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All Journal Reaktor Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan IDJP (Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics) Indonesian Journal of Chemistry JURNAL SELULOSA Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis PERENNIAL Wood Research Journal : Journal of Indonesian Wood Research Society Wood Research Journal : Journal of Indonesian Wood Research Society Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Global Forest Journal Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia
Nanang Masruchin
Research Center For Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute Of Sciences (LIPI)
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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INVESTIGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF PULP FIBERS AS GREEN POTENTIAL POLYMER REINFORCING AGENTS Nanang Masruchin; Subyakto Subyakto
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol 13, No 2: FEBRUARI 2012
Publisher : Center for Science & Technology of Advanced Materials - National Nuclear Energy Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1118.047 KB) | DOI: 10.17146/jsmi.2012.13.2.4711

Abstract

INVESTIGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF PULP FIBERS AS GREEN POTENTIAL POLYMER REINFORCING AGENTS. Three kinds of pulp fiber (i.e. kenaf, pineapple and coconut fiber)were characterized as reinforcing agents in compositematerials to be applied at automotive interior industry.Abetter understanding on characteristics of fiber will lead to enhance interface adhesion between fiber and matrices. Furthermore, it will improve the properties of polymer significantly. Chemical, surface compositions as well as morphology of pulp fiber were investigated using TAPPI standard test method, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and optical microscopy, respectively. Further observation on morphology of the fiber was conducted by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). From this study, pineapple pulps showed the highest α-cellulose content than that of kenaf or coconut pulps. However, it has the lowest hemicellulose content among them. This condition takes responsibility for the difficulties of pineapple pulps defibrillation process.Much fines or external fibrillations are presence on both kenaf and pineapple pulp’s morphology, but it is not presence in the coconut pulps.Moreover, coconut fiber is shorter than the other two fibers with diameter size estimated in the order pineapple < kenaf < coconut pulps. FT-IR analysis shown quite similar absorption fromall pulps, except for coconut pulps due to the remaining lignin on the surface of fiber that showed by the presence of C-O phenol stretching at 1280 cm-1. Finally, it is reported that kenaf pulps fiber is suitable candidate for polymer reinforcing agents compared to pineapple and coconut pulps fiber.
AUTOCLAVE-ASSISTED DEACETYLATION: A RAPID METHOD TO RECYCLING CIGARETTE BUTTS TO CELLULOSE Putri Amanda; Anisyah Putri; Nanang Masruchin; Wida Banar Kusumaningrum; Riska Surya Ningrum; Ismadi Ismadi
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol 22, No 1: OCTOBER 2020
Publisher : Center for Science & Technology of Advanced Materials - National Nuclear Energy Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/jsmi.2020.22.1.6066

Abstract

AUTOCLAVE-ASSISTED DEACETYLATION: A RAPID METHOD TO RECYCLINGCIGARETTE BUTTS INTO CELLULOSE. Cellulose acetate (CA)-based materials, like cigarette butts (CBs), become one of the most com-mon types of litter in the world. The toxic substances that are contained make this waste carry a hazardous risk for the environment and living organisms. Herein we report a rapid method for recycling cigarettes butts into more environmen-tally material. Cellulose was fabricated by deacetylation of cigarette butts with NaOH solution at various times 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes in autoclave. Cellulose was optimized by a degree of deacetylation (DD%) and was further charac-terized by FTIR, SEM, TGA, and DSC analysis. The DD% and FTIR results confirmed the complete conversion of cellu-lose acetate from cigarette butts to cellulose within 15 minutes. Cellulose morphology under SEM showed the surface became rougher and textured after autoclave treatment. The results of autoclave-assisted deacetylation are comparable with the conventional deacetylation. Our rapid method offers substantially reduced deacetylation from 24 hours to just 15 minutes. This study has shown that the new and straightforward method for deacetylation cellulose acetate and it is potential as an alternative method for recycling cigarette butts waste in the future.
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF TEMPO-MEDIATED CELLULOSE NANOFIBRIL WITH OCTADECYLAMINE Nanang Masruchin; Arif Nuryawan; Wida Banar Kusumaningrum; Sudarmanto Sudarmanto; Lilik Astari; Putri Amanda; Resti Marlina; Lisman Suryanegara
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol 20, No 4: JULY 2019
Publisher : Center for Science & Technology of Advanced Materials - National Nuclear Energy Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (625.154 KB) | DOI: 10.17146/jsmi.2019.20.4.5308

