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All Journal BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Widya Bhumi Kadaster: Journal of Land Information Technology
Kusmiarto, Kusmiarto
Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional
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Journal : Kadaster: Journal of Land Information Technology

 1 
Transformasi Kadaster di Indonesia: Kepastian Hukum dalam Sejarah dan Tantangan Pendaftaran Tanah Koes Widarbo; Kusmiarto Kusmiarto
Kadaster: Journal of Land Information Technology Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Kadaster: Journal of Land Information Technology
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/kadaster.v1i1.8

Abstract

ABSTRACT The history of the cadastre in Indonesia encompasses the periods of Dutch East Indies colonial rule, Japanese occupation, and the post-independence era. The enactment of Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA), particularly Article 19, which defines the scope of cadastre, has brought about significant changes. Nonetheless, the core issue remains the ineffectiveness of cadastre mapping in providing legal certainty, even serving as a recurring source of land-related problems, including during the periods of Presidential Regulations (PP) 10/1961, PP 24/1997, and PTSL. This research aims to comprehend the concept and historical mission of cadastre in each village or sub-district periodically and to assess its impact on land-related cases. The research employs normative legal methods and qualitative approaches. Conceptual, historical, comparative, and case study approaches are employed to gain a deeper understanding. Moreover, philosophical approaches (fundamental, comprehensive, and speculative) and ontological, epistemological, and axiological aspects are also considered for further research. The findings unveil the complexity and dynamics involved in land registration and cadastre management in Indonesia. Changes in regulations, ontological, and epistemological approaches, along with efforts to establish comprehensive registration maps, constitute vital components in maintaining effective legal certainty and land management. Keywords: cadastral history, Legal certainty, Land-related issues, Cadastral mapping, Land registration reform.   INTISARI Sejarah kadaster di Indonesia meliputi era Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda, penjajahan Jepang, hingga era kemerdekaan. Berlakunya Undang-Undang nomor 5 tahun 1960 tentang UUPA, terutama Pasal 19 yang mengatur ruang lingkup kadaster, mengubah dinamika. Meski demikian, permasalahan inti adalah perpetaan kadaster yang kurang efektif dalam memberikan kepastian hukum, bahkan menjadi sumber berulangnya masalah pertanahan, termasuk di era PP 10/1961, PP 24/1997, dan PTSL. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami konsep dan sejarah misi kadaster di setiap desa atau kelurahan secara periodik, serta membandingkan dampaknya pada kasus pertanahan. Metode hukum normatif dan pendekatan kualitatif digunakan. Pendekatan konseptual, sejarah, perbandingan, dan studi kasus diterapkan. Pendekatan filsafat (mendasar, menyeluruh, spekulatif) dan aspek ontologis, epistemologis, serta aksiologis juga dipertimbangkan untuk penelitian selanjutnya. Hasilnya mengungkapkan kompleksitas dan dinamika dalam penyelenggaraan pendaftaran tanah dan kadaster di Indonesia. Perubahan aturan, pendekatan ontologis dan epistemologis, serta upaya mewujudkan peta pendaftaran lengkap menjadi komponen penting dalam menjaga kepastian hukum dan pengelolaan pertanahan yang efektif. Kata Kunci: Sejarah kadaster, Kepastian hukum, Masalah terkait tanah, Pemetaan kadaster, Reformasi pendaftaran tanah
Tipologi Permasalahan Kualitas Data Pertanahan PTSL Terintegrasi Tahun 2023 di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Blora Luluk Qoniah Khoirunisa; Muh. Arif Suhattanto; Kusmiarto Kusmiarto
Kadaster: Journal of Land Information Technology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Kadaster: Journal of Land Information Technology
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/kadaster.v2i2.33

