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All Journal journal of internal medicine E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Universa Medicina Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Udayana ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran MEDICINUS The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy
I Ketut Mariadi
Division Of Gastroenterology And Hepatology, Department Of Internal Medicine, Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital, Bali
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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PREVALENSI DAN GAMBARAN UMUM DRUG-INDUCED LIVER INJURY AKIBAT OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS RSUP SANGLAH DENPASAR PERIODE AGUSTUS 2016 – JULI 2017017 Jessica Raphaela Pranata; I Ketut Mariadi; Gde Somayana
E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Vol 8 No 9 (2019): Vol 8 No 9 (2019): E-Jurnal Medika Udayana
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (600.884 KB)

Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan prevalensi TB terbanyak kedua di dunia. Pemberian ObatAnti Tuberkulosis (OAT) merupakan standar penanganan Tuberkulosis (TB) di Indonesia. Namun,tidak semua pasien dapat menyelesaikan pengobatan TB dikarenakan efek samping dari OAT.Salah satu efek samping yang berat dari konsumsi OAT sehingga dapat menghentikan pengobatanTB adalah Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI). Penelitian cross-sectional analitik ini bertujuanuntuk mengkaji prevalensi dan gambaran umum DILI akibat OAT pada pasien TB di Rumah SakitUmum Pusat (RSUP) Sanglah periode Agustus 2016 – Juli 2017. Sebanyak 120 pasienterdiagnosis TB yang memiliki tes fungsi hati minimal 3 hari setelah konsumsi OAT danmemenuhi kriteria penelitian direkrut sebagai sampel penelitian. Data serum aminotransferase,bilirubin total, jenis kelamin, usia, berat badan, tinggi badan, indeks massa tubuh, dan lokasi TBdiperoleh dari rekam medis. DILI akibat OAT ditemukan pada 17 dari 120 (14,17%) pasiendengan rentang awitanDILI pada 7 – 72 hari (median 23 hari) setelah konsumsi OAT. Median usiapasien TB dengan DILI adalah sebesar 37 ± 13,07. Proporsi laki-laki yang mengalami DILI lebihbesar daripada perempuan dan proporsi DILI akibat OAT lebih besar pada kelompok usia ?35tahun. Kelompok status gizi kurang lebih banyak yang mengalami DILI akibat OAT daripadakelompok status gizi cukup. Proporsi DILI akibat OAT lebih besar pada kelompok dengan TBekstraparu dibandingkan kelompok dengan TB paru. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa prevalensi DILIakibat OAT pada pasien TB adalah 14,17%. Jenis kelamin, usia, status gizi, dan lokasi TB tidakmemiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan DILI akibat OAT pada penelitian ini. Kata kunci: Tuberkulosis, obat anti tuberkulosis, Drug Induced Liver Injury, prevalensi,gambaran umum
The influence of light physical activity on scale of pain in elderly with knee osteoarthritis Prasenah Subramaniam; Nyoman Astika; Ketut Mariadi
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 10 No. 2 (2019): (Available online: 1 August 2019)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (212.194 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v10i2.293

Abstract

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a collection of mechanical variations of joint thinning, including the articular ligament and the subchondral bone.Aim: This study aims to find out how some light physical activity correlates with the pain scale among elderly with knee osteoarthritis and also to find out whether light physical activity in the elderly helps reduce pain in knee osteoarthritis.Method: This research is a descriptive cross sectional study. The sample in this study was elderly people aged 50 years and above with a total of 70 samples were selected using multistage random sampling technique located in Badung Market, Kumbasari Market, and Renon Field. Data were obtained by interviewing respondents who previously provided informed consent using structured questionnaires. The degree of pain caused by osteoarthritis was measured using The Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the total score.Results: Distribution of sex within samples found that women (54.3%) and men (45.7%). Researchers found that the mean age of respondents was 61.2 (SD + 3.75) years. The total number of respondents who have exercise habits is 52.9%. The average WOMAC score was 23 (SD +2,319) with a minimum score of 18 and a maximum of 27. Respondents with WOMAC score <23 were 52.9% whereas respondents with WOMAC score> 23 were 47.1%. Cross-tabulation results showed 97.3% of respondents with a WOMAC score <23 had exercise habits.Conclusion: The exercise habits of the elderly with knee osteoarthritis can reduce pain when measured using a 0-4 scale and the WOMAC pain scale.
Transient Elastography sebagai Alat Skrining Kecurigaan Hipertensi Portal pada Penderita Sirosis Hepatis I Made Wisnu Wardhana; Gde Somayana; Ketut Mariadi; I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 11 No. 2 (2020): (Available online: 1 August 2020)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (684.178 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v11i2.620

