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All Journal Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings Makara Journal of Technology
Widodo Wahyu Purwanto
Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia Kampus Baru UI-Depok, 16424, Telp. 021-7863516
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Cradle to Gate Simple Life Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel Production in Indonesi Hidayatno, Akhmad; M. Zagloel, Teuku Yuri; Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu; Carissa, Carissa; Anggraini, Lindi
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 15, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The focus of this research is to analyze potential environmental impact in the supply chain of palm oil biodiesel industries. Simple Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is applied to analyze impacts, produced by the three main units in the supply chain of Palm-Oil-based Biodiesel, which are Palm Plantation, CPO mill, and Biodiesel Plant. We developed LCA calculation model using spreadsheet software, used to assess a number of input scenarios to evaluate the best scenario, in variation of: land quality, land area and the rate of clearing, land clearing technique and type of the original land. The biggest potential environmental impact is the contribution to global warming impact which emissions are produced mostly from unit plantation. Although plantation has biggest potential to contribute to environmental impact, it also gives biggest reduction to global warming impact. In general, the biggest environmental impact in the LCA category is climate change, followed by photo-oxidant formation and eutrophication. The biggest impacts in the supply chain are from the plantation, especially when choosing the right technique for land clearing. In addition, due to LCA linearity nature, the scenario that we tested does not change the total accumulative environmental impacts.
Natural Gas as Petroleum Fuel Substitution: Analysis of Supply-Demand Projections, Infrastructures, Investments and End-User Prices Tjandranegara, Abdul Qoyum; Arsegianto, Arsegianto; Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 15, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The petroleum fuels (PF) subsidy has long burdens the government spending, and discourages less expensive energy usage such as natural gas (NG). Exporting NG and importing the more expensive PF products cause financial losses to Indonesia. The lack of NG infrastructure is the main hurdle in maximizing domestic NG usage and so does the perception of its high investment costs burdening government spending and pushing the NG transportation cost up. This study calculates the required NG infrastructure and its investments for several levels of PF substitutions up to 2030. To balance the NG demands, the supply from each field and its corresponding infrastructures needed was calculated and optimized using non-linear programming with generalized reduced gradient method to calculate the lowest transportation cost for the consumers. The study shows with a favorable return on investments attractive to private investors, the NG prices can still be put much lower than PF prices, allowing subsidy, import and production cost savings in many sectors. Furthermore, the highest level of substitution scenario needs only US$ 2.07 billion a year investment, very low compare to the current US$ 14.17 billion a year PF and electricity subsidy.
Production Optimization for Plan of Gas Field Development Using Marginal Cost Analysis Soemardan, Suprapto; Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu; Arsegianto, Arsegianto
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 17, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Gas production rate is one of the most important variables affecting the feasibility plan of gas field development. It take into account reservoir characteristics, gas reserves, number of wells, production facilities, government take and market conditions. In this research, a mathematical model of gas production optimization has been developed using marginal cost analysis in determining the optimum gas production rate for economic profit, by employing the case study of Matindok Field. The results show that the optimum gas production rate is mainly affected by gas price duration and time of gas delivery. When the price of gas increases, the optimum gas production rate will increase, and then it will become closer to the maximum production rate of the reservoir. Increasing the duration time of gas delivery will reduce the optimum gas production rate and increase maximum profit non-linearly.
Application of Fiscal Incentives for Development of East Natuna Gas Field for Long-Term National Natural Gas Demand Batubara, Marwan; Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu; Fauzi, Akhmad
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 19, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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East Natuna gas field, which has proven reserves of 46 trillion cubic feet, is projected to meet long-term natural gas needs. However, CO2-content of the gas reserves reaches 71%, leading to expensive development costs. This research investigates the feasibility of the field based on several fiscal incentives. Firstly, gas supply-demand until year 2040 was analyzed. Then, based on the analysis, the field was developed using high CO2 gas separation technology to produce gas of 1300 MMSCFD in 2023, 2600 MMSCFD in 2031, and 3900 MMSCFD in 2039. Finally, the economic feasibility was assessed using cash flow analysis in accordance with Indonesia’s production sharing contract scheme. The results show that the supply-demand gap continues to increase and thus the development is urgently needed. The development cost is estimated around US$ 27.59 billion. The gas selling prices are assumed at US$ 8/MMBTU for wellhead, US$ 11/MMBTU for pipelines, and US$ 11/MMBTU for LNG. To achieve minimum IRR value of 12%, the government needs to offer incentives of 30-year contract period, profit sharing of 55%: 45%, first tranche petroleum to 10%, and tax holiday of 10 years. Toll fee for Natuna-Cirebon pipeline is US$ 2.3/MMBTU at IRR of 12.6%.