Abstract

Improving the quality of land data is one of the key steps in completing the Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program for registered land parcels. At the Land Office of Blora Regency, there are registered land parcels that cannot be mapped in the registration map, categorized under K4.2. The purpose of this research is to describe the process of identifying K4.2, the typology of problems, and potential solutions at the Land Office of Blora Regency. Using a qualitative research method with a practical action research approach, the findings reveal that the condition of K4.2 PTSL integrated in 2023 is not entirely pure K4.2, as an analysis in Jejeruk Village and Ngloram Village found several land parcels that could have their data quality improved. The typology of problems for K4.2 land parcels is classified into three main categories: land data anomalies, overlapping certificates on old rights, and untraceable locations. Potential solutions for resolving K4.2 land parcels include improving physical data and the Land Office Computerization System (KKP) data, cancelling rights based on the owner's declaration of land rights relinquishment, and publishing K4.2 in village offices. Additionally, a follow-up regulation is needed to address the resolution of K4.2 issues. Keywords: Improvement of Land Data Quality, Integrated Systematic Land Registration, Blora Land Office, Overlapping Certificates, Land Rights Relinquishment.   INTISARI Peningkatan kualitas data pertanahan merupakan salah satu penyelesaian kegiatan Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap (PTSL) untuk bidang tanah yang sudah terdaftar. Di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Blora terdapat bidang tanah terdaftar yang tidak dapat dipetakan dalam peta pendaftaran yang dikategorikan dalam K4.2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses identifikasi K4.2, tipologi permasalahan, dan potensi solusinya pada Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Blora. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian tindakan praktis didapatkan hasil bahwa kondisi bidang tanah K4.2 PTSL terintegrasi tahun 2023, tidak serta merta murni K4.2 karena setelah dilakukan analisis di Desa Jejeruk dan Desa Ngloram terdapat beberapa bidang tanah yang dapat ditingkatkan kualitas datanya. Tipologi permasalahan bidang-bidang tanah K4.2 digolongkan menjadi tiga kategori utama yaitu anomali data pertanahan, tumpang tindih sertipikat di atas hak lama, dan lokasi tidak ditemukan. Potensi solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan bidang-bidang tanah K4.2 yaitu perbaikan data fisik dan data KKP (Komputerisasi Kantor Pertanahan), penghapusan hak dengan dasar surat pernyataan pelepasan hak atas tanah oleh pemilik, dan publikasi K4.2 di kantor desa serta diperlukan aturan tindak lanjut tentang penyelesaian K4.2. Kata Kunci: Peningkatan Kualitas Data Pertanahan, Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap Terintegrasi, Kantor Pertanahan Blora, Tumpang Tindih Sertipikat, Pelepasan Hak Atas Tanah.
Prospek Pemanfaatan Teknologi Blockchain untuk Mengoptimalkan Keamanan Dokumen Pertanahan Elektronik: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur Secara Sistematik Joshua Paskah Nugraha; Wahyuni; Kusmiarto Kusmiarto
Kadaster: Journal of Land Information Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Kadaster: Journal of Land Information Technology
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/kadaster.v2i1.37

Abstract

In accordance with Minister of ATR/BPN Regulation No. 3 of 2023, the Ministry of ATR/BPN has initiated the implementation of an electronic land registration system, including the transition of Land Books and Survey Letters to digital formats. However, concerns regarding the security of electronic certificates have increased due to the threat of data breaches. Blockchain technology, with its robust encryption and immutable decentralization, is proposed as a solution to enhance the security, transparency, and efficiency of land administration. This study aims to examine the current status of land document digitization and its potential integration with Blockchain; evaluate how Blockchain can improve security and prevent forgery of electronic documents; identify technical and policy challenges associated with Blockchain implementation and strategies to address them; and assess the urgency of Blockchain adoption for securing electronic land documents in Indonesia. A systematic literature review was employed to identify risks and challenges in the implementation process. The findings suggest that Blockchain has significant potential to improve the security and trustworthiness of the land administration system, despite challenges such as data storage efficiency, user security, energy consumption, and the lack of specific regulations. Effective implementation of Blockchain will require thorough preparation, stakeholder collaboration, and public education on its benefits and security. Keywords: Blockchain; Electronic Land Document Security; Blockchain Implementation in Indonesia; Electronic Land Registration System; Land Information Technology.   INTISARI Sesuai Peraturan Menteri ATR/Ka BPN No. 3 Tahun 2023, Kementerian ATR/BPN telah mulai menerapkan sistem pendaftaran tanah elektronik, termasuk alih media Buku Tanah dan Surat Ukur ke format digital. Namun, kekhawatiran mengenai keamanan sertipikat elektronik meningkat akibat ancaman peretasan data. Teknologi Blockchain, dengan enkripsi kuat dan desentralisasi yang tidak dapat dimanipulasi, diusulkan untuk meningkatkan keamanan, transparansi, dan efisiensi administrasi pertanahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kondisi terkini alih media dokumen pertanahan dan potensi integrasinya dengan Blockchain; mengevaluasi bagaimana Blockchain dapat meningkatkan keamanan dan mencegah pemalsuan dokumen elektronik; mengidentifikasi tantangan teknis dan kebijakan dalam penerapan Blockchain serta strategi untuk mengatasinya; dan menilai urgensi penerapan Blockchain dalam pengamanan dokumen pertanahan elektronik di Indonesia. Metode tinjauan literatur sistematis digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko dan tantangan implementasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Blockchain berpotensi besar dalam meningkatkan keamanan dan kepercayaan sistem pertanahan, meskipun ada tantangan seperti efisiensi penyimpanan, keamanan pengguna, konsumsi energi, dan kurangnya regulasi spesifik. Penerapan Blockchain memerlukan persiapan matang, sinergi antara pemangku kepentingan, dan edukasi masyarakat mengenai manfaat dan keamanannya. Kata Kunci: Blockchain; Keamanan Dokumen Elektronik Pertanahan; Penerapan Blockchain di Indonesia; Sistem Pendaftaran Tanah Elektronik; Teknologi Informasi Pertanahan.
Faktor Penyebab dan Upaya Penyelesaian Klaster 3 Backlog Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematik Lengkap di Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una, Sulawesi Tengah: - Irawan, Trio; Nugroho, Tanjung; Supama, Yohanes; Kusmiarto, Kusmiarto; Suhendro, Suhendro; Suharto, Eko; Wulan Titik Andari, Dwi
Kadaster: Journal of Land Information Technology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Kadaster: Journal of Land Information Technology
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Nasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31292/kadaster.v3i1.51