Abstract

In this study, surface modification of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical TEMPO-cellulose nanofibrils (TCNF) was obtained by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N–hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-mediated system. The carboxylate groups on TCNF surface was replaced by conjugation of octadecylamine (ODA). The conversion of the carboxylate groups on CNF into amide I and II groups was confirmed by attenuated transform reflectance-infrared (ATR-FTIR) and elemental analysis study. Further, decarboxylation of TCNF at higher temperature was hindered by the presence of amide groups resulted in the higher thermal stability of TCNF as observed by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). These results suggested the possibility of modifying surface negatively charged of TCNF with conjugated amine groups into thermally stable nanocellulose.
Modifikasi dan Karakterisasi Pati Batang Kelapa Sawit Secara Hidrolisis sebagai Bahan Baku Bioplastik Agustina Arianita Cahyaningtyas; Rahyani Ermawati; Guntarti Supeni; Firda A. Syamani; Nanang Masruchin; Wida B. Kusumaningrum; Dwi A. Pramasari; Teguh Darmawan; Ismadi Ismadi; Eko S. Wibowo; Dimas Triwibowo; Sukma S. Kusumah
Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan Vol. 41 No. 1 April 2019
Publisher : Balai Besar Kimia dan Kemasan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (177.203 KB) | DOI: 10.24817/jkk.v41i1.4623

Abstract

Batang kelapa sawit mengandung kadar pati yang tinggi sehingga memiliki potensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku bioplastik. Kadar amilosa dalam pati batang kelapa sawit dapat dinaikkan melalui proses modifikasi dengan pelarut asetat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan sifat kimia (kadar amilosa) dan termal pati batang kelapa sawit melalui proses modifikasi sebagai bahan baku bioplastik. Dalam penelitian ini, pati batang kelapa sawit diperoleh melalui proses ekstraksi. Modifikasi pati batang kelapa sawit dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan asetat (CH3COOH+CH3COONa) pH 7. Karakterisasi pati batang sawit dilakukan dengan melihat komposisi kimia (kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, amilosa, dan amilopektin), analisis gugus , dan karakteristik termal. Hasil karakterisasi komposisi kimia pati batang kelapa sawit termodifikasi menunjukkan peningkatan kadar amilosa dari 26% menjadi 29%. Kandungan rantai lurus dalam amilosa yang semakin banyak akan meningkatkan kestabilan pati. Hasil Thermal Gravimetry Analysis (TGA) menunjukkan bahwa pati batang kelapa sawit termodifikasi lebih cepat terdegradasi dibandingkan pati batang kelapa sawit tidak termodifikasi/alami, sedangkan data Derivative Thermal Gravimetry (DTG) dan analisis Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) menunjukkan pengurangan massa pati batang kelapa sawit termodifikasi lebih kecil dari pati batang kelapa sawit tidak termodifikasi/alami serta pati batang kelapa sawit termodifikasi mempunyai Tg (Gelatinization Temperature) yang lebih rendah. Hasil penelitian pati batang kelapa sawit termodifikasi ini diharapkan dapat diaplikasikan sebagai bahan baku bioplastik yang ramah lingkungan. 
Formulation and Evaluation of instant granules from Ketapang Badak fruit (Ficus lyrata Warb) using wet granulation method as an antioxidant supplement Norisca Aliza Putriana; Efri Mardawati; Yoga Windu Wardhana; Nurul Afifah; Anting Wulandari; Dwi Wahyudha Wira; Nanang Masruchin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 3, Issue 3, Sept - Dec 2021
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v3i3.37062

