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KINERJA SUB DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI DELI BERDASARKAN ASPEK LINGKUNGAN (Performance of Deli Sub-Watershed Based on aspects of Environmental Sustainability) Rio Haganta Ginting; Sumono Sumono; Achwil Putra Munir
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT Deli Sub-Watershed is one of the Sub-Watershed of the Deli Watershed located at the upstream, midlestream and downstream and has an area of 6,522 hectares,highly vulnerable to flooding because it has an utilization area. This study was aimed to determine the performance of the sub-watershed Deli based on aspects of environmental sustainability. The parameters analyzed were the percentage of critical land, the percentage of vegetation cover, erosion index, the coefficient of the flow regime, the annual flow coefficient, sediment load, flood frequency, water usage index, protected areas and cultivation area. From this study, very low grade was included: the percentage of vegetation cover 7.16%, the flow regime coefficient 3.141, sediment load 3.907 ton/ha.year, water usage index 299.91 m3/year.people, cultivated area 100 %. Normal grade was included: protected areas30.48 %. High grade was included: the erosion index 1.656, the annual flow coefficient 0.426. Very high grade was included: critical land 67.11%, frequency of floods was more than once a year. Based on these results the carrying capacity of the river basin of sub-watershedDeli wasclassified (based on aspects of environmental sustainability) in the bad category with a total score of 84.75. Keywords: Deli sub watershed, performance, aspects of environmentalsustainability ABSTRAK Sub DAS Deli terletak dibagian hulu, tengah dan hilir yang mempunyai luas sebesar 6.522 Ha, sangat rentan terhadap masalah banjir karena merupakan daerah pemanfaatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja Sub DAS Deli berdasarkan aspek kelestarian lingkungan.Parameter yang dianalisis adalah persentase lahan kritis, persentase penutupan vegetasi, indeks erosi, koefisien regim aliran, koefisien aliran tahunan, muatan sedimen, frekuensi banjir, indeks penggunaan air, kawasan lindung dan kawasan budidaya. Dari penelitian ini yang termasuk dalam kelas sangat rendah yaitu: nilai persentase penutupan vegetasi 7,16%, koefisien regim aliran 3,141, muatan sedimen 3,907 ton/ha.thn, indeks penggunaan air 299,91 m3/thn.jiwa, kawasan budidaya 100%. Kelas sedang yaitu:kawasan lindung 30,48 %. Kelas tinggi yaitu: indeks erosi 1,656, koefisien aliran tahunan 0,426. Kelas sangat tinggi, yaitu: persentase lahan kritis 67,11%, frekuensi banjir lebih dari sekali dalam setahun. Berdasarkan hasil ini daya dukung DAS Sub DAS Deli berdasarkan aspek kelestarian lingkungan diklasifikasikan dalam kategori buruk dengan total skor 84,75. Kata Kunci: Sub DAS Deli, kinerja, aspek kelestarian lingkungan

DESAIN DAN SIMULASI ALAT PENGANGKUT TANDAN BUAH SEGAR KELAPA SAWIT SECARA MEKANIS (Design And Simulation of Mechanically Fresh Palm Fruit Bunching Equipment) Thomas Hobbes Panjaitan; Taufik Rizaldi; Achwil Putra Munir
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT Harvesting is a very important job in the process of producing palm oil. The fresh fruit bunch (FFB) harvesting activity consists of cutting, collection and transport. In general, the transportation of FFB still uses human labor with the help of a wheelbarrow with a capacity of 2-4 TBS. This research aimed to design a mechanical oil palm FFB transporter and to analyze material requirement on each tool component through simulation by CATIA software. Based on the analysis and simulation results, a mechanical FFB carrier design with a capacity of 150 kg or 6-8 TBS with functional parts of container tubs with a thickness of 11.63 mm to carry 150 kg of TBS, a frame with a thickness of 2 mm for weight of the tub and the load , a footing operator with a thickness of 2,449 mm for operator weight, 380 mm diameter drive wheel for rotary power transmission, 1:20 gearbox to reduce motor rotation, and 5.5 Hp powered drive motor for power source. Keywords: design, simulation,transporting oil palm FFB transporting means