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TANAH DAN KEWARGANEGARAAN: PROPOSAL DALAM MEMAHAMI DISKRIMINASI RUANG HIDUP DAN IDENTITAS WARGA TIONGHOA Luthfi, Ahmad Nashih Luthfi Nashih
Lensa Budaya: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Budaya Vol 14, No 2 (2019): Lensa Budaya: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Budaya universitas Hasanuddin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34050/jlb.v14i2.9207

This article contains a proposal to understand violence mainly the one practiced by the state towards the Chinese communities in Indonesia. This perspective looks at the interweaving of the practices of violence between discrimination based on one?s identity and ideology with the seizure and denial of rights to land and properties. These practices of violence which caused the exclusion of Indonesian citizens of Chinese descents in Indonesia were conducted through law and regulations, through the expression of power through brute force, and through continuous questioning the legitimation of their citizenship status, all were used to legitimate their discrimination which later made such discrimination socially and politically acceptable. This series of interconnected discrimination can be traced back all the way to colonial era, independence era, post-1965 which gave rise to Soeharto to power, even until today. Specifically, this article elaborates on the seizure of properties owned by Chinese communities in post-1965 and the ownership and control of these properties in various areas in Indonesia until today. Keywords: citizenship, Chinese, perampasan property, post-1965

MASA DEPAN ANAK MUDA PERTANIAN DI TENGAH LIBERALISASI PERTANAHAN Ahmad Nashih Luthfi; Surya Saluang
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Abstract: The opitimism and persistence of small farmers, such as Alexander Chayanov’s view, need to be thoroughly exploredby examining the demographic composition of the farmers’ families, especially those of their younger genarations. The paperis aimed at finding the critical existance of the Indonesian agricultural regeneration caused by the structural constraints. Theycan be in the form of political large-sacle land alocation for corporates; and other stuctural patriarchal and grontocraticconstraints; instead of the young generations’ motivation. If the above constraints are able to be eliminated, as two cases inHalmahera islands and one village in Kulonprogo regency, Yogyakarta, there will be large opportunity for them. The youths’enthusiasm will grow if there is an open access for them. The access can be in the form of land, work opportunity, knowledge onagriculture as well as agricultural policy for household-scale.Keywords: youth farming generation, alocation policy, patriarchal and grontocratic cultures, access.Abstrak: Optimisme peran dan persistensi petani kecil sebagaimana pandangan Alexander Chayanov perlu lebih didalami denganmelihat komposisi demografis keluarga masyarakat tani, khususnya generasi muda mereka. Tulisan ini mengkaji adanya krisisregenerasi pertanian Indonesia yang lebih disebabkan adanya kendala-kendala struktural berupa politik pengalokasian tanahskala besar untuk korporasi; dan kendala kultural yang bersifat patriarkis dan grontokratis; alih-alih absennya motivasi generasimuda. Ketika kendala-kendala tersebut dapat dihilangkan, sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan dalam kasus di dua desa di kepulauanHalmahera dan satu desa di Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, maka terbuka peluang besar keterlibatan mereka. Antusiasme generasimuda akan tumbuh ketika segenap akses terbuka luas bagi mereka, yakni berupa tanah, keterbukaan tenaga kerja, pengetahuanpertanian, serta kebijakan pertanian skala rumah tangga.Kata kunci: generasi muda pertanian, politik alokasi, budaya patriarkis dan grontokratis, akses

Sejarah dan Revitalisasi Perjuangan Pertanian Nahdlatul Ulama Melawan Ketidakadilan Agraria Ahmad Nashih Luthfi
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 3 No. 2 (2017): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/jb.v3i2.121

