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Influence of feeding protected protein and energy on intake and digestion by lambs Mathius, I-W; Haryanto, B; Susana, I.W.R
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

To determine the effect of additional protected protein and energy on intake and digestion in lambs, a trial was conducted using 36 young sheep (average body weight 24 .8 _+ 1 .7 kg) in a completely randomized design . Combination of three levels of protected protein (0, 10 and 20%, based on the dry matter of the concentrate offered) and three levels of protected energy (0, 5, 10%, based on the dry matter of the concentrate offered) were added into concentrate diet and fed to growing sheep. Results showed that different levels of feed additive did not affect (P>0 .05) intake of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and metabolizable energy, with average of 76 .3 g, 68.9 g, 31 .2 g, 16 .79 g and 0.75 MJ /kg BW0.75 respectively . Level of protected protein gave significant (P<0 .05) respons on crude protein intake (7 .4 vs 8.7 vs 9.8 g/kg BW0.75) . Combination of protected protein and energy did not affect animal ability to digest the nutrient effectively. A mixtures of 20 % protected protein and 5 %energy addition into concentrate diet increased average daily gain (ADG) as much as 100 g. It was also found that for every gram ADG needs 42.2 kJ metabolizable energy . Â Key words : Protein, protected energy, sheep

Production response of Etawah cross breed (PE) doe due to improvement of feeding management during late pregnancy and lactation period Yulistiani, Dwi; Mathius, I-W; Sutama, I-K; Adiati, Umi
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 4, No 2 (1999)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

An experiment was caried out to study the protein requirement for Etawah cross breed. Thirty Etawah cross breed does were used in this study (average body weight 37.6+3.5 kg) and randomized to obtain one of three treatments. The treatments were the protein content of concentrate supplement. The protein levels were R1 (CP 16%), R2 (CP 22%) and R3 (CP 26%). The concentrate supplements were offered during late pregnancy and early (first 3 months) lactation period. The study showed that dry matter intake during pregnancy and early lactation period was not affected by treatments. The highest average daily gain during late pregnancy reached by R3 (66.45 g/day) which was not significantly different with R2 (61.9 g/day) and R1 (48.8 g/day). The highest total birth weight per does was achieved by R2 (6.05 kg). Average daily milk production was not affected by treatment. The production at first week of lactation was 1,044.5 g/day and decreased to 466.7 g/day in week 11. R2 produced the highest average daily gain (107.8 g/day) preweaning per does, while R1 and R3 was 84 and 84.4 g/day, respectively. Â Key words : Etawah cross breed (PE), pregnancy period, lactation period, protein levels

Effect of micromineral and phenylpropionic acid on performances of coccus and rod-shaped cellulolytic bacteria degrading fibre of forage Thalib, Amlius; Haryanto, B; Kompiang, S; Mathius, I-W; Aini, A
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 5, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Performances of coccus and rod-shaped cellulolytic bacteria as inoculum for fermentation of fibrous substrate treated with growth or stimulator factors have been conducted by in vitro. The bacteria were firstly separated and purified based on their morphological shape and followed by identification of their gram type. The treatments as follow : control, Cu (1,0 ppm), Zn (6,0 ppm), Se (0,02 ppm), Fe (16 ppm), Co (0,02 ppm), Mn (4,0 ppm), Mo (0,002 ppm), and phenylpropionic acid (PPA) (30 ppm). These factors were added into fermentation media individually (F.P/S) and as mixture (Mix F.P/S). Substrates used were cellulose and rice straw. Measurements were bacterial digestion of drymatter (DMD), bacterial count, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and NH3-N contents. Gram test showed that inoculum cellulolytic cocci and rods are gram-positive and gram-negative consecutively. The results of treatments showed that Cu, Zn, Co, Mo and PPA improve digestibility of cellulose and rice straw substrates by cellulolytic cocci significantly (p<0.05), and beside Mn, these factors increased the total count of cellulolytic cocci in fermentation medium significantly (p<0.05). The growth or stimulator factors increasing digestibility values of the substrates by cellulolytic rods significantly (p<0.05) were Cu, Zn, Se, Fe, Co, Mn and Mo (except Mn for rice straw substrate). Only 4 elements of the growth and stimulator factors increasing the total count of cellulolytic rods during fermentation of cellulose and rice straw substrates significantly (p<0.05) that is Zn, Co, Mn and Mo. Digestibility of cellulose by cocci is higher than by rods (34.65% vs 29.87%), however, the digestibility of rice straw by both bacteria did not show difference. Digestibility of both cellulose and rice straw substrates was improved by cocci and rods combination and improved further when treated with Mix F.P/S. Parameters of fermentation media ecosystem measured (i.e. total count of bacteria, VFA and NH3-N) were generally changed to be better when treated with Mix F.P/S. It is concluded that performances of cocci and rods in digesting fibrousÂ substrate are different, and growth or stimulator factors improved the activities of both group of bacteria significantly. Â Key words : Cellulolytic cocci, cellulolytic rods, growth and stimulator factors, bacterial digestion