ABSTRAK Kegiatan pemanenan merupakan pekerjaan yang sangat penting dalam proses produksi minyak kelapa sawit. Kegiatan pemanenan tandan buah segar (TBS) terdiri dari pemotongan, pengumpulan, dan pengangkutan. Pada umumnya pengangkutan TBS masih menggunakan tenaga manusia dengan bantuan alat berupa gerobak sorong dengan kapasitas 2-4 TBS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendisain suatu alat pengangkut TBS kelapa sawit secara mekanis dan melakukan analisis kebutuhan bahan pada setiap komponen alat melalui simulasi software CATIA.Berdasarkan hasil analisis dansimulasi diperoleh suatu disain alat pengangkut TBS secara mekanis dengan kapasitas 150 kg atau 6-8 TBS dengan bagian-bagian fungsional bak penampung dengan ketebalan 11.63 mm untuk mengangkut 150 kg TBS, rangka dengan ketebalan 2 mm untuk dikenai bobot bak beserta muatan, pijakan operator dengan ketebalan 2.449 mm untuk dikenai bobot operator, roda penggerak berdiameter 380 mm sebagai penyalur tenaga putar, gearbox 1:20 untuk mereduksi putaran motor, dan motor penggerak bertenaga 5.5 Hp sebagai sumber tenaga penggerak . Kata kunci : disain, simulasi, alat pengangkut TBS kelapa sawit

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGEMAS TERASI Design and construction of shrimp paste packaging Muhammad Iqbal; Taufik Rizaldi; Achwil Putra Munir
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT Packaging is a way of safeguarding the food to preserve the quality as well as its freshness. Manual package of shrimp paste was considered not attractive and slow as the shape of the paste was not the same and reduced the price of shrimp paste. The purpose of this research was to design, build, test and analyze the economic value of shrimp paste packaging. This research was conducted in September until november 2016 in the Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, Medan, by literature study, equipment tests and parameters observation. The parameters observed were effective capacity and economic analysis.Based on this research, it was summarized that the effective capacity of the equipment was 144,25 package/hour. Economic analysis was Rp 95,55/package. Net present value (NPV) for interest rates of 16% was Rp 53.251.518 and for interest rates of 20% was Rp 48.37.515. Internal rate of return (IRR) was 59,26%. Keywords: shrimp paste, molder, dynamo ABSTRAK Pengemasan merupakan suatu cara pengamanan terhadap bahan pangan untuk mengawetkan mutu serta kesegarannya. Pengemasan terasi secara manual dinilai lambat dan kurang menarik karena bentuk yang tidak seragam dan mengurangi nilai jual terasi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang, membuat, menguji serta menganalisis nilai ekonomis alat pengemas terasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober hingga November 2016 di Laboratorium Keteknikan Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, dengan cara studi literatur, pengujian alat dan pengamatan parameter. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kapasitas efektif alat dan analisis ekonomi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kapasitas efektif alat sebesar 144,25 buah/jam. Analisis ekonomi, biaya untuk mengemas terasi Rp 95,55/buah . Alat ini akan mencapai nilai break even point (BEP) apabila telah mengemas terasi sebanyak 19122,88 buah/tahun. Net present value (NPV) dengan suku bunga 16% adalah sebesar Rp 53.251.518 dan suku bunga 20% adalah Rp 48.327.515. Internal rate of return (IRR) adalah sebesar 59,26%. Kata kunci: terasi, alat pengemas, dynamo

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENCACAH PELEPAH SAWIT TIPE SERUT (Design of Planer mode Oil Palm Midrib Chopper) Khairul Umam; Achwil Putra Munir; Riswanti Sigalinggling
