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Journal : Bulletin of Intelligent Machines and Algorithms

Explainable Deep Transfer Learning for Robust Tomato Leaf Disease Classification Elia Setiana; Mukhammad Restu Febriansyah Putra; Muhammad Fajar Romadhon
Bulletin of Intelligent Machines and Algorithms Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): BIMA November 2025 Issue
Publisher : Maheswari Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65780/bima.v1i1.4

Abstract

Automated identification of plant diseases is crucial for advancing precision agriculture and enabling farmers to make informed, timely decisions. This study presents a deep learning-based framework for multi-class classification of tomato leaf diseases using transfer learning with the VGG-19 architecture. A dataset comprising 10,000 images across ten classes, including nine disease categories and one healthy class, was preprocessed and augmented to improve model robustness and generalization. The training strategy employed a two-stage approach: initial feature extraction with frozen, pre-trained layers, followed by selective fine-tuning to adapt the convolutional features to the target domain. Comprehensive evaluation using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and confusion matrices demonstrated the model’s high discriminative capability, achieving an overall accuracy of 93% on the validation set. The results further revealed strong performance in identifying most disease categories, while highlighting classification challenges between visually similar classes, such as Tomato Mosaic Virus and Tomato Target Spot. The contributions of this research include the development of an optimized training pipeline, a reproducible evaluation framework, and insights into the role of transfer learning for agricultural image classification. The findings highlight the potential of deep learning to support automated tomato disease monitoring, with implications for improving crop health management and enhancing agricultural productivity
Ensemble Learning for Early Warning Systems in Higher Education: A Comparative Study of Student Attrition Arifudin, Muhamad Achya; Setiana, Elia; Nugraha, Arif Bakti
Bulletin of Intelligent Machines and Algorithms Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): BIMA March 2026 Issue
Publisher : Maheswari Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65780/bima.v1i3.19

Abstract

Student attrition poses a substantial challenge to higher education institutions, affecting their reputation and financial sustainability. Conventional single machine learning models often exhibit limited sensitivity when analyzing educational data, which is typically marked by severe class imbalance favoring graduating students over dropouts. This study introduces an Early Warning System based on a Hybrid Stacking Ensemble framework to improve student attrition prediction. The approach leverages complementary biases from Bagging and Boosting as base learners, which are then combined using a Logistic Regression meta-learner to refine prediction weights. To counteract class imbalance and majority-class bias, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique was employed during preprocessing. Empirical evaluations reveal that the Hybrid Stacking Ensemble attains a classification accuracy of 88.81% and a Recall of 80.99%, surpassing standalone models and other ensemble methods. Feature importance rankings highlight second-semester academic performance and administrative-financial factors—particularly tuition payment punctuality—as key dropout predictors. These results affirm the value of integrating diverse classifiers to discern intricate, nonlinear student behavior patterns. In essence, this work establishes a reliable, evidence-based framework enabling administrators to shift from reactive to proactive, precision-targeted strategies that foster student retention and institutional success.