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All Journal Jurnal Matematika & Sains Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Jurnal Sains Teh dan Kina JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Lansau: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian
Rachmat Mauludin
Sekolah Farmasi, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Formulasi Sediaan Tabir Surya dengan Bahan Aktif Nanopartikel Cangkang Telur Ayam Broiler Amila Gadri; Sasanti Tarini Darijono; Rachmat Mauludin; Maria Immaculata Iwo
Jurnal Matematika & Sains Vol 17, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstract

Cangkang telur (CT) merupakan limbah yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan aktif tabir surya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan CT sebagai bahan aktif tabir surya melalui reduksi ukuran partikel dan pengembangan formula sediaan tabir surya untuk meningkatkan nilai faktor pelindung surya. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengecilan ukuran partikel CT melalui penggilingan basah menggunakan tumbler ballmill dilanjutkan dengan sonikasi untuk mendapatkan suspensi nanopartikel CT. Nanopartikel yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi ukuran partikel, indeks polidispersitas, serta morfologi partikel menggunakan SEM. Serbuk mikropartikel dan nanopartikel cangkang telur diformulasi menjadi sediaan krim menggunakan basis krim minyak dalam air yang terdiri dari asam stearat, trietanolamin, lanolin dan setostearil alkohol. Krim yang dibuat dievaluasi secara farmasetik dan diuji keamanannya melalui uji iritasi pada mata dan kulit kelinci secara in vivo, dilanjutkan dengan penentuan nilai FPS secara in vivo pada kelinci tersebut. Proses pembuatan nanopartikel serbuk CT dengan metode sonikasi menghasilkan nanopartikel cangkang telur dengan ukuran 453,87±25,63 nm. Formula krim yang memenuhi persyaratan farmasetik adalah formula yang mengandung  5 dan 8% nanopartikel CT dalam basis yang terdiri dari 1% lanolin, 2% setostearil alkohol, 8% asam stearat dan 1,6% trietanolamin. Formula krim yang mengandung 8% nanopartikel CT bersifat mengiritasi ringan dengan Indeks Iritasi Primer (IIP) sebesar 0,58. Sedangkan dalam uji iritasi mata sediaan tidak menyebabkan iritasi. Pada uji in vivo nilai FPS krim yang mengandung 5 dan 8% nanopartikel CT berturut–turut adalah 3,44, dan 4,30, dan krim yang mengandung 8% CT dalam bentuk mirkopartikel menghasilkan nilai FPS yang lebih rendah, yaitu 2,71. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, pengecilan ukuran serbuk cangkang telur menjadi berukuran nano dapat meningkatkan aktivitas tabir surya cangkang telur. Kata kunci: Cangkang telur, Nanopartikel, Uji iritasi kulit, Tabir surya, Faktor pelindung surya (FPS).   Formulation of Sunscreen Bahan Aktif Nanopartikel Cangkang Telur Ayam Broiler Abstract This research aims is to use eggshell – a waste product as an active ingredients of sunscreen by reducing its particle size and to develop sunscreen preparation with a high Sun Protection Factor (SPF). The research begin with reducing the particle size of eggshell through wet milling proses using tumbler ballmill followed with sonication to produce a suspension of nanoparticle eggshell. Nanoparticles eggshell obtained were characterized based on its particle size, polidispersity index, and morphology using SEM. The eggshell powder, either in the micro or nano size were formulated into cream dosage form using oil in water base type consist of stearic acid, triethanoamine, lanolin, and cetostearyl alcohol. The formulated creams were evaluated pharmaceutically and its safety through irritation test on rabbit  skin and eye, followed with in vivo determination of its sun protection effect in the rabbit. Results  showed that the nanoparticle size obtained through sonication method was 453.87±25.63 nm with polydispersity index of 0.16±0.04. The cream formula that meet with pharmaceutical requirement consist of 5 and 8 % of eggshell nanoparticle in base containing 1% lanolin, 2% cetostearyl alcohol, 8% stearic acid and 1,6% triethanolamine. Through skin  irritation test, the cream contained 8% of eggshell nanoparticle has mild category of irritation potency with PII (Primary Irritation Index) of 0.58. While irritation test on the eye has no effect.  On in vivo assay,  the cream contained 5 and 8 % of nanoparticle eggshell showed SPF value of 3.44 and 4.30, respectively, while the cream contained 8% of microparticel of eggshell showed smaller SPF value (2.71). Based on this study, it can be concluded that  reduction of particle size of eggshell into nanosize could increase the SPF value of sunscreen preparation. Keywords: Sunscreen, Eggshell, Nanoparticle, Irritation test, Sun protective factor (SPF).
Studi Transformasi Hidrat Sefadroksil Monohidrat dan Sefaleksin Monohidrat dengan FTIR Ilma Nugrahani; Slamet Ibrahim; Rachmat Mauludin; Pusparani Krisnamurthi
Jurnal Matematika & Sains Vol 18, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Abstract