Abstract: Historiographically, there is false understanding that the 1960’s landreform in Indonesia was only supported by communism party, and religion-based parties were on the opposite sides, ideologically and sociologically. This article contradicts the simplification of the understanding of the history by pointed out that Nahdlatul Ulama supported the policy of land reform. The support was within the framework of the creation of justice, as well as the understanding that private land ownership is respected in Islam, as part of the goal in enforcing syari’at: to keep the possessions of the umat (hifdhul maal). Not only on the implementation, Pertanu also defend and fight for the peasants when they were expelled, and their lands were taken over (counter-landreform) post 1965. Based on the archived of ANRI and local military documents, this article record the institutional history of Pertanu and its struggle to defent the peasants after 1965, and the dynamic of the implementation of land reform and its backflow in Banyuwangi, East Java. The description of historical experiences of this peasant organization is equipped by contextual reflection and its revitalization on current era when facing contemporary agrarian issues. Intisari: Secara historiografis berkembang pemahaman yang keliru bahwa landreform era 1960-an di Indonesia hanya didukung oleh partai berpaham komunisme. Sedangkan partai berbasiskan agama, berada pada pihak yang berseberangan, baik secara ideologis maupun sosiologis. Artikel ini membantah simplifikasi pemahaman sejarah tersebut dengan menunjukkan bahwa Nahdlatul Ulama mendukung kebijakan landreform. Dukungan itu dalam kerangka penciptaan keadilan sekaligus pemahaman bahwa kepemilikan tanah pribadi dihormati di dalam Islam, sebab merupakan bagian dari tujuan penegakan syari’at: menjaga harta benda umat (hifdhul maal). Tidak hanya pada tahap pelaksanaan, Pertanu bahkan juga membela dan memperjuangkan kaum tani tatkala mereka diusir dan diambil-alih tanahnya kembali (counter-landreform) pasca 1965. Berdasarkan arsip dari ANRI dan dokumen militer daerah, artikel ini merekam sejarah kelembagaan Pertanu dan perjuangannya dalam membela kaum tani pasca 1965, serta dinamika pelaksanaan landreform dan arus baliknya yang terjadi di Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Uraian pengalaman sejarah perjalanan organisasi tani ini dilengkapi dengan refleksi kontekstualitasi dan revitalisasinya pada era saat ini tetkala berhadapan dengan masalah-masalah agraria kontemporer.

EKSKLUSI DAN INKLUSI SEBAGAI DUA SISI MATA UANG Ahmad Nashih Luthfi
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan No. 37 (2013)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Transfromasi agrariaTransformasi agraria Asia Tenggara mutakhirditandai dengan konversi besar-besaran lahanpertanian untuk kepentingan komersial, industri,perumahan, pariwisata dan infastruktur, sertatujuan konservasi lingkungan. Di sisi lain posisipertanian menurun secara progresif dalam ekonominasional maupun sebagai sumber penghidupanpenduduk. Akibatnya penduduk pertanianmenurun drastis. Proses ini mengarah padaapa yang disebut sebagai “deagrarianisasi”. Perjuanganatas tanah sebagai ruang hidup danpenghidupan terjadi secara kontestatif dan konfliktualmelibatkan aktor penduduk, negara, danswasta, yang ini merupakan gambaran kronis dikawasan Asia Tenggara.

Reforma Kelembagaan Dalam Kebijakan Reforma Agraria Era Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla Ahmad Nashih Luthfi
BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2018): Bhumi: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Abstract: The development of agrarian reform institution is one of the indicators of the government's seriousness in agrarian policy. The extent to which the government realizes the gravity of agrarian problems requires solution through agrarian reform are reflected through the existence of a special implementing institution. The Jokowi-JK government succeeded in creating two institutions called the Team of Identification and Inventoritation and the Agrarian Reform Task Force. Both are created by different presidential regulations. Under qualitative approach on policy review method, this article examines the institutions and implementation of agrarian reform at the national level and accompanied by a field study in Sigi Regency to illustrate the dynamics of the relationship between civil society and the state in the policy. This article concludes that in developing the Agarian Reform Institution the government undertook a strategic compromise in the midst of the sectoralization of existing ministries. It created in the midst of the sectoralization situation of existing ministries/ institution. The institutions unable to be free from sectoral burden; and the national government think that the urgency of the agrarian problem is the form of ensuring land rights through accelerating land registration, outbid agrarian inequality and agrarian conflict Uniquely, this legalization policy is organized within the framework of agrarian reform. Keywords: institution, agrarian reform, sectoralization, compromiseIntisari: Pembangunan kelembagaan Reforma Agraria merupakan cermin dan indikator keseriusan pemerintah dalam kebijakan agraria. Sejauh mana pemerintah memahami dan menyadari kegawatan masalah yang memerlukan pemecahan melalui Reforma Agraria terefleksikan melalui dibentuknya suatu lembaga pelaksana khusus. Pemerintah Jokowi-JK berhasil mewujudkan dua lembaga yang bernama Tim Inver dan Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria. Keduanya dinaungi oleh peraturan presiden yang berbeda. Dengan pendekatan kajian kebijakan yang bersifat kualitatif, artikel ini menelaah kelembagaan dan pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria di aras nasional disertai kajian lapangan di Kabupaten Sigi untuk memberi ilustrasi dinamika hubungan antara masyarakat sipil dan negara di dalam kebijakan tersebut. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa didalam membangun kelembagaan reforma agaria pemerintah melakukan strategi kompromi di tengah situasi sektoralisasi kementerian/lembaga yang ada; serta pemahaman pemerintah atas kegentingan masalah berupa pemastian hak atas tanah melalui percepatan pendaftaran tanah, alih-alih soal ketimpangan agraria dan konflik yang menyertainya. Uniknya, kebijakan legalisasi ini diskemakan dalam kerangka Reforma Agraria. Kata kunci: kelembagaan, Reforma Agraria, sektoralisasi, kompromi