Abstract

Free radicals are naturally produced from the body's metabolic processes, but the excessive amount of free radicals can interfere with human health because they cause oxidative stress. Therefore we need antioxidants that can protect against free radicals. Ficus lyrata W. is one of the antioxidant sources. This study aims to formulate instant granules from the Ethanol extract of Ficus lyrata W. using the wet granulation method. The formula is optimized using the Design Expert with the two-level factorial method. The optimized factors are xanthan gum 0,8-1,5% and PVP 0,5-5%. Granules are evaluated and analyzed using a Design Expert. The results obtained showed that Formula 4 with a combination of xanthan gum 0,8% and PVP 5% is the best formula, which the evaluation result is Loss On Drying (LOD) 3,28%, Flowability 16.043 ± 0.221 (g/s), Angle of Rest 21.77 ± 0.862, no precipitate for15 minutes, pH = 4.7, dispersed in 31 seconds and sedimentation time is 52.213 ± 1.7878 (minutes), the results of the antioxidant activity test of the ethanol extract of Ficus lyrata is 38,27 µg/ml, and instant granules is 145,02 µg/ml.Keywords: Antioxidant, Ficus lyrata W., Instant granules, Design expert
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(lactid acid) Bamboo Fiber Composites Nanang Masruchin; Sasa S Munawar; Subyakto Subyakto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 9, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (622.855 KB) | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v9i1.141

Abstract

The effect of natural fiber, unbleached bamboo fibers (BF) on poly(lactid acid) (PLA) composite by means mechanical and thermal properties on the presence of plasticizer, triacetine was investigated. Wet processing was chosen by dissolving PLA on dicloromethane then BF with different fiber loading i.e 30, 40 and 50% were added. Thermal properties were analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetry (TGA). The result showed that BF could increase the flexural strength and modulus of pure PLA by increasing the fiber loading. Moreover, it decreased at high fiber content (50%) due to the agglomeration of the fiber; however, the mechanical properties are still better than those of neat PLA. The best performances were shown by increasing the strength and modulus by 49.55% and 122.71% at 40% fiber content, respectively. DSC showed that fiber loading and plasticizer decreased glass transition temperature (Tg), meanwhile melting temperature (Tm) not significantly influence. Beside that TGA analyze showed that PLA/BF 60/40 composite start to decompose at 230 oC. Microscopic surface fracture of composites revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed fibers pull out, may due to lack of fiber-matrix bonding.Key words: bamboo fibers, composites, DSC, poly(lactic acid).
Characteristics of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber (Saccharum officinale) Reinforced Polypropylene Composites Nanang Masruchin; Wida B. Kusumaningrum; Ismadi Ismadi; Subyakto Subyakto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 8, No 1 (2010): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v8i1.510

Abstract

This research investigates utilization of bagasse to make biocomposite with thermoplastic polypropylene by adding maleated acid anhydride (MAPP) as a compatibilizer and several fiber treatments. The blending was performed on Laboplastomil mixer, and sample was prepared by hot press. The effects of fiber loading (20, 30, 40 and 50% by weight), washing with 2% detergent, 5% alkali treatment and MAPP percentage (1, 3, 5, and 7.5% by weight), on the mechanical and physical properties were evaluated. The effect of elevated temperature on biocomposite was revealed by using thermogravimetric analysis under inert condition. Good compatibility and stress transfer was performed on 40% bagasse with alkali treatment by adding 5% MAPP; and the results on mechanical properties was better than detergent treatment. It showed that the mechanical properties for flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength and tensile modulus increase by about 56.64%, 151.78%, 0.07% and 133.33%, respectively than pure matrix. Maleated acid treatment also shows the tendency to decrease water absorption. Alkali treatment also revealed to increase the thermal stability of composite, while the presence of MAPP decreased the thermal stability of composite. But it does not affect when processing is conducted below 225°C.
Characteristics of Pulp Fibers as Green Potential Polymer Reinforcing Agents Nanang Masruchin; Subyakto Subyakto
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 10, No 1 (2012): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (878.381 KB) | DOI: 10.51850/jitkt.v10i1.129

