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EFFECT OF RAINFALL ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAINWATER IN MONITORING ACID DEPOSITION IN GREATER BANDUNG Dandy Rievaldo; Indra Chandra; Wiwiek Setyawati; Asri Indrawati; Dyah Aries Tanti; Ardiansyah Ramadhan; Lutfhi Rizqi Mubarok; Tazlila Rahmi Rasyid; Azrina Abd Aziz; Zainal Arid Burhanudin
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 6, NUMBER 1, APRIL 2023
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v6i1.14051

Aim: The study aimed to investigate the impact of rainwater on the acidity levelsto monitor acid deposition and identify sources of pollutant that affect the acidity concentrations of rainwater. Methodology and Results: One unit of rainwater sampler in each location was employed, andsamples were taken to the National Research and Innovation Agency laboratory (BRIN) for analysis of rainwater quality including acidity/pH degree, conductivity, and ion concentrations. The results show that high rainfall intensity (>300 mm/month) in April and December 2019 led to a decrease in electrical conductivity (<10 mS/cm) and ion compounds (>200 μmol/L) of rainwater, likely due to the dissolution/washing process of anions in the air during the rainy season and acid and alkaline neutralization in the dry season. The most identified chemical compounds were ammonium (NH4+), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and salt (NaCl). Conclusion, significance, and impact study: Based on back-trajectory projections, the decline in rainwater quality was attributed to both local emissions (transportation, industry, agriculture, and waste burning) and long-range sources (earth crust, oceans, coastlines, marine activities, and anthropogenic and forest fires in the Australian territory).

Pra-Studi Analisis Paparan Konsentrasi PM2,5 dan CO2 di dalam Rumah: Preliminary Study Analysis of Exposure to PM2.5 and CO2 Concentrations in the House Indra Chandra; Sherly Liana Putri; Rahmat Awaludin Salam; Lulu Millatina Rachmawati; Nabil Ananta Hasmul; Muhammad Fajri Hadi Syahputra
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Vol. 24 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jtl.2023.236

In this COVID-19 pandemic period, the majority of people do their activities indoors. A high number of activities could increase indoor pollution. Some of the pollutants easily found in the house include particulate matter with sizes of <2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) and carbon dioxide (CO2). Both types of these pollutants can enter the body and interfere with health. This study aims to measure the concentration of pollutants in the house and estimate daily exposure and risk level. This study measured the concentration of PM2.5 and CO2 in two houses, house A located in a housing complex in Bandung Regency, and house B, located on the side of Garut City main road. The measuring instruments are placed in 3 points: kitchen, family room, and outdoors. The concentration of PM2.5 in the neighborhood of house A is higher than the concentration of PM2.5 in the neighborhood of house B due to the high construction activity. Large ventilation in house A causes the PM2.5 concentration to follow the outdoor concentration pattern. As for house B, the concentration of PM2.5 is much influenced by the source from the kitchen. The activities much influence the concentration of CO2 for both houses in each room. The relative risk of PM2.5 for cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary disease in each house differed depending on the duration of exposure. Calculation of the relative risk of PM2.5 was conducted on normal people in house A and house B, and the chef in house B. The highest relative risk was obtained by the chef in house B, followed by normal people in house B and house A. The level of relative risk for the chef at house B is 30% for cardiovascular disease and 34% for cardiopulmonary disease. ABSTRAK Di masa pandemi COVID-19, mayoritas masyarakat melakukan kegiatannya di dalam rumah. Aktivitas yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan polutan dalam rumah meningkat. Beberapa jenis polutan dapat dengan mudah ditemukan di dalam rumah di antaranya adalah partikulat berukuran <2,5 mikrometer (PM2,5) dan karbon dioksida (CO2). Kedua jenis polutan tersebut dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh dan mengganggu kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur konsentrasi polutan dalam rumah dan mengestimasi paparan harian dan tingkat risikonya. Penelitian ini mengukur konsentrasi PM2,5 dan CO2 di dua tipe rumah, yaitu rumah A yang terletak di perumahan Kota Bandung, dan rumah B, terletak di samping jalan utama kota Garut. Alat ukur diletakan pada tiga ruangan, yaitu dapur, ruang keluarga, dan luar ruang. Lingkungan rumah A memiliki konsentrasi polutan PM2,5 yang lebih tinggi dari rumah B karena tingginya aktivitas pembangunan permukiman dan jalur kereta cepat. Ventilasi yang besar pada rumah A menyebabkan konsentrasi PM2,5 cenderung mengikuti pola luar ruang. Sementara itu untuk rumah B, tingginya aktivitas di dapur mempengaruhi konsentrasi polutan PM2,5 dalam rumah. Konsentrasi CO2 untuk kedua rumah pun berbeda untuk tiap ruang. Rata-rata sumber CO2 pada tiap ruang di masing-masing dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas dari tiap ruangan tersebut. Tingkat risiko PM2,5 terhadap penyakit kardiovaskular dan kardiopulmoner pada masing-masing rumah berbeda tergantung dari durasi paparannya. Perhitungan tingkat risiko PM2,5 dilakukan pada orang normal di rumah A dan B, dan juru masak di rumah B. Tingkat risiko tertinggi dihasilkan oleh juru masak di rumah B, diikuti dengan orang normal di rumah B dan A. Tingkat risiko pada juru masak di rumah B sebesar 30% untuk penyakit kardiovaskular dan 34% untuk penyakit kardiopulmoner.

