not classified as BSN 15-2049-2004. Keywords: Brick, Anadara antiquata, Sikacim Concrete Additive ABSTRAK Kebutuhan batu bata untuk bahan bangunan semakin meningkat sehingga menyebabkan lahan yang tersedia untuk pembakaran batu bata terbatas. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi hal tersebut yaitu penggunaan batako dengan komponen utama yaitu semen, pasir, air dan serbuk kulit kerang bulu (Anadara antiquata) dan sikacim concrete additive yang berfungsi untuk memperbaiki struktur dari batako. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh komposisi terbaik dalam pembuatan batako. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu K1 (5%), K2 (15%) dan K3 (25%). Parameter yang di analisis meliputi berat jenis agregat halus, waktu ikat, kuat tekan dan absorbsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada ulangan I dan K1 (5%) untuk nilai berat jenis agregat halus meliputi berat jenis curah sebesar 2,44, jenuh kering permukaan sebesar 2,50, berat jenis semu sebesar 2,58 dan penyerapan air sebesar 2,24% sesuai BSN 1970:2008; kuat tekan sebesar 10,4 MPa dan absorbsi sebesar 3,89% tergolong mutu I berdasarkan  BSN 03-0349-1989; akan tetapi, waktu ikat awal sebesar 65 menit dan waktu ikat akhir sebesar 120 menit tidak tergolong BSN 15-2049-2004.   Kata kunci : Batako, Anadara antiquata, Sikacim Concrete Additive