Abstract

Three kinds of pulps (i.e kenaf, pineapple and coconut fiber) were characterized as reinforcing agents in composite materials to be applied at automotive interior industry. A better understanding on characteristics of fiber will lead to enhance interface adhesion between fiber and matrices. Chemical, surface compositions, and morphology of pulp fiber were investigated using TAPPI standard test method, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and optical microscopy, respectively. Morphology of fiber was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Pineapple pulps showed the highest α-cellulose content than that of kenaf or coconut pulps. However, it has the lowest hemicellulose content among them. This condition takes responsibility for the difficulties of pineapple pulps defibrillation process. Much fines or external fibrillations are presence on both kenaf and pineapple pulp’s morphology, but it is not presence in the coconut pulps. Coconut fiber is shorter than the other two fibers with diameter size estimated in the order pineapple < kenaf < coconut pulps. FTIR analysis shown quite similar absorption from all pulps, except for coconut pulps due to the remaining lignin on the surface of fiber that showed by the presence of C-O phenol stretching at 1280 cm-1. Kenaf pulps fiber is suitable candidate for polymer reinforcing agents compared to pineapple and coconut pulps fiber.Key words: cellulose, characteristics, composite, interface, pulp fibers
PROSES PEMBUATAN SERAT SELULOSA BERUKURAN NANO SISAL (Agave sisalana) DAN BAMBU BETUNG (Dendrocalamus asper) Subyakto .; Euis Hermiati; Dede Heri Yuli Yanto; Fitria .; Ismail Budiman; Ismadi .; Nanang Masruchin; Bambang Subiyanto
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 44, No 02 (2009): BERITA SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4999.234 KB) | DOI: 10.25269/jsel.v44i02.133

Abstract

Lignocellulosic natural fibers originated from renewable resources such as wood and non wood (bamboo, sisal, kenaf, ramie, abaca, coconut coir, etc.) are abundantly available on the earth. These fibers can be processed further into nano size cellulose microfibrils which have diameter less than 100 nm. Nanofibers have unique characteristics such as very high strength, large surface to volume ratio and high porous mesh. So nanofibers are very promising materials to be use in composites, automotive, plup and paper, electronics, and other industries . Many methods have been developed to produce nanofibers from wood or non wood resources , basically how to fibrillate the fibers into nano size. Mostly they uses mechanical treatments using refiner, grinder, high pressure homogenizer, or other methods such as using ultrasonic or enzymatic. In this research, development process to produce cellulose nanofibers from sisal (Agave sisalana), betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) was tried, Fibers were processed to produce pulps. The pulps were processed using a stone refiner for several times. The resulted fibers were further processed in a mixer (ultra turrax) for 2 hours at speed of 24000 rpm. Fibers were observed with a Scanning Electon Miscroscope (SEM) to make sure that the diameter size was reached to nano size. Other process are treated fibers with disc refiner and processed further in high pressure homogenizer was also done. Result shown that using the above processes, nano size fibers wuth diameter less tha 100 nm could be produced. For the next research other method to pruduce nanofibers such as using ultrasonic will be conducted. Research on the utilization of nanofibers as reinforcement of composites for automotive components is going on.Keywords : nanofibers, celluloce, sisal, bamboo, mechanical treatmentsINTISARI Lignoselulosa yang berasal dari kayu dan nonkayu (bamboo, sisal, kenaf, rami, abaka, sabut kelapa, dan lain-lain) merupakan bahan yang sangat melimpah keberadaannya di muka bumi. Bahan serat ini dapat diproses lebih lanjut menjadi mikrofibril selulosa yang mempunyai diameter kurang dari 100 nm. Serat nano mempunyai sifat-sifat yang khas seperti sangat kuat , rasio permukaan terhadap volume yang besar dan sangat porous. Sifap sifap tersebut membuat serat nano merupakan bahan yang sangat menjanjikan untuk industry komposit, bahan otomotif, pulp dan kertas, elektronik, dan industry lainnya. Banyak metoda telah dikembangkan untuk memperoleh serat nano dari bahan kayu maupun nonkayu, yang pada prinsipnya adalah bagaimana menguraikan serat menjadi ukuran nano. Kebanyakan metoda yang digunakan adalah perlakuan mekanik seperti menggunakan refiner, grinder, high pressure homogenizer; gelombang ultasonik; atau metoda lain menggunakan enzim. Pada penelitian ini digunakan serat dari daun sisal (Agave sisalana) dan batang bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper). Setelah proses pluping, pulp sisal atau bamboo kemudian difibrilasi dengan stone refiner. Selanjutnya, diproses lanjut menggunakan ultra turax selaman 2 jam pada kecepatan 24000 rpm. Serat yang dihasilkan dimati dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) untuk mengetahui diameter serat sudah berukuran nano. Disamping digunakan juga disc refiner dilanjutkan dengan high pressure homogenizer untuk proses fiblirasi. Dari proses ini telah berhasil diperoleh ukuran serat bambu dan serat sisal dengan diameter lebih kecil dari 100 nm. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya akan digunakan teknik ultrasonic untuk proses fibrilasi serat. Penelitian nanofiber sebagai penguat komposit untuk aplikasi komponen otomotif sedang dilakukan.Kata kunci: serat nano, selulosa, sisal, bambu, pengolah mekanik.
Formulation and Evaluation Of Black Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Lozenges As An Antioxidant Supplement Norisca Aliza Putriana; Efri Mardawati; Yoga Windu Wardhana; Ismiatun Ismiatun; Anting Wulandari; Dwi Wahyudha Wira; Nanang Masruchin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics Vol 4, Issue 1, Jan - April 2022
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/idjp.v4i1.40477