Abstract

Background: Portal hypertension was causes by extensive fibrosis on liver cirrhosis. The diagnosis of portal hypertension can only be identified by invasive procedure. Transient elastography (TE) is a non-invasive examination to determine the level of liver fibrosis by liver stiffness (LS).Objective: Transient elastography is expected to predict the possibility of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis.Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design, where data were analyzed using a receiver operating curve (ROC) to determine the area under the curve (AUC). Data was collected from 2015 to 2018 using consecutive sampling. Analysis were done using SPSS and Medcalc to determine the cut-off point that has the best sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+ LR) and negative likelihood ratio (-LR).Results: In this study we found 69 patients with hepatic cirrhosis which consisted of 57 men (82.6%) and 12 women (17.4%) with a mean age of 48.57. From 69 patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension manifestations were found by endoscopy in 45 patients (65.2%), while 24 (34.8%) were absent. TE was examined to determine LS, where the lowest value was 11.0 kPa, the highest value was 75.0 kPa, with mean value of 29.89 kPa. AUC results for LS were 0.763 (95% CI 0.645-0.857, p <0.001). The best cut-off point for LS is above 17.5 kPa with a sensitivity of 82.22% (95% CI 67.9-92.0%), specificity 62.50% (95% CI 40.6-81.2%), + LR 2.19 (95% CI 1.3-3.7), and -LR 0.28 (95% CI 0.1-0.6).Conclusion: Transient elastography with liver stiffness above 17.5 kPa can be used as a screening tool to predict manifestations of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis. Latar belakang: Hipertensi portal adalah dampak fibrosis ekstensif pada sirosis hepatis. Dimana diagnosis hipertensi portal hanya dapat ditegakkan melalui prosedur invasif. Transient elastography (TE) merupakan pemeriksaan non invasif untuk mengetahui tingkat fibrosis hati dengan hasil berupa liver stiffness (LS).Tujuan: TE diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai alat screening bagi penderita sirosis hepatis yang memerlukan tindakan endoskopi. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang, dimana data dianalisis dengan menggunakan receiver operating curve (ROC) untuk menentukan area under curve (AUC). Data dikumpulkan dari tahun 2015 hingga 2018 secara konsekutif. Analisis menggunakan SPSS dan Medcalc untuk menentukan titik potong yang memiliki sensitivitas, spesifisitas, positive likelihood ratio (+LR) dan negative likelihood ratio (-LR).Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 69 penderita sirosis hepatis yang terdiri dari 57 orang laki-laki (82,6%) dan 12 orang perempuan (17,4%) dengan rata-rata usia 48,57 tahun. Dari 69 penderita sirosis hepatis dilakukan dievaluasi dengan menggunakan endoskopi dimana didapatkan 45 orang (65,2%) mengalami manifestasi hipertensi portal, sedangkan 24 orang (34,8%) lainnya tidak. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan TE untuk mengetahui LS, dimana didapatkan nilai terendah adalah 11,0 kPa, nilai tertinggi 75,0 kPa, dengan rata-rata 29,89 kPa. Analisis kurva ROC terhadap LS yang diperoleh dari TE, diperoleh hasil AUC 0,763 (95% CI 0,645-0.857, p<0,001). Titik potong untuk LS adalah >17,5 kPa dengan sensitivitas 82,22% (95% CI 67,9-92,0%), spesifisitas 62,50% (95% CI 40,6-81,2%), +LR 2,19 (95% CI 1,3-3,7), dan -LR 0,28 (95% CI 0,1-0,6).Simpulan: TE dengan LS>17,5 kPa dapat digunakan sebagai alat screening untuk memprediksi adanya manifestasi hipertensi portal dengan interpretasi sedang. 
Profil klinis pasien dengan gejala gangguan motilitas predominan konstipasi di unit endoskopi gastrointestinal rumah sakit tersier Godfried Erycesar Yeremia Saragih; I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa; I Ketut Mariadi; Gde Somayana
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 1 (2021): (Available online : 1 April 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (433.573 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v12i1.855