Analisis Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) biasanya digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan hidrat dalam padatan kristal secara kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan metode  FTIR untuk menganalisis keberadaan dan perubahan jumlah/transformasi hidrat sefaleksin monohidrat dan sefadroksil monohidrat baik secara kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Hasil analisis FTIR dikonfirmasi dengan DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) dan PXRD (Powder Xray Diffractometer) sebagai metode standard analisis padatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa puncak hidrat dari sefaleksin terlihat pada bilangan gelombang 3386-3586 cm-1, sedangkan puncak hidrat dari sefadroksil terlihat pada bilangan gelombang 3471-3650 cm-1. Pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dengan mengukur Area Under Curve (AUC) dari derivat puncak hidrat pada spektra FTIR; kemudian membuat kurva kalibrasi antara AUC dengan kadar padatan dalam pelat KBr. Kurva kalibrasi menghasilkan nilai R=0,9996, sedangkan sefadroksil monohidrat R=0,9995. Selanjutnya transformasi hidrat dari kedua antibiotika dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel terhadap padatan yang digerus selama 180 menit dan dicuplik setiap 30 menit. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa sefadroksil monohidrat mengalami kehilangan spektra hidrat pada menit ke-180 sedangkan sefaleksin monohidrat pada menit ke-150. Padatan antibiotika hasil penggerusan tersebut kemudian dipaparkan terhadap lembab di dalam desikator dengan kelembaban  RH 71% dan RH 99%, pada suhu 25°C. Hasil analisis FTIR dikonfirmasi dengan DSC dan PXRD menunjukkan bahwa hidrat tidak kembali pada jumlah dan bentuk semula. Keseluruhan data membuktikan bahwa FTIR dapat menganalisis transformasi hidrat sefadroksil monohidrat dan sefaleksin monohidrat dengan ketelitian yang baik. Dengan demikian, FTIR layak menjadi metode alternatif maupun pelengkap untuk menganalisis hidrat dan transformasinya.  Kata kunci : Sefaleksin monohidrat, Sefadroksil monohidrat, Transformasi hidrat, FTIR.   Study of Hydrate Transformation of Cepadroxil Monohydrate and Cepalexin Monohydrate Using FTIR Abstract Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) generally is used as a qualitative method to detect hydrate in a crystal solid form. The purpose of this research was to develop FTIR method to analyze hydrate and its transformation in cephalexin monohydrate and cefadroxil monohydrate qualitative and quantitatively. Data of FTIR analysis were confirmed with DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) and PXRD (Powder Xray Diffractometer) which have known as standard methods of solid analysis.  The results of this experiment showed that hydrate of cephadroxil spectra was founded at 3386-3586 cm-1 wavenumber, while cephalexin monohydrate at 3471-3650 cm-1. Quantification approach of FTIR’s was performed by measure the AUC (Area under Curve) of the derivative of hydrate spectra and made the calibration curve between AUC versus sample concentration in the KBr plate. The calibration curves showed cephalexin monohydrate linearity value : R=0.9996, while cefadroxil monohydrate had R=0.9995. Hydrate transformation were observed by grinding of APIs for 180 minutes and sample is taken for every 30 minutes for evaluate its hydrate transformation with FTIR. Cefadroxil monohydrate lost its hydrate after 180 minutes and cephalexin monohydrate after 150 minutes of grinding. After that, the grinding samples were exposed to humidity in  desicators with RH: 71 and 99%, at the temperature 25°C. FTIR spectra confirmed by DSC and PXRD showed that both samples cannot rehydrate back to its original amount and form. All of data proved that FTIR can be used as an adequate methods to analyze hydrate transformation of cephadroxil and cephalexin. Finally, FTIR  considered as a proper alternative or complementary analysis instrument for solid state analysis, especially the hydrate and its transformation. Keywords : Cefadroxil monohydrate, Cephalexin monohydrate, Hydrate transformation, FTIR.
RETRACTED : Peningkatan Kelarutan dan Laju Disolusi Glimepirid Melalui Metode Kokristalisasi Fitrianti Darusman; Sundani N Soewandhi; Rachmat Mauludin
Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1448.815 KB) | DOI: 10.15416/ijpst.v4i1.9008

Abstract

This article was retracted due to duplicate publishing. Authors were confirmed that their article was double publishing. Since this article is retracted, Editors of IJSPT are not responsible for the content of this article. See more the policy of retraction at http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/ijpst/about/editorialPolicies#custom-3.
Karakteristik nanopartikel ekstrak teh hijau dengan metode nano milling dan nano spray Shabri Shabri; Dr. Dadan Rohdiana; Hilman Maulana; Sugeng Haryanto; Muhammad Iqbal Prawira-Atmaja; Rachmat Mauludin; Muhammad Insanu; Asep W. Perdana
Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina Vol 21 No 2 (2018): Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina
Publisher : Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/pptk.jur.jptk.v21i2.146