Analysis of Spatio-temporal PM2.5 and CO2 Concentrations Distribution with PSCF in the Greater Bandung Air Basin Andre Suwardana Adiwidya; Reza Mochamad Aziz; Muhammad Beno Afryan; Tania Christiana Alexandra; Mario Gilang Permadi; Nur Rawdotul Jannah; Dini Rizqi Amalia; Nur Putri Megalia Sopian; Vivian Lee; Rahmat Awaludin Salam; Indra Chandra
JMECS (Journal of Measurements, Electronics, Communications, and Systems) Vol 10 No 1 (2023): JMECS
Publisher : Universitas Telkom

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25124/jmecs.v10i1.6003

The limitations of expensive main monitoring stations can be addressed by using low-cost sensor-based measuring stations. A low-cost sensor-based air quality monitoring system has been implemented in Telkom University, BRIN Pasteur, and BRIN Taman Sari areas to measure PM2.5 and CO2 concentration in Bandung vertically and horizontally. Vertically, the CO2 concentration at the highest measuring station is indirectly affected by local activities. However, PM2.5 concentration is still influenced by local actions. Horizontally, using the independent T-test and ANOVA, PM2.5 concentrations tended to be homogeneous regarding the significance values in the four periods, namely 0.916, 0.03, 0.727, and 0.047. Meanwhile, the concentration of CO2 at each station tends to be heterogeneous along significance values of 0.646, 0.03, 0.02, and 0.01. The vertical and horizontal analysis shows that CO2 concentrations tend to be heterogeneous due to differences in altitude and spatial characteristics of the measurement sites. Meanwhile, PM2.5 tends to be more homogeneous by having the same pattern at different heights and spatial locations. The long-distance potential sources of PM2.5 are estimated to come from the Indian Ocean and Cirebon region because they have the highest PSCF and CWT values, 0.5-0.7 and 55-65 µg/m3.