Abstract

Background: Investigating constipation requires careful evaluation of general examinations cascaded into specifics to identify treatable or significant causes for early detection. This study aims to determine patients' clinical profile with symptoms of motility disorders, predominantly constipation, in the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit of the tertiary hospital.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 82 participants collected through consecutive sampling. Patients with predominant constipation symptoms who underwent colonoscopy in Sanglah Hospital Endoscopy Unit from 2017 to 2018 were recruited. Primary data comprising clinical assessments, laboratory test results, and colonoscopy and histopathology interpretation were analyzed accordingly. Constipation and fecal incontinence severity was indicated by Patient Assessment of Constipation – Symptoms (PAC-SYM) and Jorge-Wexner score. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Windows.Results: Most of the respondents were male (62.2%). The PAC-SYM and Jorge-Wexner Score were relatively low, with mean values of 2.44±0.73 and 2.18±0.99, respectively. The prevalence of patients initially assessed with chronic constipation (57.32%) remained high (26.83%) despite adjustment being done after colonoscopic exclusion.Conclusion: Diagnostic challenges of constipation exceeded the exhaustive efforts utilizing extensive diagnostic modalities. Suboptimal treatment would be inevitable in the absence of a good-quality management algorithm. Latar Belakang: Investigasi konstipasi memerlukan kecermatan dalam mengevaluasi pemeriksaan umum yang berjenjang menjadi spesifik untuk mengidentifikasi kausa yang dapat ditangani atau bermakna terhadap deteksi dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil klinis pasien dengan gejala gangguan motilitas predominan konstipasi di unit endoskopi gastrointestinal Rumah Sakit Tersier.Metode: Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang ini melibatkan 82 responden yang dikumpulkan melalui pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif. Pasien dengan gejala dominan konstipasi yang menjalani kolonoskopi di Unit Endoskopi RSUP Sanglah selama tahun 2017 hingga 2018 direkrut. Data primer yang terdiri dari penilaian klinis, hasil tes laboratorium, dan interpretasi kolonoskopi maupun histopatologi dianalisis. Tingkat keparahan konstipasi dan inkontinensia feses ditunjukkan pada skor Patient Assessment of Constipation – Symptoms (PAC-SYM) dan Jorge-Wexner. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 25 untuk Windows.Hasil: Sebagian besar atau responden berjenis kelamin laki-laki (62,2%). Skor PAC-SYM dan Jorge-Wexner relatif rendah dengan nilai rata-rata masing-masing 2,44±0,73 dan 2,18±0,99. Prevalensi pasien yang awalnya dinilai dengan konstipasi kronis (57,32%) tetap tinggi (26,83%) meskipun penyesuaian dilakukan setelah eksklusi kolonoskopi.Simpulan: Tantangan diagnostik konstipasi melebihi upaya maksimal dengan memanfaatkan modalitas diagnostik yang luas. Terapi yang kurang optimal tidak dapat dihindari jika tidak ada algoritma manajemen yang berkualitas baik.
Age and Alarm Symptoms Predict Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancy among Patients with Dyspepsia Hendra Koncoro; I Ketut Mariadi; Gde Somayana; IGA Suryadarma; Nyoman Purwadi; IDN Wibawa
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy VOLUME 14, NUMBER 2, August 2013
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (414.743 KB) | DOI: 10.24871/142201373-80