Techno-Enviro-Economic Analysis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Production from Carbon Dioxide in Cement Industry Flue Gas and Calcium Hydroxide Panggabean, Natalia Debora; Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu
Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings Vol. 5, No. 1
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CCUS is a technological solution to reduce emissions from the cement industry, which is the second largest CO2-intensive industry. This study aims to analyze technical, economic, and environmental performance of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) synthesis in cement industry flue gas. The process simulation includes the CO2 capture system from cement plant, CO2 captured used as feedstock for PCC synthesis process through its reaction with calcium hydroxide. The simulation was carried out using ASPEN Plus software. Technical analysis was performed to determine the CO2 capture efficiency and PCC synthesis efficiency. Economic analysis was conducted to calculate CO2 capture cost and production cost of PCC based on Levelized Cost of Chemical (LCOC)). Environmental analysis was carried out with gate- to-gate scope to quantify the amount of CO2 converted per unit of PCC produced and to assess the CO2 abatement potential. The study shows that a cement plant with a production capacity of 3,000 tons of clinker per day can capture 4,542 kg/h of CO2 with a purity of 98.3% and a capture efficiency of 99.5%. Estimated CO2 capture cost was USD 65 per ton of CO2. PCC produced amounted to 8,196 kg/h with a carbonation efficiency of 80.01%, and the LCOC was USD 254 per ton of CaCO3. Overall, the process was able to reduce emissions by 0.435 tons of CO2 per ton of CaCO3 produced, with a CO2 avoidance cost of USD 92.85 per ton of CO2.
Assessing Passenger Electric Vehicle Growth Strategies and Their Impacts on Electricity Demand Load and CO2 Emissions in Aceh Province to Achieve Net Zero Emission Target by 2060 Hidayat, Taufik; Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu
Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings Vol. 5, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The electrification of the transport sector is a crucial pathway for achieving Indonesia’s Net Zero Emissions (NZE) target by 2060. This study assesses the potential impact of passenger electric vehicle (EV) penetration on electricity demand and CO2 emissions in Aceh Province through a scenario-based modelling approach. Two policy-aligned scenarios are assessed: a low-penetration (LP) scenario and a high-penetration (HP) scenario. Using the Gompertz model and the ASIF framework, total CO2 emissions were projected from 2020 to 2060. Results show that although higher EV penetration reduces direct emissions from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, total CO2 emissions increase more significantly under LP scenario, reaching over 8.1 million tons by 2060, compared to 4.7 million tons in HP scenario. The increase in electricity demand resulting from EV adoption, if met by fossil-based power, can offset the environmental benefits. Thus, EV deployment must be aligned with power sector decarbonization through the adoption of renewable energy sources, grid upgrades, and clean charging infrastructure. Integrated transport-energy planning is vital to ensure that EVs support Indonesia’s NZE targets, particularly in regions like Aceh, which has untapped renewable potential.
Co-Authors Akhmad Fauzi Akhmad Hidayatno Arsegianto Arsegianto Carissa Carissa, Carissa Indar Kustiningsih Ismail Marzuki Kamarza Mulia, Kamarza Lindi Anggraini, Lindi Marwan Batubara, Marwan Mubarokah Nuriaini Dewi Panggabean, Natalia Debora Praswasti PDK Wulan, Praswasti PDK Setijo Bismo Slamet . Suprapto Soemardan, Suprapto Taufik Hidayat Teuku Yuri M. Zagloel Tjandranegara, Abdul Qoyum Widiatmini Sih Winanti Yulianto Sulistyo Nugroho Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuswan Muharam