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All Journal TEKNIK JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Prosiding Semnastek Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia International Journal of Aviation Science and Engineering Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Dimas Suryo Sukirno
Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Deoksigenasi berkatalis Pd/C dari Asam Oleat sebagai senyawa model minyak nabati untuk sintesis solar terbarukan Bambang Heru Susanto; M. Nasikin; S Sukirno; Gita Agitia Fransisca
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 11, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2012.11.3.5

Abstract

Pd/C-catalized deoxygenation of Oleic Acid as a vegetable oil model for renewable diesel fuel synthesis.Second-generation biofuels called renewable diesel that are drop-in replacements for traditional petroleum derived transportation fuels (diesel, gasoline, and jet fuel) can be produced from triglycerides by thermocatalytic processes. One of the alternatives of renewable solar synthesis is through deoxygenation reaction using heterogeneous catalysts. In this experiment, oleic acid was used as model compounds to study the catalytic deoxygenation process of triglycerides to hydrocarbons like diesel (renewable diesel). The 1% Pd/C catalyst used in the study was prepared by microwave polyol process.  At 400 oC and under H2 pressure of 9 bar and 15 bar, The Pd/C catalysts tended to be more selective toward decarboxylation pathway. Under H2, the main liquid-phase product was alkanes and aromatic, while the main gaseous products were CO and CO2. The conversion was around of 75% with selectivity of renewable diesel was 50.14%. Measured physical properties of renewable diesel (density and viscosity) is comparable to those specified for commercial diesel.Keywords: deoxygenation, oleic acid, Pd/C catalys, microwave polyol process, renewable dieselAbstrakGenerasi ke-2 dari bahan bakar nabati yang disebut dengan solar terbarukan dapat menggantikan bahan bakar turunan dari minyak bumi untuk transportasi (solar, bensin dan bahan bakar pesawat) dengan cara diproduksi dari trigliserida melalui reaksi termokatalitik. Salah satu rute sintesis solar terbarukan adalah melalui proses reaksi deoksigenasi berkatalis heterogen. Di dalam penelitian ini, asam oleat digunakan sebagai senyawa model untuk mempelajari deoksigenasi katalitik dari trigliserida menjadi hidrokarbon seperti solar (solar terbarukan). Katalis Pd/C yang digunakan dalam studi ini dipersiapkan dengan metode microwave polyol process. Pada kondisi operasi suhu 400 oC dan tekanan H2 sebesar 9 bar dan 15 bar, katalis 1 %-berat Pd/C lebih cenderung mengarahkan reaksi ke jalur dekarbokasilasi. Pada kondisi tekanan H2 didapatkan produk cair yang utama adalah alkana dan aromatik sedangkan produk gasnya adalah CO dan CO2. Konversi reaksi yang dihasilkan adalah sekitar 75% dengan  selektifitas produk solar terbarukan adalah 50,14%. Sifat fisik (densitas dan viskositas) solar terbarukan mendekati sifat fisik solar komersial.Kata kunci: deoksigenasi, asam oleat, katalis Pd/C, microwave polyol process, solar terbarukan
On Developing the Noise Reduction Model for Indonesian Aviation Aprilia Sakti Kusumalestari; Santoso Sukirno; Muhammad Suryanegara; Harry Sudibyo
AVIA Vol 1, No 1: (Dec, 2019)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47355/avia.v1i1.9

Abstract

Aircraft noise exposure is still one of many abandoned pollution problems in Indonesia. The effects on human life have been studied more thoroughly in Europe and other regions. We review how some efforts have been implemented and how others must be further developed to support an integrated solution. Following several studies on noise exposure effects in Indonesia, future research must take part in reducing these effects. Indonesian research on noise reduction should follow the track of international research to develop sustainability and protect human capital. This paper reports the developing work aims for building a noise reduction model in the field of Indonesian aviation
SINTESIS POLILAKTIDA (PLA) DARI ASAM LAKTAT DENGAN METODE POLIMERISASI PEMBUKAAN CINCIN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS LIPASE Rahmayetty Rahmayetty; Dhena Ria; Anton Irawan; Endang Suhendi; Sukirno Sukirno; Bambang Prasetya; Misri Gozan
Prosiding Semnastek PROSIDING SEMNASTEK 2016
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