Improvement of feed efficiency using protected-energy in the ration of ewes I-W Mathius; Dwi Yulistiani; E Wina; B Haryanto; A Wilson; A Thalib
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 6, No 1 (2001): MARCH 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

High producing ewes required high amounts of energy, which can not be met through feeding conventional ration. Therefore, supplementing energy should be done, especially protected-energy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of additional of protected fat/energy on the consumption of ration and the performance of ewes and lambs. Thirty-four local ewes were randomly allotted to four levels of by-pass energy groups, in which parts of energy content in the concentrate was replaced with rumen-protected fatty acids in the proportion of 0 (R1), 5 (R2), 10 (R3), and 20% (R4). Consumption, nutrient digestibility and animal performance (ewes and lambs) were determined by standard procedures. Results showed that the daily dry matter intake during pregnancy (g/kg BW0.75) did not differ among diet (72.1 + 2.56). The crude fibre intake varied slightly between treatment (P>0.05), those being slightly lower intake on the highest replacement of energy content in concentrate diet (R4). Dry matter digestibility were 52.4 + 0.24, 52.1 + 0.30; 51.8 +0.28; and 51.3 + 0.81 in groups R1, R2, R3, and R4, respectively, which were non-significantly different from each other. These results confirmed that the by-pass energy sources replacements did not affect rumen fermentation. The same tendency was also found for crude protein digestibility (P>0.05) i.e. 60.1; 61.8; 61.2; and 60.2 for R1, R2, R3, and R4 respectively. The average daily gain of ewes during gestation period was affected (P<0.05) by by-pass energy replacement and the effect was linear with increasing by-pass energy replacement. Significant difference was not found in the total birth weight of lambs and among dietary treatments. Lambs growth rate during the first 8 week of lactation was the highest on ewes fed diet containing the highest amount of by-pass energy sources (R4). It can be concluded that by-pass fatty acids can be used in ewes’ ration without affecting rumen fermentation and gave a positive respons to animal performance. Key words: By-pass energy, ewes ration, gestation and lactating phase

Banana stem juice protected soy bean meal as feed suplement to sheep: In sacco and in vivo W Puastuti; I-W Mathius; D Yulistiani
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 11, No 2 (2006): JUNE 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Protein with low resistant of rumen degradability must be protected, which part of its protein could reach post ruminal and able to supply amino acids for ruminant. The experiment was conducted to obtain the best ratio of soy bean meal with banana stem juice as feed supplement protecting protein. Rumen degradability using rumen fistulated sheep were evaluated in saccous at incubation times of 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours. The best ratio in the in sacco experiment was used for further in vivo experiment. Fifteen growing lambs with average live weight of 18.6 ± 2.2 kg were grouped according to body weight in trial with a simple randomized design. Three treated rations were R0 = control diet with 0% protected soy bean meal, R50 = diet with 50% protected soy bean meal, and R100 = diet with 100% protected soy bean meal. All diets were iso nitrogen and iso energy (CP 18% and TDN 75%). Diet consisted approximately 30% king grass and 70% concentrate. The experimental diets were offered for 12 weeks. The result from in sacco experiment showed that the best ratio between soybean meal and banana stem juice was 2:1 w/v (R2). This mixture had the highest rumen undegradable dry matter and protein. Result from in vivo experiment showed that the intake and digestibility of dry matters, the intake and digestibility of crude protein. The intake and digestibilities of dry matter intakes and digestibilitie of crude protein, pH value, NH3-N, total bacteria, purin and total VFA in rumen fluid were not affected by feed supplement. The same average body weight at the beginning of study resulted same body weight at the end of study. The ADG of R50 and R100 (138.1 and 122.2 g) were respectively not different with the control, RO (120.9g). It was concluded that soy bean meal and banana stem juice 2:1 w/v was the best ratio, but as feed supplement with high resistant rumen degradable protein can not produce higher growth rate than the control group. Key Words: Soy Bean Meal, Banana Stem Juice, Protected Protein, Degradation