Abstract

Systematic Complete Land Registration (PTSL) is a national program aimed at accelerating and completing the first-time land registration process simultaneously across Indonesia through the "complete village" concept. All land parcels within a village are measured, followed by clustering based on an analysis of physical and juridical data. This clustering aims to facilitate the handling of each typology of land-related issues. One such cluster is Cluster 3 (K3). The existence of K3 parcels hinders the certificate issuance process. This study aims to identify the characteristics and spatial-temporal distribution of K3 in Tojo Una-Una Regency during the 2018–2023 PTSL period, analyze the causal factors, and examine resolution efforts. The research employs a qualitative method. The results show that K3 consists of two main types: K3.1 and K3.3, with temporal distribution fluctuating between 2018 and 2022. Spatially, K3 distribution is sporadic and found in most PTSL villages. The causes of K3.1 include limited SHAT (land ownership certificate) budget compared to the PBT (parcel mapping) budget, incomplete documents, and the absence of statements regarding outstanding BPHTB/PPh tax obligations. Meanwhile, the causes of K3.3 include limited budget for juridical data collection, instant parcel printing practices, and unclear land ownership. The resolution of K3 is carried out through APBN (state budget) mechanisms by re-designating villages as PTSL targets. However, several challenges hinder the resolution efforts, such as budget limitations, lack of personnel and equipment, and low community participation, resulting in unsatisfactory outcomes. Keywords: Cluster 3 Backlog in PTSL, K3 Distribution Pattern, K3 Causal Factors, K3 Resolution Efforts   INTISARI Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematik Lengkap (PTSL) merupakan program untuk mempercepat dan menuntaskan pendaftaran tanah pertama kali secara serentak di seluruh Indonesia dengan konsep desa lengkap. Semua bidang tanah dalam satu desa diukur, kemudian dilakukan klasterisasi bidang-bidang tersebut berdasarkan kajian data fisik dan data yuridis. Klasterisasi ini untuk memudahkan penanganan pada masing-masing tipologi permasalahan bidang tanah. Salah satu klaster adalah Klaster 3 (K3). Adanya bidang tanah K3 menyebabkan terhambatnya proses penerbitan sertipikat. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui karakteristik dan sebaran K3 di Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una pada rentang PTSL 2018-2023, faktor penyebab, dan upaya penyelesaiannya. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa K3 mempunyai karakteristik K3.1 dan K3.3, dengan sebaran temporal pada rentang PTSL 2018 – 2022 yang sifatnya fluktuatif. Sebaran spasial K3 bersifat sporadis, terdapat di kebanyakan desa PTSL. Penyebab K3.1 adalah terbatasnya anggaran SHAT dibandingkan anggaran PBT, kurang lengkapnya berkas, dan tidak dibuatnya surat pernyataan BPHTB/PPh terhutang. Penyebab K3.3 adalah terbatasnya anggaran pengumpulan data yuridis, praktik mencetak bidang secara instan, dan tidak jelasnya pemilikan tanah. Penyelesaian K3 menggunakan mekanisme APBN dengan menetapkan kembali desa PTSL. Kendala dalam penyelesaian K3 yaitu keterbatasan anggaran, kurangnya tenaga pelaksana dan peralatan, serta rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat, sehingga hasilnya kurang memuaskan. Kata Kunci: Klaster 3 Backlog PTSL, Pola Sebaran K3, Faktor Penyebab K3, Upaya Penyelesaian K3  
Co-Authors Agustian Putra, Ilham Aji Saputra, Muhamad Aprin Sulistyani Arief Syaifullah Eko Suharto Irawan, Trio Joshua Paskah Nugraha Koes Widarbo Luluk Qoniah Khoirunisa Muh Arif Suhattanto Mustofa, Fahmi Charish Sabitha, Alifa Shivam Vivekananda, Gipih Suhendro Suhendro Supama, Yohanes Sutanta, Heri Tanjung Nugroho, Tanjung Taufikurrahman Taufikurrahman Trias Aditya Wahyuni Wulan Titik Andari, Dwi Yaqutun Nafis, Attin Yulfa, Arie