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All Journal Reaktor Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis World Chemical Engineering Journal FLYWHEEL : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Untirta Teknika: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Prosiding Semnastek Jurnal Teknika Martabe : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Journal of Community Service in Science and Engineering Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Jurnal Pengabdian Dinamika Journal of Systems Engineering and Management JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN

Endang Suhendi, Endang

Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Author-ID : 2956203

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Social Sciences Transportation

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PENGARUH LAJU ALIR UDARA DAN WAKTU PROSES GASIFIKASI TERHADAP GAS PRODUCER LIMBAH TANGKAI DAUN TEMBAKAU MENGGUNAKAN GASIFIER TIPE DOWNDRAFT Suhendi, Endang; Paradise, Gilang Umar; Priandana, Idham
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.6054

The continued development of industry and agriculture along with unutilized of industrial and agricultural wastes properly, the waste will only be garbage which can be an interference to environment. Is required to have waste treatment technologies that are effective, efficient and environmentally friendly to utilize the waste into renewable energy sources. The way of handling this waste is to use gasification technology. Gasification is a method of thermochemical conversion of solid fuels into the syngas gas fuel in the gasifier container by supplying a gasification agent such as steam, air and others. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of air flow rate and the time of gasification process for tobacco leaf stalkâs waste againts to the composition and the components of syngas. This research is conducted using a gasifier with a capacity of Â± 2.5 kg. The research procedures are drying, crushing, sizing, gasification process, and analysis of gas compositions. The result of this research has proven that tobacco leaf stalkâs waste has potential to be renewable energy sources which can produce syngas using gasification process. The concentration of syngas (CO, H2 and CH4) which is the highest obtained at variation of Q = 3 m3 / h in minutes 30 with syngas concentration of 2.27% vol CH4, CO gas amounted to 7.17% vol and H2 gas amounted to 5.79 % vol.

Pengaruh Laju Alir Udara Dan Ukuran Limbah Batang Daun Tembakau Terhadap Syngas Menggunakan Reaktor Gasifikasi Updaraft Suhendi, Endang; Hasanah, Aisah; Anjariyah, Syaidah
TEKNIKA Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Juni
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Proses gasifikasi merupakan proses pemanfaatan biomassa yaitu dengan mengkonversi biomas (bahan padat) menjadi syngas. Biomassa salah satunya yaitu limbah batang daun tembakau karena jumlahnya yang melimpah dan belum dimanfaatkan dengan maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut memanfaatkan limbah batang daun tembakau menjadi syngas (CO, H2, CH4) sebagai sumber energi baru dalam proses gasifikasi, mendapatkan kondisi optimum dari proses gasifikasi dengan memvariasikan laju alir udara dan ukuran limbah batang daun tembakau terhadap syngas yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan reaktor gasifikasi updraft dengan kapasitas 2 kg. Penelitian dilakukan secara batch dengan pengujian terhadap limbah batang daun tembakau secara proksimat dan ultimat dilanjutkan dengan proses preparasi bahan dan proses gasifikasi. Hasil dari proses gasifikasi dianalisa menggunakan metode gas chromatography. Identifikasi zona tahapan proses gasifikasi dilakukan dengan pemasangan 4 titik pengukuran temperatur sepanjang reaktor gasifikasi untuk mendapatkan zona pengeringan, zona pirolisis, zona oksidasi dan zona reduksi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, hasil optimum didapatkan pada laju alir udara 0,178 lpm dan ukuran limbah batang daun tembakau 0,44-0,64 mm menghasilkan syngas yaitu CO = 10,2 %v, H2 = 3,61 %v, CH4 = 1,61 %.

Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell to Chemicals by Using Bayah Natural Zeolites Suhendi, Endang; Naibaho, Pipiet P.U.; Fauzan, Eka R.; Kurniawan, Teguh
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 9, No 1 (2020): June 2020 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v9i1.22250

Palm kernel shell (PKS) is one of the biomass with high potential that can be converted into chemicals. In this study, palm kernel shell (PKS) was converted by pyrolysis method to produce condensed liquid products, gas, and solid. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of catalyst activation time on yields and characteristics of PKS waste pyrolysis products. The pyrolysis process was carried out at a temperature of 500oC. Based on the results obtained with the addition of catalysts at 7 hr of activation can reduce the yield of solid products by 1.5% wt and 9.01% wt of liquid and increase the yield of gas products by 10.51% wt. On the characteristics of solid product there is a decrease in volatile matter by 55.04% wt and an increase fixed carbon by 40.27% wt. The gas characteristics, the H2 and CO gas decreases by 5.43% v/v and 1.36% v/v and the increase in CH4 and CO2 gas by 1.07% v/v and 5.72% v/v. Characteristics of the liquid obtained an increase in the amount of acetic acid by 11.75% v/v and decrease phenol compounds by 13.08% v/v. The result liquid product can be applied as a chemical.

Pengaruh Laju Alir Udara Dan Ukuran Limbah Batang Daun Tembakau Terhadap Syngas Menggunakan Reaktor Gasifikasi Updaraft Endang Suhendi; Aisah Hasanah; Syaidah Anjariyah
Jurnal Teknika Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Edisi Juni 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/tjst.v12i1.6617

PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU PYROLISIS TERHADAP NILAI KALOR BRIKET TEMPURUNG KELAPA SAWIT Ni Ketut Caturwati; Endang Suhendi; Eko Prasetyo
Jurnal Teknika Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Edisi November 2014
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/tjst.v10i2.6677

Sumber energi utama yang selama ini dipergunakan dalam kehidupan manusia merupakan sumber energi yang berasal dari bahan bakar fosil, dimana harga bahan bakar ini semakin mahal akibat cadangan energi yang kian terbatas. Untuk itu berbagai upaya dilakukan dalam mencari energi alternative yang mungkin dapat dipergunakan sebagai pengganti energi fosil. Pemanfaatan limbah seperti tempurung kelapa sawit telah mulai dilakukan dengan membuatnya menjadi briket sehingga memiliki nilai kalor yang cukup besar sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pengganti batubara atau bahan bakar lain seperti minyak dan gas. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan proses pyrolisis terhadap tempurung kelapa sawit dengan variasi temperatur pirolisis : 200 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C dan 400 °C dengan waktu pirolisis selama : 1 jam, 1,5 jam dan 2 Jam. Padatan (Char) hasil pyrolisis dibuat sebagai bahan baku briket. Dilakukan pengujian nilai kalor dari briket yang dihasilkan melalui proses pyrolisis dengan variasi temperatur dan waktu proses. Hasil pengujian nilai kalor briket menunjukkan proses pyrolisis dengan temperatur 400 °C serta waktu proses 1 jam menghasilkan nilai kalor tertinggi sebesar 7070 cal/gram. Nilai ini mendekati nilai kalor batubara berkualitas (antrasit) yang memiliki nilai kalor 31 kJ/gr atau setara dengan 7405 cal/gram.

Effect of Acid Concentration on the Activation of Bayah Natural Zeolite for Palm Kernel Shell Pyrolysis Application Endang Suhendi; Andre Wibowo; Tia Lestari; Teguh Kurniawan
Reaktor Volume 20 No.3 September 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Biooil is the main product in the pyrolysis process which is expected to be a liquid fuel replacement solution. But the resulting biooil cannot be directly used as a result of high oxygenated compounds, high viscosity, corrosive, and unstable. Addition of activated natural zeolite catalyst to the pyrolysis process is expected to improve the quality of biooil in order to be used as a renewable liquid fuel. The research aims to determine the influence of acid concentrations on zeolite modification to the characteristics of pyrolysis products. Result of catalyst characterization indicates that zeolite activation using acid will increase Si/Al ratio as well as open the surface of previously hindered zeolite. The yield of char produced in this study tends not to undergo significant changes between the catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis by 33% wt. Addition of zeolite catalyst in pyrolysis proved to be able to increase the content of phenol and decrease the content of acetic acid in bio-oil by 6% . Meanwhile, yield of CO2 increases by 20% in the use of catalysts due to the release of oxygen in the oxygenate compounds. The results of this study showed that the resulting biooil still does not meet the specifications of liquid fuels but can be utilized as a renewable chemical feedstock.Keywords: pyrolysis; biomass; natural zeolite;modified