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Abstract

Berkurangnya sumber daya fosil dan meningkatnya konsentrasi karbon dioksida di atmosfer telah   memfokuskan   perhatian   pada   pengembangan   plastik   berbasis   bio.         Upaya   tersebut   dilakukan  dengan   memanfaatkan   bahan-bahan   biologis          untuk   dikonversikan   menjadi      polimer   biodegradable ramah lingkungan. Polilaktida (PLA) merupakan polimer yang serbaguna, biodegradable dan berasal  dari  sumber     daya   terbarukan   sehingga   berpotensi     untuk   dikembangkan       sebagai   pengganti    plastik konvensional.     Pembuatan polilaktida (PLA) dari asam laktat dengan metode polimerisasi pembukaan  cincin    dilakukan     menggunakan        3   tahapan    proses    yaitu   polikondensasi,      depolimerisasi     dan polimerisasi.    Polikondensasi       menghasilkan       oligomer    PLA,    depolimerisasi      mengubah      oligomer menjadi senyawa siklik ester (laktida) dan polimerisasi laktida menghasilkan PLA.  Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi         berat molekul PLA adalah optical purity laktida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan  konsentrasi   katalis  optimum  dalam pembuatan  laktida  melalui   tahapan   polikondensasi  dan   depolimerisasi   serta   menghasilkan   PLA   dengan   metode   polimerisasi   pembukaan   cincin   laktida menggunakan   katalis   lipase     Candida   rugosa      1%(b/b).   Tahapan   penelitian   meliputi   polikondensasi                                              o  asam   laktat pada  temperatur 150-180 C selama 4 jam, depolimerisasi berlangsung tanpa  katalis dan                                                                                                    o  dengan variasi konsentrasi katalis SnCl2  0,05; 0,1; 0,2 % (b/b) pada temperatur 210 C, tekanan vakum                                                                                                 o  selama 3 jam serta polimerisasi laktida dengan variasi temperatur 45, 70 dan 90  C. Dari hasil analisa  1HNMR didapatkan spektrum H kuartet dan H doblet dari laktida berada pada pergeseran proton 5,07-  5,02 ppm dan  1,65-1,68 ppm. Spektrum ini menandakan bahwa  laktida yang dihasilkan  mempunyai  optical purity L-laktida. Temperatur polimerisasi mempengaruhi berat molekul PLA yang dihasilkan. Berat   molekul   PLA   yang   dihasilkan  semakin   tinggi   seiring   dengan  semakin   tingginya   temperatur polimerisasi.   Berat   molekul   PLA   yang   dihasilkan   maksimum   sebesar   2833   gr/mol   pada   temperatur                   o polimerisasi 90 C. Kata kunci: laktida, lipase, Candida rugosa, oligomer, polilaktida
Tinjauan Unjuk Kerja Sintesis Gliserol Karbonat Melalui Reaksi Karbonilasi Gliserol Dengan Urea Gema Fitriyano; Sukirno Sukirno; Sarah Fauziah
Prosiding Semnastek PROSIDING SEMNASTEK 2019
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

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Abstract

Penelitian terkait sintesis gliserol karbonat dari gliserol dan urea terus berkembang dengan kondisi operasi yang bervariasi dan penggunaan katalis yang berbeda. Hasil dari masing-masing penelitian menampilkan unjuk kerja sintesis dengan karakteristik produk yang beragam. Perkembangan tersebut memicu perlunya dilakukan penyelarasan informasi agar dapat dengan mudah menampilkan perbandingan memakai unit yang seragam dengan cara merangkum hasil dari beberapa penelitian terdahulu. Pada tinjauan ini dilakukan analisis dari beberapa hasil penelitian terdahulu, uraian ini terkait perbandingan produk dari reaksi karbonilasi gliserol dengan urea yang menggunakan katalis yang berbeda dan kondisi operasi yang variatif. Selain hal tersebut, ulasan ini juga membahas informasi tentang faktor yang mempengaruhi performa reaksi karbonilasi gliserol dari beberapa penelitian terkait. Bedasarkan kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa katalis yang menampilkan unjuk kerja terbaik pada sintesis gliserol karbonat melalui reaksi karbonilasi gliserol dengan urea adalah Zn/Al/HTC dengan yield 92%.
Carbonylation Reaction between Glycerol and Urea using CaO Catalyst Sukirno Sukirno; Gema Fitriyano
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 21, No 4 (2018): volume 21 Issue 4 Year 2018
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2873.854 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.21.4.211-217

Abstract

This study aims to utilize abundant glycerol because the production is more than the consumption. The use of glycerol is carried out through a carbonylation reaction between glycerol and urea to obtain glycerol carbonate. In the carbonylation reaction, variations in the use of CaO catalysts were carried out at 130°C and 160°C and the use of ZnO catalysts at 160°C. The results of product testing using GC-MS showed that the desired glycerol carbonate was not detected, but 1,3-dioxol-2-one was detected as the reaction result in the largest amount. The carbonylation reaction using catalyst CaO 1 mol% with a temperature of 160°C and constant stirring for 3 hours resulted in a conversion of 92.86% and a 1.3-dioxol-2-one yield of 64.80%. The carbonylation reaction using ZnO 1 catalyst mol% at 160°C and constant stirring for 3 hours can produce a conversion of 94.88% and a 1,3-dioxol-2-one yield of 30.06%.
Simultaneous Photocatalytic Esterification and Addition Reaction of Fatty Acids in Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma sp.) Oil over CuO/TiO2 Catalyst - A Novel Approach Athiek Sri Redjeki; Sukirno Sukirno; Slamet Slamet
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 4 Year 2021 (December 2021)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.4.11690.816-830