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT To fulfill animal feed in the country is by making use of local feed ingredients. Grater type chopper of oil palm midrib is an equipment that serves as a shredder of organic material such as leaves, grass, small twigs of trees and tree fronds in a way planed and chopped up into smallest size. The method used is to design and make a chopper of grater type for oil palm midrib, the tool dimensions of 83.3 cm × 70 cm × 46.8 cm using diesel motor power 2600 rpm or 7 Hp and to test the parameters i.e. effective capacity, yield, then analyzed the economic value of the equipment. The results showed the effective capacity of the equipment was 239.52 kg/hour. The yield on the palm frond oil palm midrib was 87.5%. The cost and BEP for the first year to the fifth year were Rp. 98.32/ kg and 353.846.15 kg respectively, while the IRR was 18.7%. With this result means the instrument feasible. Keywords: equipment design, enumeration, oil palm midrib, grater type ABSTRAK Untuk memenuhi bahan pakan ternak di dalam negeri adalah dengan memanfaatkan bahan pakan lokal. Alat pencacah pelepah sawit tipe serut adalah sebuah alat yang berfungsi sebagai penghancur bahan organik seperti dedaunan, rumput-rumputan, ranting kecil pohon dan pelepah pohon dengan cara diserut dan dicacah sampai dengan ukuran sekecil-kecilnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah merancang dan membuat alat pencacah pelepah sawit tipe serut dengan dimensi alat 83,3 cm × 70 cm × 46,8 cm menggunakan tenaga motor diesel 2600 rpm atau 7 Hp, serta menguji dengan parameter kapasitas efektif, hasil rendemen, kemudian menganalisis nilai ekonomis alat pencacah pelepah sawit tipe serut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kapasitas efektif alat 239,52 kg/jam. Rendemen pencacahan pelepah sawit pada mesin pencacah pelepah sawit sebesar 87,5%. Biaya pokok dan BEP untuk tahun pertama sampai tahun kelima sebesar Rp. 98,32/kg dan 353.846,15 kg, sedangkan IRR sebesar 18,7%. Dengan hasil ini berarti alat layak untuk dijalankan. Kata kunci : rancang bangun alat, pencacahan, pelepah sawit, tipe serut

PENGARUH BEBERAPA UKURAN DIAMETER PULLEY PADA PEMERAS SANTAN SISTEM SCREW PRESS (The Effect of Some Diameter Size Pulley of Screw Press Coconut Milk Extractor) Chesya Ritonga; Achwil Putra Munir; Sulastri Panggabean
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT The coconut milk extractor that had been designed previously was not effective in process, so the author suspect that the performance of the machine will be better if pulley with right diameters is used. The research’s purpose is to examine the effect of various pulley diameter on the effective capacity, yield, and the percentage of left material of the coconut milk extractor. This research was conducted in March 2017 to July 2017 in the Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra, using factorial randomized block design with one factor (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). The parameters observed were effective capacity, yield and the percentage of left material on The coconut milk extractor. The result shows that the highest effective capacity was 34,75 kg/hour at treatment R5 with 6 inch pulley diameter, the highest yield was treatment R5 with 6 inch pulley diameter (77,75%), and the percentage of material left behind was the lowest at treatment of R5 with 6 inch pulley diameter (12%). From Duncan Multiple Range Tests it was found that the pulley diameter had highly significant effect on the effective capacity and had significant effect on percentage of material left behind and had no effect on yield. Keyword: coconut milk, effective capacity, yield and the percentage of left material, The coconut milk extractor ABSTRAK Alat pemeras santan sistem screw press yang telah dirancang sebelumnya dinilai kurang efektif dalam pengolahannya, sehingga penulis menduga akan terjadi perubahan kinerja alat apabila digunakan puli dengan diameter yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh berbagai diameter puli terhadap kapasitas efektif alat, rendemen, dan persentase bahan tertinggal pada alat pemeras santan sistem screw pres. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2017 hingga Juli 2017 di Laboratorium Keteknikan Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial yaitu diameter puli (2, 3, 4, 5 dan 6). Parameter yang diamati yaitu kapasitas efektif alat, rendemen dan persentase bahan tertinggal. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kapasitas efektif alat tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan R5 yaitu dengan diameter puli 6 inci sebesar 34,75 kg/jam, rendemen tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan R5 yaitu dengan diameter puli 6 inci sebesar 77,75%, dan persentase bahan tertinggal yang terendah terdapat pada perlakuan R5 yaitu dengan diameter puli 6 inci sebesar 12%. Dari pengujian DMRT diperoleh bahwa diameter puli pada alat pemeras santan sistem screw press memberikan pengaruh berbeda sangat nyata terhadap kapasitas efektif alat dan memberikan pengaruh berbeda nyata terhadap persentase bahan tertinggal dialat dan memberikan pengaruh berbeda tidak nyata terhadap rendemen alat. Kata Kunci: santan kelapa, kapasitas efektif, rendemen dan persentase bahan tertinggal dialat, alat pemeras santan sistem screw press

KAJIAN FERTIGASI DENGAN METODE TANAM HIDROPONIK PADA TANAMAN PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.) (A Fertigation Study Using Hydroponics Cropping Method on Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)) Dolie Muhammad Shalih Pratama Harahap; Sumono Sumono; Achwil Putra Munir
Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian Vol 6, No 4 (2018): Jurnal Rekayasa Pangan dan Pertanian
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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ABSTRACT The decline in agricultural land area in Indonesia causes agricultural cultivation to be a constraint in the provision of land to overcome increasing food needs, thus encouraging the agricultural sector to overcome these obstacles by increasing the application of narrow land agriculture such as hydroponic fertigation system on pakcoy. This study was aimed to examine the fertigation of hydroponic cropping method on pakcoy. Research was at screen house scale consisted of 2 treatments and 26 replications, ie watering for 6 and 8 hours. The parameters were the concentration of AB mixed nutrient solution, water discharge, wet weight and dry weight of plant, and economic analysis.The results showed that the concentration of AB mixed solution were 3.12% N, 0,0000003% P, and 3.76% K, the average initial water discharge for 6 hours was 1.40 x 10-3 l s, for watering for 8 hours was 1.05 x 10-3 l/s, and the final average water discharge for watering for 6 hours was 6.24 x 10-3 l/s, for irrigation for 8 hours was 4.67 x 10-3 l/s, the wet weights of pakcoy plants was ranged from 70.33 to 72.03g and the dry weight of pakcoy plants was ranged from 1.27 to 1.32 g, and the fixed cost was Rp 279.023,5/year, no fixed the cost was Rp 28.6/hour, basic cost in the first year was Rp 296.2/kg, and cost of goods in the fifth year was Rp 94.1/kg. Keywords: ABmix, Fertigation, Hydroponics, Nutrition, Pakcoy ABSTRAK Penurunan luasan lahan pertanian di Indonesia menyebabkan kegiatan budidaya pertanian mengalami kendala dalam penyediaan lahan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan yang semakin meningkat, sehingga mendorong sektor pertanian untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut dengan meningkatkan penerapan pertanian lahan sempit seperti sistem fertigasi hidroponik pada tanaman pakcoy. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji fertigasi dengan metode hidroponik pada tanaman pakcoy. Penelitian dalam skala rumah kasa terdiri dari 2 perlakuan dan 26 ulangan, yaitu pengairan selama 6 jam dan pengairan selama 8 jam. Parameter yang diamati meliputi konsentrasi larutan nutrisi AB mix, debit air, bobot basah dan bobot kering tanaman, dan analisis ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi larutan AB mix yakni 3,12% N, 0,0000003% P, dan 3,76% K, debit air awal rata-rata untuk pengairan selama 6 jam yakni 1,40 x 10-3 l/s, untuk pengairan selama 8 jam yakni 1,05 x 10-3 l/s, dan debit air akhir rata-rata untuk pengairan selama 6 jam yakni 6,24 x 10-3 l/s, untuk pengairan selama 8 jam yakni 4,67 x 10-3 l/s, bobot basah tanaman pakcoy berkisar 70,33 – 72,03 g dan bobot kering tanaman pakcoy berkisar 1,27 – 1,32 g, dan analisis ekonomi yakni biaya tetap Rp 279.023,5/tahun, biaya tidak tetap Rp 28,6/jam, biaya pokok pada tahun pertama Rp 296,2/kg, dan biaya pokok pada tahun kelima Rp 94,1/kg. Kata Kunci: ABmix, Fertigasi, Hidroponik, Nutrisi, Pakcoy

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