Measurement of Motor Vehicle Emissions Based on Low-cost Sensors Michelle Kurniawan; Sopaheluwakan Alesandro Ardiles; Andre Suwardana Adiwidya; Annisa Zahwatul Ummi; Maulana Fauzan Athalla Halinda; Indah Cikal Al Gyfary Okthaviany; Deni Ali Marwan Gajah; Putri Naila Alyana Hidayat; Irvin Judah Lalintia; Prichel Adisatya Kampong; Rahmat Awaludin Salam; Indra Chandra
JMECS (Journal of Measurements, Electronics, Communications, and Systems) In Press Papers
Publisher : Universitas Telkom

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25124/jmecs.v10i2.6002

One of the problems that occur in Indonesia is air pollution caused by the high intensity of citizen activity, especially most of which still use fossil-fueled motor vehicles to carry out their activities. The fossil fuel that is not burned perfectly can cause gas and particle pollution to form which can cause its amount to increase in the air and affect the environment. Therefore, measurement of motor vehicle emission tests based on low-cost sensors is conducted with CO, CO2, NO2, PM2.5, temperature, and humidity as its parameters. The usage of flow rate is addressed to the flow of the emission gas, which will be measured from an exhaust of a motor vehicle into the testing chamber and forwarded into the air for disposal. The flow rate used in this test ranges from 12-15 lpm. For that reason, the author performed the test for 10 minutes and got the average results of the measured parameters. The results are 1200 ppm for CO, 140000 ppm for CO2, and 80 °C for temperature (the show results are the average of the test results). The results shown are due to the small range of the low-cost sensor resulting in a huge difference.

Utilization of Plastic Waste as Paver Block, Economic Potential, and Environmental Impact Rachmawati, Lulu Millatina; Avianto, Luthfi Wigi; Mubarak, Luthfi Rizqi; Rasyid, Tazlila Rahmi; Suwandi, Suwandi; Suprayogi, Suprayogi; Utami, Amaliyah Rohsari Indah; Chandra, Indra
Journal of Community Research and Service Vol 6, No 2: July 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/jcrs.v6i2.33245

One of the main factors that cause environmental damage in Indonesia is waste. Reducing waste by burning it directly without an incinerator will cause air pollution for the environment. CO2 is a substance produced by a complete combustion process. The amount of waste produced by Bandung Regency reaches 1,480.1 tons/day, with 20% of the waste being plastic waste. One way to utilize plastic waste is to recycle it into materials to produce paver blocks. Producing paver blocks requires a series of machines, such as crushing machines, plastic melting machines, and pressing machines. Plastic waste that has been sorted is put into a chopping machine and cut into 10 mm pieces. The plastic that has been cut is then melted down and printed, then re-pressed with a press machine. The type of plastic used in this research is polypropylene, with a melting point of 160-170°C. The size of the paver block produced is compatible with the market size. During the production of paver blocks, the CO2 concentration was monitored to see the effect of resin melting. In the analysis of paver blocks' economic potential, we found that the production cost using plastic waste is relatively expensive compared to conventional paver blocks. However, this type of paver block is not harmful to the environment. The results of this study indicate that plastic waste paver blocks can be used as paver block materials because they have quite an impact on the environment, although their economic value cannot compete with conventional paver blocks.

Measurement of Motor Vehicle Emissions Based on Low-cost Sensors Kurniawan, Michelle; Ardiles, Sopaheluwakan Alesandro; Adiwidya, Andre Suwardana; Ummi, Annisa Zahwatul; Halinda, Maulana Fauzan Athalla; Okthaviany, Indah Cikal Al Gyfary; Gajah, Deni Ali Marwan; Hidayat, Putri Naila Alyana; Lalintia, Irvin Judah; Kampong, Prichel Adisatya; Salam, Rahmat Awaludin; Chandra, Indra
JMECS (Journal of Measurements, Electronics, Communications, and Systems) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023): JMECS
Publisher : Universitas Telkom

