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Between the Influence of Customary, Dutch, and Islamic Law: Jaksa Pepitu and Their Place in Cirebon Sultanate History Tendi Tendi; Djoko Marihandono; Abdurakhman Abdurakhman
Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 57, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Al-Jami'ah Research Centre

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajis.2019.571.117-142

The field of law is an interesting matter in the study of Indonesian history. The meddling of the various elements of culture and tradition due to political dynamics and power in the nation’s history, making law in Indonesia one type of hybrid entity. The interference of the law was not only seen from its legal products, but also from the bodies given the responsibility to enforce the law at that time. One of the prosecutors’ agency that had existed in the past was Jaksa Pepitu. This study aims to reveal the origins of the Jaksa Pepitu, elaborate on their works in the field of law in Cirebon environment, and describe the legal influences that contributed to the color of this collegial council. By way of historical research methodology and narrative approach, it can be seen that the prosecutor’s council is the agency essential in the practice of law. They were linked to Cirebon princes and can be appointed through VOC approval. In addition, the actions of the prosecutors can be seen from the position, independence, and authority they have. The various things surrounding the Jaksa Pepitu indicate that it is legal institution influenced by customary, Western and Islamic laws. [Bidang hukum menjadi hal yang menarik dalam kajian sejarah Indonesia. Percampuran pelbagai unsur budaya dan tradisi akibat adanya dinamika politik dan kekuasaan dalam perjalanan bangsa, membuat hukum di Indonesia menjadi salah satu jenis hukum yang bersifat hybrid. Percampuran hukum itu tidak hanya dilihat dari produk hukum yang dihasilkan, namun juga dapat ditelisik dari badan yang diberi tanggung jawab untuk menegakkan hukum pada masa itu. Salah satu badan jaksa yang pernah eksis di masa lalu adalah Jaksa Pepitu. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan asal muasal Jaksa Pepitu, menguraikan kiprahnya dalam bidang hukum di lingkungan Cirebon, dan mendeskripsikan pengaruh-pengaruh hukum yang turut memberi warna dewan kolegial ini. Dengan metodologi penelitian sejarah dan pendekatan naratif yang dilakukan, dapat diketahui bahwa dewan jaksa itu merupakan badan penanggung jawab bidang hukum. Mereka memiliki keterkaitan dengan para pangeran Cirebon dan dapat diangkat dengan persetujuan VOC. Selain itu, kiprah para jaksa ini dapat dilihat dari posisi, independensi, dan wewenang yang mereka miliki. Adapun pelbagai hal yang mengitari Jaksa Pepitu menunjukkan bahwa mereka ini adalah badan yang dipengaruhi oleh hukum adat, Barat, dan Islam.]

Keberlakuan Hukum Penodaan Agama di Indonesia Antara Tertib Hukum dan Tantangan Hak Asasi Manusia Heru Susetyo; Farida Prihatini; Abdurakhman; Nurindah Hilimi; Intan Mahabah; Ira Apriyanti; Suri Rahmadhani
Perspektif Hukum VOLUME 20 ISSUE 1
Publisher : Faculty of Law Hang Tuah University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30649/ph.v20i1.78

Indonesia with its five pillars of Pancasila binds the State and its citizens to "Believe in Almighty" where the religious identity is the spirit of the State that must be respected. This is proven by the existence of Law No. 1/PNPS/1965 concerning the Prevention of Blasphemy that prohibits blasphemy, atheism, or any belief other than the religious identity recognized by the government and law. Article 156 (a) of the criminal code, known as the Criminal Code, also punishes "the dissemination of information aimed at inciting religious hatred or hostility" for five years in prison. In addition, the Information and Electronic Transaction Law (ITE) Law No. 11 of 2008, regulating criminal sanctions for libel, hate speech, and insulting certain religions/beliefs through electronic devices. On the other hand, the 1945 Constitution, as well as the Human Rights Act of 1999 and Law No. 12/2005 concerning Ratification of the ICCPR guarantees freedom of expression, religion, and belief. Criticism of religion is quite limited and support for atheism is definitely still banned in Indonesia. Therefore, this article yearns to explore the dynamics of law enforcement and defamation in Indonesia in national and international human rights regimes. Then, does the law on blasphemy have a legal basis in the Indonesian legal system, national and international human rights regimes, and the surrounding social values? This study compares the application of religious blasphemy laws in several regions in Indonesia and in several Southeast Asian countries.