Abstract

Nanoparticles for raw materials of phytopharmaca is a technology used to be able to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of phytopharmaca in its absorption as a therapeutic agent. This study useds steamed green tea polyphenol extract as raw material with two nanoparticle methods, first nano milling by Planetary Ball Milling (PBM) and the second using encapsulation method with Nano Spray Dryer (NSD). The characteristics of nanoparticles were then analyzed using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and X-Ray Difraction (XRD) to determine the size, size distribution, and type of crystals formed by the two methods. The results of PBM had not been able to meet the criteria for nanoparticles because they had a particle size that is >1 µm, whereas the NSD method produced 554.7 nm nanoparticles with an intensity of 86.9%. And the results of the XRD analysis showed that the two methods of making nanoparticles resulted in amorphous particles >50%.
Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Interaksi Antarmolekular Glimepirid dan Metformin HCl dengan Metode Solvent Drop Grinding Sitti Raodah Nurul Jannah; Sundani Nurono Soewandhi; Rachmat Mauludin; Handoyo Sahumena, Muhamad
Lansau: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Lansau: Edisi April 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Halu Oleo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33772/lansau.v2i1.21

Abstract

Interaksi antar molekular dari campuran glimepirid (GMP) dan metformin HCl (MET) dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada sifat fisikokimia komponen penyusunnya. Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang karakterisasi interaksi antar molekular menggunakan metode solvent drop grinding (SDG). Metode SDG digunakan sebagai identifikasi awal pembentukan interaksi antar kedua komponen dengan rasio perbandingan molar GMP: MET yaitu 1:1. Karakterisasi interaksi antar molekular GMP-MET meliputi pengamatan habit Kristal menggunakan mikroskop polarisasi, sifat termal menggunakan instrument TG/DTA, spektroskopi infra merah (FTIR), difraksi sinar-X serbuk (PXRD), scanning electron microcope (SEM), uji kelarutan dan uji disolusi. Hasil pengamatan habit Kristal menunjukkan. Diagram fase campuran GMP-MET menunjukkan terbentuknya dua puncak endotermik yang mengindikasikan adanya interaksi antarmolekular dengan titik lebur senyawa peritektikum yaitu 197,02 dan 216,64 °C. Analisis mikrofoto SEM menunjukkan perubahan habit dan morfologi kristal berupa tabular yang memanjang. Difraktogram sinar-X menunjukkan terjadi penurunan intensitas derajat kristalin dari kedua komponen, sedangkan spektra IR menunjukkan tidak adanya puncak khas baru atau pergeseran bilangan gelombang baik campuran fisik maupun hasil SDG. Profil disolusi GMP dalam medium dapar fosfat pH 7,4 meningkat dibandingkan dengan bentuk murni glimepirid. Hasil disolusi GMP tertinggi yaitu pada campuran GMP-MET hasil perlakuan metode SDG sebesar 57,33%.
Advancing Ticagrelor Bioavailability: A Comprehensive Review of Solubility Enhancement Techniques Shidik, Muhammad Luthfi; Tania Miranda Sarlie; Rachmat Mauludin; Saleh Wikarsa; Yuda Prasetya Nugraha
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 1 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(1), April 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.1.50-62.2025

Abstract

Ticagrelor (TICA) inhibits platelet activity by reversibly binding to the P₂Y₁₂  receptor, it is classified as a BCS class IV drug with low solubility and permeability. BCS Class IV drugs have a major challenge due to their reduced rate of dissolution, which leads to poor bioavailability. The absolute bioavailability of TICA after oral administration is ~36%. Various techniques, including particle size reduction, solid dispersion, lipid-based formulation, co-crystals, and polymeric micelles can increase solubility. This article discusses the methodology used to increase the solubility of ticagrelor, thereby emphasizing the research that has been conducted and documented. The increased bioavailability of ticagrelor is apparent when formulated as a solid dispersion (SD), self- microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), suspensions, and co-crystals. Among these approaches, co-crystals and solid dispersions are highly recommended for improving the solubility of ticagrelor. This review provides insights into formulation strategies for improving ticagrelor solubility, guiding future research on its bioavailability and efficacy
Co-Authors Amila Gadri Asep W. Perdana Dadan Rohdiana Fitrianti Darusman Handoyo Sahumena, Muhamad Hilman Maulana Ilma Nugrahani Maria Immaculata Iwo Muhammad Insanu Muhammad Iqbal Prawira-Atmaja Pusparani Krisnamurthi Saleh Wikarsa Sasanti Tarini Darijono Shabri Shabri Shidik, Muhammad Luthfi Sitti Raodah Nurul Jannah Slamet Ibrahim Sugeng Haryanto Sundani N Soewandhi Sundani Nurono Soewandhi Tania Miranda Sarlie Yuda Prasetya Nugraha