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25124/jmecs.v10i2.6002

One of Indonesia's primary causes of air pollution is the significant level of human activity, particularly the continued use of fossil-fuel-powered vehicles. The incomplete combustion of fossil fuels can lead to gas and particle pollutants forming, impacting the environment. However, the instruments utilized for detecting environmental pollutants are relatively expensive. Therefore, motor vehicle emission tests use low-cost sensors with parameters such as CO, CO2, NO2, PM2.5, temperature, and RH. The flow rate measures the emission gas flow extracted from a vehicle's exhaust into the testing chamber and then released into the air for disposal. The flow rate utilized in these tests ranges from 12 to 15 lpm. The tests are conducted over 10 minutes to ensure accuracy, obtaining average readings for the measured parameters. For the measurement results using a low-cost sensor, the average value for CO is 383.891 ppm, NO2 is 10.7237 ppm, CO2 is 5,254 ppm, PM2.5 is 50.25 ?g/m3, temperature and RH is 28.9 °C and 76%. The official test results obtained a CO value of 1,200 ppm, CO2 of 140,000 ppm, and a temperature of 80 °C. This difference is because the reading range of low-cost sensors is relatively small but has a stable data trend.

EFFECT OF RAINFALL ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RAINWATER IN MONITORING ACID DEPOSITION IN GREATER BANDUNG Rievaldo , Dandy; Chandra, Indra; Setyawati, Wiwiek; Indrawati, Asri; Aries Tanti, Dyah; Ramadhan, Ardiansyah; Rizqi Mubarok, Lutfhi; Rahmi Rasyid, Tazlila; Aziz, Azrina Abd; Burhanudin, Zainal Arid
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 6, NUMBER 1, APRIL 2023
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v6i1.14051

Aim: The study aimed to investigate the impact of rainwater on the acidity levelsto monitor acid deposition and identify sources of pollutant that affect the acidity concentrations of rainwater. Methodology and Results: One unit of rainwater sampler in each location was employed, andsamples were taken to the National Research and Innovation Agency laboratory (BRIN) for analysis of rainwater quality including acidity/pH degree, conductivity, and ion concentrations. The results show that high rainfall intensity (>300 mm/month) in April and December 2019 led to a decrease in electrical conductivity (<10 mS/cm) and ion compounds (>200 μmol/L) of rainwater, likely due to the dissolution/washing process of anions in the air during the rainy season and acid and alkaline neutralization in the dry season. The most identified chemical compounds were ammonium (NH4+), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), and salt (NaCl). Conclusion, significance, and impact study: Based on back-trajectory projections, the decline in rainwater quality was attributed to both local emissions (transportation, industry, agriculture, and waste burning) and long-range sources (earth crust, oceans, coastlines, marine activities, and anthropogenic and forest fires in the Australian territory).

IMPROVED DYNAMIC BOTANICAL AIR PURIFIER WITH LIGHT EFFECT FOR REDUCING CO2 CONCENTRATION IN CHAMBER Dwi Sundari, Carolina; Fajri Hadi Syahputra, Muhammad; Millatina Rachmawati, Lulu; Jalasena, Andhika; Ananta Hasmul, Nabil; Chandra, Indra; Awaludin Salam, Rahmat; Octaviani, Yeni; Rizzi Ani, Zahwa; Fitria Suyatna, Sefani; Abd Aziz, Azrina; Arif Burhanudin, Zainal
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 7, NUMBER 1, APRIL 2024
Publisher : Universitas Trisakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v7i1.17442

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the DBAP in reducing CO2 levels and improving indoor air quality. It also explores the impact of adding blue light to enhance photosynthesis. Additionally, the study examines the ability of the DBAP's HEPA filter to reduce PM2.5 concentration. Methodology and results: The methodology used in this study involved testing the reduction of CO2 levels in plants using blue light as an enhancement. The researchers also developed a Dynamic Botanic Air Purifier (DBAP) that incorporated activated carbon and a fan as an active filter to improve CO2 reduction. The study measured the reduction level of CO2 in the plants with blue light enhancement, resulting in a 40% reduction. Subsequently, after adding the active filter to the plants, the CO2 reduction improved by an additional 11% compared to without the active filter. Additionally, the study found that the HEPA filter within the active filter effectively reduced the concentration of PM2.5 to 71.6%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of addressing poor indoor air quality and its potential impact on occupant health and well-being. Developing the Dynamic Botanic Air Purifier (DBAP), incorporating plants, activated carbon, a fan, and blue light enhancement, offers a promising solution for improving indoor air quality and preventing Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). The findings of this study have the potential to inform the development of effective strategies and technologies aimed at creating healthier indoor environments, thus positively impacting public health and overall indoor air quality.