Decolonizing Agrarian Knowledge and the Emergence of Indonesian Critical Agrarian Studies Ahmad Nashih Luthfi
Lembaran Sejarah Vol 16, No 2 (2020): Special Edition: Indonesian Knowledge Decolonization
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.60993

Agricultural production growth has been the main priority in agrarian development in Indonesia but its ends and means have been varied. In the colonial era, an export- oriented colonial plantation system resulted in the transformation of the Indonesian land tenurial system. In the post-colonial period, Soekarno’s regime pursued agrarian development seeking to strengthening people’s land rights through its land reform policies. Land rights were seen as the basis for agricultural production. Soeharto’s New Order regime implemented its Green Revolution policy by developing agricultural mechanization and extensification which managed to improve agricultural production, but it gave greater privileges to the rural elite class and caused dependence on foreign inputs and aid. All agrarian policies were supported by knowledge produced through the research of influential institutions and individuals, including critical responses against the impacts of the transformation of land tenure. In this context, knowledge in agrarian studies with its critical perspectives were re-shaped as part of the process of knowledge decolonization.

Peran GTRA dalam Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Zahril Trinanda Putra; Aristiono Nugroho; Ahmad Nashih Luthfi
Widya Bhumi Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Widya Bhumi
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

The implementation of agrarian reform to date has not been maximized due to the existence of sectoral egos and lack of coordination between related sectors / ministries. The institutional formation of the GTRA is expected to be able to unite across sectors of the relevant ministries / institutions. In Central Lampung Regency there are many land issues on HGU land and transmigration land which will later become the priority location of the Agrarian Reform Land (TORA). The Central Lampung BPN target in 2020 as many as 3,000 plots of land will be distributed to the public. It is hoped that the existence of GTRA can support the achievement of these targets. This study aims to determine the role of GTRA, obstacles and how to overcome obstacles in implementing agrarian reform in Central Lampung Regency. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The results showed that budget limitations and the existence of an institutional sectoral ego led to impeded implementation of asset management and access structuring. A strong commitment from all GTRA implementers is needed in carrying out all agrarian reform programs. If not, the GTRA will be the same as the previous institution which only changed its name.Keywords: Agrarian Reform, GTRA, TORA Intisari: Pelaksanaan reforma agraria sampai saat ini belum maksimal dikarenakan adanya ego sektoral dan kurangnya koordinasi antara lintas sektor kementerian/lembaga terkait. Pembentukan kelembagaan Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria (GTRA) diharapkan mampu menyatukan lintas sektor kementerian/lembaga terkait. Di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah terdapat banyak permasalahan tanah pada tanah HGU dan tanah transmigrasi yang nantinya dijadikan lokasi prioritas Tanah Objek Reforma Agraria (TORA). Target BPN Kabupaten Lampung Tengah tahun 2020 sebanyak 3.000 bidang tanah akan direditribusikan ke masyarakat. Harapannya dengan adanya GTRA dapat mendukung capaian target tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran GTRA, kendala dan cara mengatasi kendala dalam pelaksanaan reforma agraria di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa keterbatasan anggaran dan adanya ego sektoral kelembagaan menyebabkan terhambatnya pelaksanaan penataan aset dan penataan akses. Dibutuhkan komitmen yang kuat dari seluruh pelaksana GTRA dalam menjalankan seluruh program reforma agraria. Jika tidak maka GTRA akan sama saja dengan kelembagaan sebelumnya yang hanya berganti nama.Kata Kunci: Reforma Agraria, GTRA, TORA