Influence of feeding protected protein and energy on intake and digestion by lambs I-W Mathius; B Haryanto; I.W.R Susana
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 3, No 2 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

To determine the effect of additional protected protein and energy on intake and digestion in lambs, a trial was conducted using 36 young sheep (average body weight 24 .8 _+ 1 .7 kg) in a completely randomized design . Combination of three levels of protected protein (0, 10 and 20%, based on the dry matter of the concentrate offered) and three levels of protected energy (0, 5, 10%, based on the dry matter of the concentrate offered) were added into concentrate diet and fed to growing sheep. Results showed that different levels of feed additive did not affect (P>0 .05) intake of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and metabolizable energy, with average of 76 .3 g, 68.9 g, 31 .2 g, 16 .79 g and 0.75 MJ /kg BW0.75 respectively . Level of protected protein gave significant (P<0 .05) respons on crude protein intake (7 .4 vs 8.7 vs 9.8 g/kg BW0.75) . Combination of protected protein and energy did not affect animal ability to digest the nutrient effectively. A mixtures of 20 % protected protein and 5 %energy addition into concentrate diet increased average daily gain (ADG) as much as 100 g. It was also found that for every gram ADG needs 42.2 kJ metabolizable energy . Key words : Protein, protected energy, sheep

Effect of micromineral and phenylpropionic acid on performances of coccus and rod-shaped cellulolytic bacteria degrading fibre of forage Amlius Thalib; B Haryanto; S Kompiang; I-W Mathius; A Aini
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 5, No 2 (2000): JUNE 2000
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Performances of coccus and rod-shaped cellulolytic bacteria as inoculum for fermentation of fibrous substrate treated with growth or stimulator factors have been conducted by in vitro. The bacteria were firstly separated and purified based on their morphological shape and followed by identification of their gram type. The treatments as follow : control, Cu (1,0 ppm), Zn (6,0 ppm), Se (0,02 ppm), Fe (16 ppm), Co (0,02 ppm), Mn (4,0 ppm), Mo (0,002 ppm), and phenylpropionic acid (PPA) (30 ppm). These factors were added into fermentation media individually (F.P/S) and as mixture (Mix F.P/S). Substrates used were cellulose and rice straw. Measurements were bacterial digestion of drymatter (DMD), bacterial count, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and NH3-N contents. Gram test showed that inoculum cellulolytic cocci and rods are gram-positive and gram-negative consecutively. The results of treatments showed that Cu, Zn, Co, Mo and PPA improve digestibility of cellulose and rice straw substrates by cellulolytic cocci significantly (p<0.05), and beside Mn, these factors increased the total count of cellulolytic cocci in fermentation medium significantly (p<0.05). The growth or stimulator factors increasing digestibility values of the substrates by cellulolytic rods significantly (p<0.05) were Cu, Zn, Se, Fe, Co, Mn and Mo (except Mn for rice straw substrate). Only 4 elements of the growth and stimulator factors increasing the total count of cellulolytic rods during fermentation of cellulose and rice straw substrates significantly (p<0.05) that is Zn, Co, Mn and Mo. Digestibility of cellulose by cocci is higher than by rods (34.65% vs 29.87%), however, the digestibility of rice straw by both bacteria did not show difference. Digestibility of both cellulose and rice straw substrates was improved by cocci and rods combination and improved further when treated with Mix F.P/S. Parameters of fermentation media ecosystem measured (i.e. total count of bacteria, VFA and NH3-N) were generally changed to be better when treated with Mix F.P/S. It is concluded that performances of cocci and rods in digesting fibrous substrate are different, and growth or stimulator factors improved the activities of both group of bacteria significantly. Key words : Cellulolytic cocci, cellulolytic rods, growth and stimulator factors, bacterial digestion