Abstract

Free radicals are species of reactive chemical compounds that can cause degenerative diseases. Antioxidants work to deactivate free radicals by binding to these radicals to stabilize the radicals. One of the plants that contain antioxidants is black garlic. This study aimed to obtain the best formula from the preparation of lozenges of black garlic extract using the wet granulation method as an antioxidant supplement. The formula optimization was carried out using a statistical approach with a two-level factorial method using expert design software. The lozenges formula was made using wet granulation method. The granules and tablets were evaluated for its characteristic. Besides, the levels of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of the extracts and lozenges were also determined. The best formula is F2 obtained from a ratio of gum arabic and starch pregelatin of 3: 5 with a desirability value of 0.922. The Evaluation of black garlic extract granules is eligible, including the moisture content of 2.04%, an excellent flow rate is 18.3 g/s, and good compressibility of 9%. The uniformity of lozenge weight obtained is eligible, which is 3%. The hardness and disintegration time of  9.1 kg and 11.28 minutes, respectively. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of the extract and lozenges was 263 µg/mL and 323.9 µg/mL, respectively. The best formula obtained is with 3% gum arabic and 5% starch pregelatin.Keywords: Antioxidant, Black Garlic, Design expert, Lozenges 
Co-Authors Agustina Arianita Cahyaningtyas Amanda, Putri Amelia, Anita Anisyah Putri Anting Wulandari Anting Wulandari Arif NURYAWAN Assauqi, Niamul Faza Bambang Subiyanto Bambang Subiyanto Bayu Tirto Utomo Dede Heri Yuli YANTO Deni Purnomo Deni Zulfiana Deni Zulfiana Deni Zulfiana Dewi Sondari Dimas Triwibowo Dwi A. Pramasari Dwi Wahyudha Wira Efri Mardawati Eko S. Wibowo Euis Hermiati Euis Hermiati Evi Triwulandari Firda A. Syamani Fitria . Guntarti Supeni Gutari, Sesmi Hariry, Amelia Imad Iltizam Ismadi . Ismadi Ismadi Ismadi Ismadi Ismadi Ismadi Ismadi Ismadi Ismadi Ismadi Ismadi Ismadi Ismail Budiman Ismiatun Ismiatun Iwan Risnasari Jajang Sutiawan Karolina, Rahmi Kurnia Wiji Prasetiyo Kurnia Wiji Prasetiyo Kurnia Wiji Prasetiyo Lilik Astari Lisman Suryanegara Lisman Suryanegara Lisman Suryanegara Marwanto Marwanto, Marwanto Muhammad Ghozali Norisca Aliza Putriana Norisca Aliza Putriana Nurhaida Nurhaida Nurul Afifah Putri Amanda Putri Amanda Rahyani Ermawati Resti Marlina Retno Ariadi Lusiana Riska Surya Ningrum Sasa S Munawar Sesmi Gutari Sesmi Gutari Sita Heris Anita Sita Heris Anita Sita Heris Anita Subyakto . Subyakto Subyakto Subyakto Subyakto Subyakto Subyakto Subyakto Subyakto Subyakto Subyakto SUBYAKTO SUBYAKTO Sudarmanto Sudarmanto Sukma S. Kusumah Suryanegara, Lisman Syarifah Nabila Teguh Darmawan Wida B. Kusumaningrum Wida B. Kusumaningrum Wida Banar Kusumaningrum Wida Banar Kusumaningrum Wida Banar Kusumaningrum Widya FATRIASARI Widya FATRIASARI Widya Fatriasari Yoga Windu Wardhana Yulianti Sampora