Abstract

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) malignancy is one of the major causes of cancer related death. Endoscopy in dyspeptic patients above 45 years, or those with alarm symptoms may detect this condition. There were only limited data in Indonesia about age and alarm symptoms to predict UGI malignancy. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of UGI malignancy among dyspepsia patients and to develop a simple clinical prediction model.Method: A cross-sectional study to 390 patients with dyspepsia underwent endoscopy in Endoscopy Unit of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar between July 2012 and June 2013 was conducted. Demography and alarm symptoms were documented. Chi-square and logistic regression test analysis were conducted to analyze variables associated with UGI malignancy.Results: Twenty (5.13%) of 390 patients with dyspepsia had UGI malignancy. Of the 20 patients, 65% were gastric cancer and 30% were esophageal cancer. The mean age was 59 ± 12 years. Variables associated with UGI malignancy were weight loss (OR = 8.2), dysphagia (OR = 6.2), age 45 years old (OR = 5.6), gastrointestinal bleeding (OR = 5.5), persistent vomiting (OR = 5.4), and anemia (OR = 4.9). Using a simplified rule of age 45 years and the presence of any alarm symptom, sensitivity was 85% and specificity was 67.57%.Conclusions: UGI malignancy was found in 5.13% of patients with dyspepsia who underwent endoscopy. Simple clinical prediction model states that age above 45 years and alarm symptoms may be used as a screening tool to predict UGI malignancy.Keywords: dyspepsia, alarm symptoms, upper GI malignancy, clinical prediction model
Association Between Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)/Platelet Ratio and Degree of Fibrosis in Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B Yaditta Mirdania; I Ketut Mariadi; IDN Wibawa
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 19, No 1 (2018): VOLUME 19, NUMBER 1, April 2018
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (312.851 KB) | DOI: 10.24871/191201820-24

Abstract

Background: Histological examination of the liver remains the gold standard of assessing liver cirrhosis. However, this examination is an invasive method with many complications. This study aims to determine therelationship between degree of liver fibrosis with red cell distribution width (RDW)/platelet ratio which can then be used as non-invasive diagnostic method of liver fibrosis.Method: This was a retrospective study, the data of hematological profiles including hemoglobin, RDW, and platelet was taken from medical records of all chronic hepatitis B patients undergoing Fibroscan at Sanglah Hospital in January 2016 to February 2017.Results: Of 58 patients, 10 patients was excluded due to chronic kidney disease, malignancy and coincide with hepatitis C and HIV. The analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test, found a significant relationship betweenRDW/platelet ratio with degree of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B (p 0.05). Of the 48 patients, 23 patients with mild-moderate fibrosis (metavir F0-2) and 25 patients with severe fibrosis (metavir F3-4) were found. In ROCanalysis, the AUC was 0.734, using cut off 0,065 RDW/platelet ratio predict severe fibrosis about 7% sensitivity, specificity 73.9%, positive prediction value 73.1%, and negative prediction value 70.8%.Conclusion: The RDW/platelet ratio can be used as a noninvasive diagnostic test of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients.
Correlation between Serum Albumin Level and Degree of Esophageal Varices in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Dewa Gde Agung Budiyasa; Yuna Ariawan; I Ketut Mariadi; I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa; Nyoman Purwadi; I Gusti Agung Suryadarma
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy VOLUME 12, NUMBER 1, April 2011
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/121201123-27