The Effect of Time on the Activation of Bayah Natural Zeolite for Application of Palm Oil Shell Pyrolysis Endang Suhendi; Teguh Kurniawan; Adian Yoga Pradana; Vicky Zayan Giffari
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 3 Year 2021 (September 2021)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.3.10313.588-600

Oil palm shell (OPS) constitutes 60% of the waste generated during the processing of palm oil. However, OPS can potentially be converted into energy and chemicals through pyrolysis. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyse the effect of acid treatment time on the characteristics of natural zeolites, which were then applied to oil palm shell pyrolysis. The effect of the acid treatment time on the products of the pyrolysis was also studied. The acid treatment time was varied: 1, 3, and 5 hours. The crystallinity of the natural zeolites was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Solid, liquid and gaseous pyrolysis products were observed. Proximate, ultimate, and heat analysis were performed on the solid product. The liquid product was characterised using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Gas Chromatography (GC) was performed to analyse the composition of the gases produced. The results obtained from this study indicate that longer reflux times reduced the crystallinity of the zeolites. The addition of the zeolite catalysts increased the liquid products of pyrolysis from 24.5 wt% over the parent to 24.6–37.1 wt% over the acid-treated natural zeolites. The reduction of oxygenated compounds in bio-oil was observed in the amount of acetic acid and acetone produced. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

The Effect of Temperature and Time of Gasification Process and The Addition of Catalyst to The Composition of The Combustible Gas from The Wastes of Tobacco Leaves With Gasifier Updraft Fatah Sulaiman; Endang Suhendi; Nindya Prastuti; Okta Abdul Choir
FLYWHEEL : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Untirta Volume V Nomor 1, April 2019
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/fwl.v0i0.4821

The increasing industrial production is causing more of energy consumption needed. Tobacco leaves are waste from cigarette production that can be use as alternative biomass energy to solve the problems of the energy crisis in the near future. Gasification is the conversion of solid carbon raw materials from biomass by the partial oxidation to be combustible gas (CO, H2, and CH4) as an energy source. This research uses the fixed-bed reactor with capacity of 300 grams by the flow of updraft and raw material of waste tobacco leaves that have a size -14 + 18 mesh. The influence of temperature was research on 700 oC, 800 oC, and 900 oC with the reaction time for 20 minutes and the addition of a catalyst K2CO3. gasification medium used air and steam with the constant flow rate 0.504 m3/hour air and 0.0555 kg/minutes steam. Step of the process with the preparation of raw materials, the gasification process, and analysis of gas products. The result of the gasification process analysed using the gas chromatography, and the best results were obtained on the temperature 700 oC in the process time for 10 minutes produced combustible gas are CO = 22.82 % v, H2 = 26.82 % v, CH4 = 7.09 % v. increasing production gas happened when a catalyst K2CO3 is added, the producting of combustible gasses are CO = 52.76 % v, H2 = 23.46 % v, CH4, = 3.23 % v

ALAT PIROLISIS TEMPURUNG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BRIKET BIOMASSA Ni Ketut Caturwati; Endang Suhendi; Eko Prasetyo
FLYWHEEL : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Untirta Volume I Nomor 1, April 2015
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Kelangkaan bahan bakar fosil disertai peningkatan kebutuhan energi memaksa kita untuk mengembangkan sumber-sumber energi lain diluar energi fosil sebagai bahan baku energi. Tempurung kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu limbah agroindustri Indonesia dewasa ini yang ketersediaannya cukup melimpah. Pemanfaatan tempurung kelapa sawit sebagai bahan bakar dalam bentuk briket cukup menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan alat pirolisis tempurung kelapa sawit dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode VDI 2221 dengan temperatur pirolisis yang dapat di atur : 250 °C , 300 °C, 350 °C dan 400 °C. Untuk proses pirolisis selama 1 jam menghasilkan produk char (padatan) sebagai bahan baku briket dengan nilai kalor yang cukup tinggi sebesar 7070,335 kalori/gram.