Abstract

A novel approach, namely photocatalytic esterification and addition reaction of unsaturated fatty acids using CuO/TiO2 catalyst has been investigated in kemiri sunan oil. The objectives of this study are to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) content by using catalyst CuO/TiO2, characterization of the catalyst  and the operation condition of reaction. The CuO/TiO2 catalyst was synthesized by the impregnation of TiO2 P25 powder with copper nitrate solution as a precursor and followed by calcination. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) result showed that copper oxide was highly dispersed on the TiO2 surface. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) result showed that Cu is in the state of CuO (Cu2+), while Ti is in Ti4+ ( TiO2). The bandgap energy of CuO/TiO2 was smaller than TiO2 P25. It was  found that the reactions conducted in the presence of CuO/TiO2 in a photoreactor under UV irradiation can  perform esterification and addition reaction of the FFA,  simultaneously. The optimum reduction of the FFA was under condition of 4% loading CuO/TiO2, 4 hours reaction time, 30:1 (mole/mole) methanol to oil ratio, 5% (w/w) catalyst amount. The conversion of  FFA was at around 59%. The Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results showed that the addition reaction of -eleostearic acid simultaneously occured at 100% conversion. Although the photocatalyst selectivity in FFA reduction was relatively  low, but double bond reduction of -eleostearic acid (C18:3) was very high. The reduction of multiple double bond is considered as positive poin to improve the oxidative stability of the product. The simultaneous esterification and addition reactions mechanism has been proposed. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 
Synergistic Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Rice Husk Extract and KI for Mild Steel in H2SO4 Solution Marta Pramudita; Sukirno Sukirno; Mohammad Nasikin
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.3.4249.697-704

Abstract

The corrosion inhibition of rice husk extract for bio-corrosion in mild steel in 1 M of H2SO4 solution and the effect of adding potassium iodide were investigated using the weight-loss method with a variable solution temperature and various bio-inhibitor concentrations. The addition of potassium iodide can significantly increase the efficiency of rice husk extract. The highest efficiency is 95.89% at 1,250 ppm of inhibitor concentration at a temperature of 313 K. The inhibition efficiency of rice husk extract is synergistically increased with the addition of potassium iodide. The characteristics of the adsorption inhibitors were assessed using the Langmuir isotherm adsorption approach at all studied concentrations and temperatures. The synergy of rice husk extract and potassium iodide was examined using thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. 
Economic Analysis of the Preliminary Design of a Chemical Mini-Plant to Produce Palm Oil Based Estolide Calcium Sulfo-Ole Heavy -duty Bio grease with a Capacity of 36 Tons/Year Muhammad Luthfi; Sukirno Sukirno
TEKNIK Vol 46, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/teknik.v46i3.71079

Abstract

The rapid growth of the automotive, manufacturing, and heavy-duty industries has increased lubricant demand, particularly lithium-based grease. However, due to supply constraints and rising costs, calcium is a more sustainable substitute for lithium in lubricants. This study develops heavy-duty bio grease based on palm oil estolide with calcium sulfo-oleate as a more economical and eco-friendlier alternative. The research adopts a pilot-scale approach with a 36 tons/year production capacity, aligned with Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The product, heavy-duty bio grease Calcium Sulfo-Ole, uses Estolide Base Oil SAE 40 as the primary component. The process includes epoxidation, esterification, saponification, and formulation. Testing confirms that the ester-based oil has high viscosity and oxidative stability, making it suitable for NLGI 2 standard applications in heavy machinery. Economic analysis indicates strong viability, with a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp1.3 billion over 10 years, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 13%, and Return on Investment (ROI) of 206%. The Break-Even Point (BEP) reached 83% capacity, proving feasibility. This bio grease reduces reliance on lithium-based lubricants while promoting sustainable, plant-based lubricants.
Co-Authors Anton Irawan Athiek Sri Redjeki Bambang Heru Susanto, Bambang Heru Bambang Prasetya D. R. Barleany Dhea Gita Pramesti Endang Suhendi, Endang Gema Fitriyano Gita Agitia Fransisca Harry Sudibyo K, Aprilia Sakti M. Nasikin Marta Pramudita Meike Rachmana Misri Gozan Mohammad Nasikin Muhammad Luthfi Muhammad Suryanegara Rahmayetty Rahmayetty Samuel Yefta Abednego Sarah Fauziah Slamet . Theodore Manggala Amarendra