Abstract

Background: It has not been clear about how often the patient should have esophago- gastroduodenoscopy (EGD) screening for esophageal varices (EV) detection and there is only some data that demonstrates the correlation between the degree of EV and non-endoscopic variables. It is assumed that the presence of EV detected though examination of serum albumin level may trim down the unnecessary endoscopy. This study was aimed to recognize the correlation between albumin level and the degree of EV in patients with liver cirrhosis. Method: A retrospective analysis was performed for 61 patients with liver cirrhosis who had EGD at Sanglah hospital between January and December 2008. Spearman test was used to analyze the correlation between albumin level and the degree of EV. Results: There were 61 patients of 45 (73.8%) male and 16 (26.2%) female. The range age of patients was 13–77 years (average 49.98 ± 1.62 years). Serum albumin level ranged between 1.10-3.60 mg/dL, the average value was 2.21 ± 0.451 mg/dL. We also found 8 (13.1%) patients without EV, 14 (23.0%) patients with EV grade I, 21 (34.4%) patients with grade II and 18 (29.5%) patients with grade III. A negative correlation was found between serum albumin level and the degree of EV (r = - 0.587; p = 0.000, p 0.01). Conclusion: Serum albumin level can predict the presence and the degree of EV in patients with liver cirrhosis.   Keywords: albumin, degree of EV, liver cirrhosis
High Incidence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Hemodialysis Patients at Sanglah General Hospital and It’s Risk Factors Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi; I Ketut Mariadi; I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa; Yenny Kandarini
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 17, No 3 (2016): VOLUME 17, NUMBER 3, December 2016
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (217.387 KB) | DOI: 10.24871/1732016155-161

Abstract

Background: Patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections than in general population. Strict infection control is essential to prevent nosocomial transmission. We aimed to investigate the incidence of HBV infection in the HD population in Sanglah General Hospital as well as risk factors acquired HBV infection.Method: All adult patients receiving maintenance HD (n=267) in 3 dialysis units at Sanglah Hospital were studied between March to June 2016. In this study, medical record of patients on maintenance hemodialysis were reviewed and the patients were interviewed by the researchers to collect data regarding the serology status of these patients before and during HD, and potential risk factors which could be associated with HBV acquisition.Results: Participant mean age was 54.07 ± 0.80 years and 154 (57.7%) were male.We found 21 patients (7.8%) were sero-positive for HBV (HBsAg positive) with mean titer was 9.26±1.85. Of the sero-positive patients,1 patient (4.8%) were known to be infected before the initiation of HD and 20 patients (95.2%) were infected during HD. Incidence of HBV infection during  HD was 7.5% (20/266). Sero-positive patients were younger with mean age was 51.81±2.76 years, had longer time on dialysis and had previous blood transfusions. Risk factors, which significant associated with hepatitis B infection were history of transfusion (p0.01; OR: 2.49; 95%CI: 1.29-8.18) and duration of hemodialysis (p 0.01; OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03-3.74).Conclusion: Patients on maintenance HD in Sanglah General Hospital have a high incidence of HBV infection. The factors associated with HBV infection are highly suggestive of nosocomial transmission within HD units. History of transfusion and duration of hemodialysis were significant risk factors for HBV infection in patients receiving maintenance HD.
Red Cell Distribution Width to Platelet Rasio is not inferior than Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Indeks Score in Predicting Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar Jemi Tubung; I Ketut Mariadi; IDN Wibawa
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 19, No 3 (2018): VOLUME 19, NUMBER 3, December 2018
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (179.073 KB) | DOI: 10.24871/1932018137-140