Menuju Reforma Agraria dan Perhutanan Sosial di Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur : (Sebuah Telaah Spasial dan Tematik) Tiara Nur Khanifa; Syarli Syanurisma; Ahmad Nashih Luthfi
Widya Bhumi Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): Widya Bhumi
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

ABSTRACT This research is an effort to resolve the conflicts of forest tenurial (PPTKH) which is carried out with a spatial approach and thematic to provide recommendations for Agrarian Reform and Social Forestry (RAPS) policies. The spatial approach is carried out by satellite images processing with a 20-year period, which are taken in 2019 and 1999. The thematic approach is carried out by conducting the Identification of Land Tenure, Ownership, Utilization and Use. The results of the identification in the location of tenurial forest by the community with utilizing the SPOT 7 imagery for 2019, there are the 120,40 hectares area of Kedungasri Village that have been occupied by the community but claimed as Perum Perhutani forest area. The thematic study also confirms that land tenure has been carried out since the Japanese period. Of the 120.40 hectares area, there are 50.80 hectares or about 42% was directed towards agrarian reform policies through by Forest Area Swap (TMKH). The location that will be proposed for RAPS have land uses in the form of agriculture and settlements. At the provincial level, this study also found that the forest area in East Java is more than 30% of the total area of the province. The possibility of agrarian reform policies in Java is very open. It is not appropriate if Java has been exempted from agrarian reform policies. Keywords : PPTKH, RAPS, Spatial Approach, IP4T, 30% forest area INTISARI Penelitian ini sebagai upaya Penyelesaian Penguasaan Tanah Kawasan Hutan (PPTKH) yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan spasial dan tematik untuk memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan Reforma Agraria dan Perhutanan Sosial (RAPS). Pendekatan spasial dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pengolahan citra satelit dengan tempo 20 tahun, yaitu citra satelit yang diambil pada tahun 2019 dan tahun 1999. Pendekatan tematik dilakukan dengan cara melakukan Identifikasi Penguasaan, Pemilikan, Pemanfaatan dan Penggunaan Tanah (IP4T). Hasil identifikasi lokasi penguasaan tanah kawasan hutan oleh masyarakat dengan memanfaatkan citra SPOT 7 tahun 2019 yaitu di wilayah Desa Kedungasri terdapat penguasaan tanah kawasan hutan oleh masyarakat namun diklaim sebagai kawasan hutan Perum Perhutani seluas 120,40 ha. Dari telaah tematik juga memperkuat bahwa penguasaan tanah telah dilakukan sejak masa Jepang. Dari luasan 120,40 ha tersebut, seluas 50,80 ha atau sekitar 42% diarahkan untuk kebijakan reforma agraria melalui Tukar Menukar Kawasan Hutan (TMKH). Pada level propinsi, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa luas kawasan hutan di Jawa Timur lebih dari 30% dari total luas propinsi sehingga terbuka besar kemungkinan kebijakan reforma agraria di Jawa yang selama ini mendapatkan pengecualian. Kata kunci : PPTKH, RAPS, Pendekatan Spasial, IP4T, 30% kawasan hutan