PENDIDIKAN MASYARAKAT BENTENG ALLA DI TENGAH PERGOLAKAN DI/ TII (1950-1961) Abd Rahman; Abdurakhman Abdurakhman
Handep: Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya Volume 6, No. 2, June 2023
Publisher : Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kalimantan Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33652/handep.v6i2.476

This paper aims to analyze the efforts of Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/ TII) in realizing the formation of the Indonesian Islamic State amid the Indonesian National Army’s operations through educational aspects. This paper questions how the development of education provided by DI/TII to the people in its territory or conflict situation. The discussion is studied using historical methods with oral sources within the concepts of education and conflict. The conflict has always been synonymous with disruption and destruction of education; however, this historical study shows that education was intensified in conflict areas and used as a propaganda medium for DI/TII. This article presents the different conditions of education in areas controlled by the TNI and those controlled by DI/ TII. The results show that education for the people of Benteng Alla is still running despite being in a conflict situation between DI/TII and TNI. However, the education provided was built on the basis of DI/TII’s interest to establish an Islamic State so that it was not under state supervision.

Preparing Graduates for the Workforce: The Development of Contextual-Based History Learning E-Modules in Vocational Schools Nur Aeni Marta; Abdurakhman Abdurakhman; Djunaidi Djunaidi
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol 33, No 2 (2023): History and Tragedy
Publisher : History Department, Semarang State University and Historian Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v33i2.37112

During the COVID-19 pandemic, history lessons were carried out online. As a result, several obstacles are encountered, including internet network problems. Teachers have difficulty carrying out learning activities in class optimally and meaningfully. Meanwhile, there has been no contextual-based history e-module for Vocational High Schools. Even though history learning for SMK should be different from SMA. The direction and objectives of SMK learning are to strengthen graduate competency standards to be ready for work. For this reason, researchers recommend using contextually based e-modules as an effort to prepare graduates who are ready to work. Contextual e-modules are modules that are presented electronically; the material is related to other subject matter that is relevant to the field of vocational science and graduate competency achievements. The research used the RD method with the ADDIE approach. The results of the study show that contextually based E-modules can optimize history learning and encourage innovative creativity. The advantages of contextually based E-modules are that the material is related to areas of expertise, easily accessible at any time, and can be studied independently and repeatedly. As a result, learning history can be carried out effectively and thoroughly.Pada masa pandemi COVID-19, pembelajaran sejarah dilakukan secara daring. Dampaknya, terdapat beberapa kendala yang dihadapi di antaranya adalah masalah jaringan internet. Guru mengalami kesulitan melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas secara optimal dan bermakna. Sementara itu, selama ini belum ada e-modul sejarah berbasis kontekstual untuk SMK. Padahal seharusnya pembelajaran sejarah untuk SMK berbeda dengan SMA. Arah dan tujuan pembelajaran SMK adalah memperkuat standar kompetensi lulusan untuk siap kerja. Untuk itu, peneliti merekomendasikan penggunaan e-modul berbasis kontekstual sebagai upaya mempersiapkan lulusan yang siap kerja. E-modul berbasis kontekstual merupakan modul yang disajikan melalui elektronik, materi dikaitkan dengan materi pelajaran lain yang relevan dengan bidang ilmu kejuruan dan capaian kompetensi lulusan. Penelitian menggunakan metode RD dengan pendekatan ADDIE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan E-modul berbasis kontekstual dapat mengoptimalkan pembelajaran sejarah dan mendorong muncul kretivitas inovasi baru. Kelebihan E-modul berbasis kontekstual adalah materi dikaitkan dengan bidang keahlian, mudah diakses kapan saja, serta dapat dipelajari secara mandiri, dan berulang-ulang. Dampaknya, pembelajaran sejarah dapat dilakukan secara efektif dan tuntas.

HIGHS AND LOWS IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HAMKA AND MUAHAMMADIYAH DURING THE PERIOD OF GUIDED DEMOCRACY Akmal, Akmal; Abdurakhman, Abdurakhman
International Review of Humanities Studies Vol. 4, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Following the dissolution of Masyumi in 1960, the political climate was rather unfriendly for the Islamic movement in Indonesia. Since 1959, Muhammadiyah had given up its special membership status in Masyumi, while some of its administrators pursued political careers elsewhere. Muhammadiyah maintained good relations with Soekarno, notably after Soekarno’s speech in Muhammadiyah’s 35th National Congress in 1962. Hamka, a devoted member of Muhammadiyah, was stuck in a rather unique position due to this progress of events. This study aims to describe the highs and lows of the relationships between Hamka and Muhammadiyah during the Guided Democracy era (1959-1966). Literature study will be conducted by examining official Muhammadiyah documents, Soekarno’s speeches, Hamka’s writings and other materials available. Evidently, at one point, Muhammadiyah gave Soekarno the title of ‘The Faithful Member’ (Anggota Setia) and ‘The Great Protector’ (Pengayom Agung) of Muhammadiyah, and the Muhammadiyah University awarded him with the title of honorary doctorate in the Philosophy of Tawheed Science field. Hamka then launched harsh criticisms to Muhammadiyah regarding its attitude and closeness towards Soekarno which he considered to be rather unnatural. Nevertheless, Muhammadiyah never revised its actions, while Hamka continued to be one of Muhammadiyah’s lifelong devoted member.