The potential, variety, and nutrient content of natural vegetation as feedstuffs grown under cashewnut plantation E Sutedi; I-W Mathius; NIP Suratmini; S. Oloan ButarButar; T Manurung; S Yuhaeni; Tanda S. Panjaitan; A Muzaini
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 6, No 2 (2001): JUNE 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Ruminant production is limited by the quality, the sufficiency and the continuation of feed supply, especially during the dry season. The objective of the study was to find out the potency, type and quality of natural vegetation grown under cashewnut plantation. The study was carried out by exploration of existing natural vegetation resources in cashewnut plantation area. Results showed that native pasture growing under cashewnut plantation area comprised of dry-tolerant grasses and legumes, such as Setaria sp., Themeda sp., Calopogonium mucunoides, and Desmodium sp. The fresh yield and the dry matter production of natural vegetation grown under less than eight years old of cashewnut plantation was lower compared to those grown under cashewnut plantation of more than eight years old. This may be due to shading by the tree crop, which is known to reduce the photosynthetically active radiation reaching the ground of vegetation. It seems that, light is the critical factor affecting the growth of vegetation underneath tree canopies. Carrying capacity of native forages grown under cashewnut plantation was only 0.5 animal unit of ruminant/ha/year. Key words: Natural vegetation, cashewnut plantation, carrying capacity

The effect of dietary crude protein substitution as protected soybean meal on pregnant and lactating ewes’ performance I-W Mathius; D Yulistiani; W Puastuti
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 7, No 1 (2002): MARCH 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Production respons was related to rumen undegradable protein feeding. Twenty-six local late pregnant ewes are penned individually and allocated to four dietary treatment groups of feed supplement, containing different amount of protected soybean meal and provided 0% (R1), 10% (R2) 20% (R3) and 40% (R4) crude protein of feed supplement respectively. Diets were fed until the first 8-week of lactation phase. Results showed that the mean of total dry matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was 3,42% of body weight (BW). Dietary treatments of protected-protein tended to increase daily mean intake of dry matter (P>0.05), ie. 76.9; 77.25; 77.49 and 78.81 g/kg BW 0.75 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. A similar trend was noted in daily intake of crude protein with the mean of 9.75; 10.31; 10,75 and 12.1 g/kg BW0.75 (for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively) and were not different significantly (P>0.05) among dietary treatments. Increasing the amount of protected-protein in the ration influenced (P<0.05) the daily live weight gain (ADG) of ewes during the late phase of gestation which was 104.4, 99.4, 120.8 and 148.14 for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Feed efficiency (DMI/ADG) improved as substitution of protected-protein increased. The total birth weight of lambs (g/ewe) was not significantly different (P>0.05), by increasing level of protected-protein in the ration, averaging 3.2 kg/ewe. Increasing protected-protein, increased (P<0.05) the daily gain (g/ewe) of lambs during the first 8-week of lactation, and it was 127, 131, 165 and 211 g/ewe/d for R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively. Consequently, the weaned weight at 8- week of ages increased significantly different (P<0.05) as the amount of protected-protein in the diet increased. Key words: Banana latex, protected-protein, ewes production

Production response of Etawah cross breed (PE) doe due to improvement of feeding management during late pregnancy and lactation period Dwi Yulistiani; I-W Mathius; I-K Sutama; Umi Adiati
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 4, No 2 (1999): JUNE 1999
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

An experiment was caried out to study the protein requirement for Etawah cross breed. Thirty Etawah cross breed does were used in this study (average body weight 37.6+3.5 kg) and randomized to obtain one of three treatments. The treatments were the protein content of concentrate supplement. The protein levels were R1 (CP 16%), R2 (CP 22%) and R3 (CP 26%). The concentrate supplements were offered during late pregnancy and early (first 3 months) lactation period. The study showed that dry matter intake during pregnancy and early lactation period was not affected by treatments. The highest average daily gain during late pregnancy reached by R3 (66.45 g/day) which was not significantly different with R2 (61.9 g/day) and R1 (48.8 g/day). The highest total birth weight per does was achieved by R2 (6.05 kg). Average daily milk production was not affected by treatment. The production at first week of lactation was 1,044.5 g/day and decreased to 466.7 g/day in week 11. R2 produced the highest average daily gain (107.8 g/day) preweaning per does, while R1 and R3 was 84 and 84.4 g/day, respectively. Key words : Etawah cross breed (PE), pregnancy period, lactation period, protein levels

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