Abstract

Background: Red cell distribution width to platelet ratio (RPR) is known to be associated with a degree of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B. This study aims to compare the under curve area, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value between RPR and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) score with degree of fibrosis.Method: This study is a retrospective study, data taken from medical records of all chronic hepatitis B patients examined by Fibroscan at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar, Bali from January 2016 to February 2018.Results: Ninety eight patients with chronic hepatitis B, 81 patients were recovered after exclusion of patients with chronic kidney disease, malignancy, and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, obtained area under the ROC curve (AUC) at RPR of 0.816, and at APRI score 0.797. In RPR with cut off 0.066 the sensitivity was 76.9%, specificity 78.6%, PPV 79.5%, NPV 73.8%. While APRI score with cut off 0.85 got 69.2% sensitivity, specificity 76.2%, PPV 73.0%, and NPV 72.7%. According to Kappa test, we found kappa coefficient 0.653 (p 0.05).Conclusion: In predicting severe liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients, RPR is not inferior than APRI score, and may be used as a diagnostic marker, with 65.3% conformity.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori CagA gene and Its Association with Endoscopic Appearance in Balinese Dyspepsia Patients I Ketut Mariadi; I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa; Ida Bagus Nyoman Wibawa
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 17, No 2 (2016): VOLUME 17, NUMBER 2, August 2016
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (396.866 KB) | DOI: 10.24871/172201699-105

Abstract

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes various abnormalities in the stomach. Only particular strain can cause severe problems in the stomach. CagA is a microbial virulent factor which is associated with more severe stomach problems, such as: peptic ulcer and stomach cancer. We would like to know the prevalence of CagA in Balinese population, and the association of H. Pylori CagA status with the severity of endoscopic appearance in dyspepsia patients.Method: Study design being used was analytic cross sectional study, involving 71 dyspepsia patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination in Surya Husada Hospital and Balimed Hospital in June-December 2013. Sample was chosen in consecutive manner. Later, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examinations of the stomach mucous biopsy tissue to determine H. pylori infection status and CagA status were performed. Further, Chi square test was used to identify the difference in proportion of H. pylori and CagA between mild and severe endoscopic appearance.Results: In this study, we found that the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 22.5% using PCR examination. Prevalence of CagA positive in H. pylori positive was 62.5%. There was significant association between status of H. Pylori infection and severity of endoscopic appearance (p = 0.038; OR= 2.67; 95% CI = 1.18-6.05). Status of CagA in H. pylori infected patients was not associated with the severity of endoscopic appearance. Additionally, there was significant association between patients’ age and severity of endoscopic appearance.Conclusion: The prevalence of CagA in H. pylori positive was 62.5%. H. pylori infection was associated with severity of endoscopic appearance and CagA status in H. pylori infected patients was not associated with severity of endoscopic appearance.
Co-Authors Cokorda Agung Wahyu Purnamasidhi Derryl Ravertio Timothy Subroto Dewa Gde Agung Budiyasa Dewa Gde Agung Budiyasa Dewi, Ni Luh Putu Yunia Dewi, Ni Nyoman Gita Kharisma Dewi, Putu Itta Sandi Lesmana Dwijo Anargha Sindhughosa, Dwijo Anargha Gde Somayana Godfried Erycesar Yeremia Saragih Hendra Koncoro Hendra Koncoro Hendra Koncoro I Dewa Nyoman Wibawa I Gusti Agung Suryadarma I Nyoman Astika I Wayan Surya Ardiana Ida Ayu T risha Kundalini Ida Bagus Nyoman Wibawa IDN Wibawa Itta Sandi Lesmana Dewi Jemi Tubung Jessica Raphaela Pranata Kadek Mercu Narapati Pamungkas Kumbara, Cokorde Istri Yuliandari Krisnawardani Kuwai, Toshio Made Wardhana Magat, Renaldy Frederich Nathanael Mirdania, Yaditta N Purwadi Ni Made Ayu Dwipayanti Nyoman Purwadi Pamungkas, Kadek Mercu Narapati Pande Ketut Kurniari Prasenah Subramaniam Priska Harsanti Devi Putu Prathiwi Primadharsini Saturti, Tjokorda Istri Anom Triyanayasa, I Nyoman Tubung, Jemi Wayan Arlis Saputra Wibawa, Ida Bagus Nyoman Wira Gotera Yaditta Mirdania Yenny Kandarini Yuna Ariawan