Forging A New Nation: The Role of Youth Radicalism in Semarang’s Revolutionary Struggle, 1945-1947 Dwi Mulyatari; Abdurakhman; Raisye Soleh Haghia; Syahidah Sumayyah Rahman
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): Military History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.16485

Abstract: This study examines the youth resistance movement in Semarang in the early days of the Indonesian Revolution, especially between 1945 and 1947, against the Japanese and Allied armies. The youth resistance movement is characterized by a militant and radical nature, which is influenced by various factors from the past experiences of the youth. In addition to the impact of the Japanese occupation, ideological factors such as Socialism, Communism, Islam, and Nationalism also played an important role in encouraging youth radicalism in Semarang. Research on the radical youth movement in Semarang during the Indonesian Revolution is still limited, with some studies highlighting events such as the 'Five-Day Battle'. This research contributes to the understanding of the youth militant movement in Semarang through a literature review from contemporary newspaper sources published in Jakarta and Semarang as well as other related literature collections. These sources are obtained from the National Library and libraries in the local area. The results of the study show that several factors affect radicalism and youth militancy in Semarang. First, their strong motivation and purpose to resist the occupation of the Japanese army and the return of the Allies. Second, the results of Japanese education for youth through military and semi-military organizations during the Japanese occupation that strengthened the military mentality. Third, the influence of the socialist-Marxist youth group organization that developed since the time of the national movement, thus making the city of Semarang known as a "red" city. Abstrak: Studi ini menelaah gerakan perlawanan pemuda di Semarang pada masa awal Revolusi Indonesia, khususnya antara tahun 1945 hingga 1947, terhadap tentara Jepang dan Sekutu. Gerakan perlawanan pemuda tersebut ditandai dengan sifat militan dan radikal, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor dari pengalaman masa lalu para pemuda. Selain dampak pendudukan Jepang, faktor ideologis seperti Sosialisme, Komunisme, Islam, dan Nasionalisme juga berperan penting dalam mendorong radikalisme pemuda di Semarang. Penelitian tentang gerakan radikal pemuda di Semarang pada masa Revolusi Indonesia masih terbatas, dengan sebagian studi hanya menyoroti peristiwa seperti ‘Pertempuran Lima Hari’. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman tentang gerakan militan pemuda di Semarang melalui kajian literatur dari sumber surat kabar kontemporer yang terbit di Jakarta dan Semarang serta koleksi pustaka terkait lainnya. Sumber-sumber tersebut diperoleh dari Perpustakaan Nasional dan perpustakaan di daerah setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa faktor memengaruhi radikalisme dan militansi pemuda di Semarang. Pertama, motivasi dan tujuan kuat mereka untuk melawan pendudukan tentara Jepang dan kembalinya Sekutu. Kedua, hasil pendidikan Jepang bagi pemuda melalui organisasi militer dan semi-militer selama pendudukan Jepang yang memperkuat mentalitas militer. Ketiga, pengaruh organisasi kelompok pemuda sosialis-Marxis yang berkembang sejak masa pergerakan nasional, sehingga membuat Kota Semarang dikenal sebagai kota “merah”.

FROM CONTESTATION TO CONSENSUS: Religious Authority and the Making of Islamic Moderation in Post-Padri War Minangkabau, 1830–1869 Yudhi Andoni; Yon Machmudi; Abdurakhman Abdurakhman
MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman Vol 50, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : State Islamic University North Sumatra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30821/miqot.v50i1.1507

Contemporary scholarship on Islamic moderation has largely emphasized normative doctrines, state policies, and institutional reforms, while paying limited attention to the historical social processes through which moderation emerged in post-conflict Muslim societies. This article examines the reconstruction of religious authority and social reconciliation in Minangkabau following the Padri War (1830–1869), focusing on the role of Surau Calau as a center of intellectual and social transformation. Employing a social-historical approach combined with philological analysis of Jawi manuscripts, the study investigates the interaction between the surau institution, local textual traditions, and the leadership of Sheikh Abdul Wahab Calau in shaping a contextually grounded model of Islamic authority. The findings identify three interconnected processes. First, Surau Calau functioned as an inclusive social space that fostered hybrid religious authority and mediated post-war ideological divisions within Minangkabau society. Second, Jawi manuscripts facilitated intellectual vernacularization by translating Islamic metaphysical and ethical concepts into locally intelligible agrarian analogies, enhancing their cultural resonance and social acceptance. Third, reconciliation was institutionalized through collaboration between religious scholars and traditional chiefs in educational governance and communal rituals, creating a durable framework for social cohesion. The study argues that Islamic moderation emerged through negotiated authority, vernacular knowledge production, and cross-communal cooperation, offering broader insights into post-conflict reconciliation and religious coexistence in plural societies.