Utilization of Plastic Waste as Paver Block, Economic Potential, and Environmental Impact Rachmawati, Lulu Millatina; Avianto, Luthfi Wigi; Mubarak, Luthfi Rizqi; Rasyid, Tazlila Rahmi; Suwandi, Suwandi; Suprayogi, Suprayogi; Utami, Amaliyah Rohsari Indah; Chandra, Indra
Journal of Community Research and Service Vol. 6 No. 2: July 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/jcrs.v6i2.33245

One of the main factors that cause environmental damage in Indonesia is waste. Reducing waste by burning it directly without an incinerator will cause air pollution for the environment. CO2 is a substance produced by a complete combustion process. The amount of waste produced by Bandung Regency reaches 1,480.1 tons/day, with 20% of the waste being plastic waste. One way to utilize plastic waste is to recycle it into materials to produce paver blocks. Producing paver blocks requires a series of machines, such as crushing machines, plastic melting machines, and pressing machines. Plastic waste that has been sorted is put into a chopping machine and cut into 10 mm pieces. The plastic that has been cut is then melted down and printed, then re-pressed with a press machine. The type of plastic used in this research is polypropylene, with a melting point of 160-170°C. The size of the paver block produced is compatible with the market size. During the production of paver blocks, the CO2 concentration was monitored to see the effect of resin melting. In the analysis of paver blocks' economic potential, we found that the production cost using plastic waste is relatively expensive compared to conventional paver blocks. However, this type of paver block is not harmful to the environment. The results of this study indicate that plastic waste paver blocks can be used as paver block materials because they have quite an impact on the environment, although their economic value cannot compete with conventional paver blocks.

Analysis of Spatio-temporal PM2.5 and CO2 Concentrations Distribution with PSCF in the Greater Bandung Air Basin Adiwidya, Andre Suwardana; Aziz, Reza Mochamad; Afryan, Muhammad Beno; Alexandra, Tania Christiana; Permadi, Mario Gilang; Jannah, Nur Rawdotul; Amalia, Dini Rizqi; Sopian, Nur Putri Megalia; Lee, Vivian; Salam, Rahmat Awaludin; Chandra, Indra
JMECS (Journal of Measurements, Electronics, Communications, and Systems) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2023): JMECS
Publisher : Universitas Telkom

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25124/jmecs.v10i1.6003

The limitations of expensive main monitoring stations can be addressed by using low-cost sensor-based measuring stations. A low-cost sensor-based air quality monitoring system has been implemented in Telkom University, BRIN Pasteur, and BRIN Taman Sari areas to measure PM2.5 and CO2 concentration in Bandung vertically and horizontally. Vertically, the CO2 concentration at the highest measuring station is indirectly affected by local activities. However, PM2.5 concentration is still influenced by local actions. Horizontally, using the independent T-test and ANOVA, PM2.5 concentrations tended to be homogeneous regarding the significance values in the four periods, namely 0.916, 0.03, 0.727, and 0.047. Meanwhile, the concentration of CO2 at each station tends to be heterogeneous along significance values of 0.646, 0.03, 0.02, and 0.01. The vertical and horizontal analysis shows that CO2 concentrations tend to be heterogeneous due to differences in altitude and spatial characteristics of the measurement sites. Meanwhile, PM2.5 tends to be more homogeneous by having the same pattern at different heights and spatial locations. The long-distance potential sources of PM2.5 are estimated to come from the Indian Ocean and Cirebon region because they have the highest PSCF and CWT values, 0.5-0.7 and 55-65 µg/m3.

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