SINTESIS POLILAKTIDA (PLA) DARI ASAM LAKTAT DENGAN METODE POLIMERISASI PEMBUKAAN CINCIN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS LIPASE Rahmayetty Rahmayetty; Dhena Ria; Anton Irawan; Endang Suhendi; Sukirno Sukirno; Bambang Prasetya; Misri Gozan
Prosiding Semnastek PROSIDING SEMNASTEK 2016
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Berkurangnya sumber daya fosil dan meningkatnya konsentrasi karbon dioksida di atmosfer telah memfokuskan perhatian pada pengembangan plastik berbasis bio. Upaya tersebut dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan biologis untuk dikonversikan menjadi polimer biodegradable ramah lingkungan. Polilaktida (PLA) merupakan polimer yang serbaguna, biodegradable dan berasal dari sumber daya terbarukan sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengganti plastik konvensional. Pembuatan polilaktida (PLA) dari asam laktat dengan metode polimerisasi pembukaan cincin dilakukan menggunakan 3 tahapan proses yaitu polikondensasi, depolimerisasi dan polimerisasi. Polikondensasi menghasilkan oligomer PLA, depolimerisasi mengubah oligomer menjadi senyawa siklik ester (laktida) dan polimerisasi laktida menghasilkan PLA. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi berat molekul PLA adalah optical purity laktida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan konsentrasi katalis optimum dalam pembuatan laktida melalui tahapan polikondensasi dan depolimerisasi serta menghasilkan PLA dengan metode polimerisasi pembukaan cincin laktida menggunakan katalis lipase Candida rugosa 1%(b/b). Tahapan penelitian meliputi polikondensasi o asam laktat pada temperatur 150-180 C selama 4 jam, depolimerisasi berlangsung tanpa katalis dan o dengan variasi konsentrasi katalis SnCl2 0,05; 0,1; 0,2 % (b/b) pada temperatur 210 C, tekanan vakum o selama 3 jam serta polimerisasi laktida dengan variasi temperatur 45, 70 dan 90 C. Dari hasil analisa 1HNMR didapatkan spektrum H kuartet dan H doblet dari laktida berada pada pergeseran proton 5,07- 5,02 ppm dan 1,65-1,68 ppm. Spektrum ini menandakan bahwa laktida yang dihasilkan mempunyai optical purity L-laktida. Temperatur polimerisasi mempengaruhi berat molekul PLA yang dihasilkan. Berat molekul PLA yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi seiring dengan semakin tingginya temperatur polimerisasi. Berat molekul PLA yang dihasilkan maksimum sebesar 2833 gr/mol pada temperatur o polimerisasi 90 C. Kata kunci: laktida, lipase, Candida rugosa, oligomer, polilaktida

Co-Authors Abdullah, Muhammad Hasyim Achmad Bahauddin Adian Yoga Pradana Agus Rochmat Aisah Hasanah Aisah Hasanah, Aisah Amyranti, Mutia Andiyani, Tuti Andre Wibowo Anis Fuad Anton Irawan Bambang Prasetya Bobby Kurniawan D. R. Barleany Denni Kartika Lestari Denni Kartika Sari Denni Kartika Sari Dewi Yasya, Annisa Dyah L. Trenggonowati Eko Prasetyo Eko Prasetyo Fatah Sulaiman Fauzan, Eka R. Firdaus, Mochamad Adha Gilang Umar Paradise, Gilang Umar Heri Heriyanto Heri Heriyanto Heriyanto, Heri Idham Priandana, Idham Ilham Kiki Shahila Indar Kustiningsih Jayanudin Jayanudin Kosimaningrum, Widya Ernayati Lestari, Retno Sulistyo Misri Gozan Muhammad Triyogo Adiwibowo Nadya Fitri Asyuni Nahudin, Ahmad Naibaho, Pipiet P.U. Ni Ketut Caturwati Ni Ketut Caturwati, Ni Ketut Nindya Prastuti Nufus Kanani, Nufus Okta Abdul Choir Prasetya, Bayu Pujiastuti, Hendrini Rahma Putri, Azzahra Rahmayetty Rahmayetty Rahmayetty, Rahmayetty Retno Sulistyo Dhamar Lestari Retno Sulistyo Dhamar Lestari Sukirno Sukirno Syaidah Anjariyah Syaidah Anjariyah, Syaidah Teguh Kurniawan Teguh Kurniawan Tia Lestari Vicky Zayan Giffari Widya Ernayati Kosimaningrum

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