Pinggiran yang Terpinggirkan: Keresidenan Banten Awal Abad Ke-20 Raka Prima Santosa; Siswantari Siswantari; Abdurakhman Abdurakhman
Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 7 (2026): Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jmi.v5i7.2776

Penelitian ini membahas marginalisasi struktural Keresidenan Banten pada awal abad ke-20 di bawah pemerintahan kolonial Belanda. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari kecenderungan historiografi Banten yang lebih banyak menyoroti masa Kesultanan Banten, Pemberontakan Petani 1888, dan Pemberontakan Komunis 1926, sementara kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik Banten pada masa kolonial belum banyak dikaji secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan mengapa Banten, meskipun secara geografis dekat dengan Batavia sebagai pusat kekuasaan kolonial, tetap mengalami ketertinggalan ekonomi, keresahan sosial, dan posisi administratif yang periferal. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sumber primer penelitian berasal dari arsip kolonial, laporan pemerintah, dan surat kabar sezaman, serta didukung oleh literatur sekunder yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Banten mengalami marginalisasi berlapis akibat keterbatasan akses transportasi, rendahnya kesuburan tanah, minimnya perkembangan industri, lemahnya layanan kesehatan, beban pajak, dan rendahnya minat ekonomi pemerintah kolonial. Kondisi tersebut mendorong migrasi musiman dan memperkuat ketidakpuasan sosial masyarakat. Pembahasan juga menunjukkan peran penting elite lokal, terutama kyai dan jawara, dalam membentuk sentimen anti-kolonial dan tradisi perlawanan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Banten bukan sekadar wilayah pemberontak, melainkan daerah yang terpinggirkan secara struktural akibat pengabaian kolonial.

Social Criticism Of Mochtar Lubis In Headlines About Rene Coenrad Featured In Indonesia's Raya Daily From October 1970 To January 1971 Febbrizal Febbrizal; Abdurakhman Abdurakhman
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v4i01.2513

This research investigates Mochtar Lubis' social commentary through the editorial position of Harian Indonesia Raya, focusing on the Rene Coenrad case from October 1970 to January 1971. The death of Rene Coenrad during a soccer match between students and police cadets at ITB highlighted the underlying tensions between students and the government at the outset of the New Order period, following their joint attempt to overthrow the Guided Democracy regime in 1966. This study employs historical and content analysis techniques, analysing primary sources including headlines and articles from the Indonesia Raya newspaper. The initial section examines the socio-cultural background of the Rene Coenrad case and subsequently delves into students' reactions to it. The following section examines the early New Order government and Mochtar Lubis' role at the Indonesia Raya newspaper. The central theme of this article centres on Mochtar Lubis' social commentary in connection with the Rene Coenrad case, a crucial example of escalating student-government conflicts at the beginning of the New Order period. Exploring the complex relationship between students and the government throughout Indonesia's history is deeply captivating; students have consistently played a crucial role in moulding the nation's historical context. To fully understand the social commentary in Mochtar Lubis' editorial on René Coenrad, it is crucial to understand the portrayal of contemporary events and their underlying importance.

Social Criticism Of Mochtar Lubis In Headlines About Rene Coenrad Featured In Indonesia's Raya Daily From October 1970 To January 1971 Febbrizal Febbrizal; Abdurakhman Abdurakhman
West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 4 No. 01 (2026): West Science Interdisciplinary Studies
Publisher : Westscience Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58812/wsis.v4i01.2513

This research investigates Mochtar Lubis' social commentary through the editorial position of Harian Indonesia Raya, focusing on the Rene Coenrad case from October 1970 to January 1971. The death of Rene Coenrad during a soccer match between students and police cadets at ITB highlighted the underlying tensions between students and the government at the outset of the New Order period, following their joint attempt to overthrow the Guided Democracy regime in 1966. This study employs historical and content analysis techniques, analysing primary sources including headlines and articles from the Indonesia Raya newspaper. The initial section examines the socio-cultural background of the Rene Coenrad case and subsequently delves into students' reactions to it. The following section examines the early New Order government and Mochtar Lubis' role at the Indonesia Raya newspaper. The central theme of this article centres on Mochtar Lubis' social commentary in connection with the Rene Coenrad case, a crucial example of escalating student-government conflicts at the beginning of the New Order period. Exploring the complex relationship between students and the government throughout Indonesia's history is deeply captivating; students have consistently played a crucial role in moulding the nation's historical context. To fully understand the social commentary in Mochtar Lubis' editorial on René Coenrad, it is crucial to understand the portrayal of contemporary events and their underlying importance.

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