Kebijakan Reforma Agraria di Indonesia (Kajian Komparatif Tiga Periode Pelaksanaan: Orde Lama Orde Baru, dan Orde Reformasi) Rayyan Dimas Sutadi; Ahmad Nashih Luthfi; Dian Aries Mujiburrohman
Tunas Agraria Vol. 1 No. 1 (2018): Sept-Tunas Agraria
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Abstract: One of the policy undertaken by the Government of Indonesia in take care of the rearrangement of ownership, control, utilization and the use of land is Agrarian Reform. The implementation of agrarian reform that has produced various kinds of legal products still raises figures of inequality in the rearrangement of ownership, control, utilization and the use of land, it’s make the implementation of agrarian reform program was like walking in place. Therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze agrarian reform policies in the three implementation periods in terms of the regulations that have been issued by comparison of each era of implementation of the four principles of land governence.The method in this research is use normative law research method, this research were reviewed from various aspects such as aspects of theor, philosophy, comparison, structure/composition, consistency, general explanation, and explanation in each articles. This approach is undertaken in order to understand the philosophy of the rule of law overtime, as well as to understand the changing and evolving of philosophy underlying the rule of law relating to the topic that was researched.The result of the research conduct that the legal product policy produced in three era of agrarian reform period in Indonesia the implementation of the Old Order era can be carried out well, because of the five main regulations and legislation produced can be used the four principles of land governence. The conclusion is the resulting law product policy can be used as a reference in the implementation of agrarian reform in Indonesia. Keyword: Agrarian Reform, Law Policy Product, Land Governence. Intisari: Salah satu kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia dalam menangani penataan ulang kepemilikan, penguasaan, pemanfaatan, dan penggunaan tanah yaitu Reforma Agraria. Pelaksanaan reforma agraria yang sudah menghasilkan berbagai macam produk hukum kebijakan masih memunculkan angka ketimpangan struktur penguasaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah, seolah-olah pelaksanaan program reforma agraria seperti berjalan di tempat. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa kebijakan reforma agraria pada tiga periode pelaksanaan yang ditinjau dari peraturan-peraturan yang telah dikeluarkan dengan perbandingan masing-masing era pelaksanaan terhadap empat prinsip kebijakan pengelolaan pertanahan.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif dalam penelitian ini dikaji dari berbagai aspek seperti aspek teori, filosofi, perbandingan, struktrur/komposisi, konsistensi, penjelasan umum, dan penjelasan pada tiap pasal. Pendekatan ini dilakukan dalam kerangka untuk memahami filosofi aturan hukum dari waktu ke waktu, serta memahami perubahan dan perkembangan filosofi yang melandasi aturan hukum tersebut yang berhubungan dengan topik yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan produk hukum yang dihasilkan dalam tiga era periode reforma agraria di Indonesia periode pelaksanaan pada era orde lama reforma agraria dapat dijalankan dengan baik, karena dari kelima pokok peraturan dan perundangan yang dihasilkan memenuhi empat prinsip kebijakan pengelolaan pertanahan. Sehingga dapat dikatakan kebijakan produk hukum yang dihasilkan dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan dalam pelaksanaan reforma agraria di Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Reforma Agraria, Produk Hukum Kebijakan, Tata Kelola Pertanahan.

Pencetakan Sawah Baru dan Penguatan Aset Tanah Petani untuk Ketahanan Pangan (Studi Desa Masta Kec. Bakarangan Kab. Tapin Prov. Kalimantan Selatan) Fahrullah Ramadhani; Setiowati Setiowati; Ahmad Nashih Luthfi
Tunas Agraria Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Jan-Tunas Agraria
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Abstract: New rice field creating ‘Pencetakan sawah’ is more often seen from the physical aspects of the creation of rice fields but has not touched on how to create Farmer's Communities which have a control power over their land.Land Arrangement that should become a control instrument of the land utilization unfortunately is not being used as a consideration towards making sustainable food crops land. This research usesa descriptive qualitative methodwith purpose to identifying the determined location and the prospective farmers, knowing the ownership pattern, and knowing the role of the Ministry of ATR/BPN inimplementation of the farmers' land assets affirmation.The results are,There is an incorrect location determination that causing 237 hectareof the new rice fields to be flooded and some farmers are not settled in Masta Village. The land tenure pattern after will tend to follow the land tenure pattern before the opening rice field program occurs. The Farmers' land assets affirmation is carried out to protect farmers, and also to become as the land function utilization convertion control.Keywords : new rice field creating, food security, sustainable, land arrangement.Intisari: Pencetakan sawah baru ini lebih sering dilihat dari aspek fisik terciptanya sawah tetapi belum menyentuh bagaimana terciptanya masyarakat tani yang memiliki hubungan penguasaan dengan tanahnya. Penataan pertanahan yang seharusnya menjadi instrumen pengendali pem-anfaatan tanah sayangnya tidak digunakan sebagai pertimbangan mewujudkan tanah untuk tana-man pangan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan tujuan mengetahui bagaimana penentuan lokasi dan calon petaninya, mengetahui pola pe-nguasaannya, dan mengetauhi peran ATR/BPN dalam penguatan aset tanah petani. Hasil penelitian ini didapat bahwa terdapat penentuan lokasi yang tidak tepat mengakibatkan 237 ha lahan sawah baru menjadi tergenang banjir dan beberapa petani tidak berdomisili di Desa Masta. Pola Penguasaan Tanah setelah dicetak akan cenderung mengikuti pola penguasaan tanah se-belum dicetak, dan penguatan aset tanah petani dilaksanakan untuk melindungi petani, juga se-bagai bentuk pengendali alih fungsi penggunaan tanah.Kata Kunci : cetak sawah baru, ketahanan pangan, keberlanjutan, penataan pertanahan.

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