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Eksplorasi dan karakterisasi bakteri aerob ligninolitik serta aplikasinya untuk pengomposan tandan kosong kelapa sawit Exploration and characterization of ligninolytic aerobic bacteria and its application in composting oil palm empty fruit bunch Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; Happy WIDIASTUTI; . SUHARYANTO; . SISWANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 82 No. 1: 82 (1), 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i1.27

AbstractLignin is a complex compounds that makes up the cell walls of plants and is quite difficult to degrade at normal ambient condition. One of the organic materials with high lignin content is empty fruit bunches (EFB) of oil palm. So far, the well-studied microorganism to degrade lignin is of a class of fungi. Utilization of bacteria to degrade lignin in EFB has rarely been reported although application of the bacteria is very important if it is associated with aerobic composting which requires regular turning process and supporting clean development mechanism (CDM). The objective of this study was to explore and characterize the bacteria having capability to degrade lignin in EFB. The result showed that from 14 types of sample, 12 and 11 isolates were obtained through non enrichment and enrichment methods respectively. Qualitative test was performed using a lignin derivative dye (methylene blue/MB) suspended in Luria Bertani (LB) solid media and the formation of the clear zone was observed, while quantitative assay was performed with enzyme activity assays of laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (Mn-P), and lignin peroxidase (Li-P). The best isolate (FS isolate) was obtained from enrichment method that able to make 0.6 cm clear zone of LB media + MB and actively produced laccase, manganese peroxidase with and without addition of Mn with an activity of 2.68, 20.02, and 0.36 U/mL, respectively. While the best isolate from non enrichment method was CRK 1, that was able to make 0.3 cm clear zone and produced Mn-peroxidase with and without addition of Mn as much as 2.09 and 0.23 U/mL, respectively. Application of the decomposer formula could speed upthe declining rate of C/N ratio and suppressing Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp.in EFB compost produced. Abstrak Lignin merupakan senyawa kompleks yang menyusun dinding sel tanaman dan cukup sulit didegradasi secara alami. Salah satu bahan organik yang mempunyai kadar lignin tinggi adalah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Sejauh ini, mikroorganisme yang banyak dipelajari dalam mendegradasi lignin adalah dari golongan jamur. Peng-gunaan bakteri dalam mendegradasi lignin pada TKKS belum banyak dilaporkan walaupun peran bakteri lignino-litik aerob sangat penting jika dikaitkan dengan proses pengomposan secara aerob yang membutuhkan pembalikan secara berkala danprogram clean development mechanism (CDM). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi dan meng-karakterisasi bakteri yang berpotensi mendegradasi lignin dalam pengomposan TKKS. Dari 14 jenis sampel diperoleh sebanyak 12 dan 11 isolat melalui metode tanpa dan dengan pengkayaan. Uji kualitatif dilakukan dengan mengukur terbentuknya zona bening pada media Luria Bertani (LB) padat yang mengandung senyawa warna turunan lignin (biru metilen/MB).Uji kuantitatif dilakukan dengan mengukur aktivitaslakase, Mn-peroksidase, dan lignin peroksidase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat FS merupakan isolat terbaik dari metode pengkayaan yang mampu membentuk zona bening pada medium LB + MB 0,6 cm, sedangkan isolat terbaik dari metode tanpa pengkayaan adalah CRK 1 dengan zona bening 0,3 cm pada medium yang sama setelah inkubasisemalam. Isolat FS memiliki aktivitas lakase, Mn-peroksidase dengan dan tanpa Mn berturut-turut adalah sebesar 2,68; 20,02; dan0,36 U/mL, sedangkan isolat CRK 1 memiliki aktivitas Mn-peroksidase dengan dan tanpa Mnberturut-turut adalah 2,09 dan 0,23 U/mL. Aplikasi formula dekomposer pada pengompos-an 200 ton TKKS mampu mempercepat laju penurunan nisbah C/N dan menekan populasi Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp.

Penapisan bakteri penghasil bioplastik polihidroksi alkanoat dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit Screening of bioplastics polyhydroxy alkanoic producing bacteria from landfill and palm oil mill effluents Irma KRESNAWATY; Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Agustin Sri MULYATNI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 82 No. 1: 82 (1), 2014
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v82i1.28

AbstractPlastic wastes have become a serious problem of the world because of unbiodegradable property. There are many solutions to this problem and one of them is by replacing conventional plastic base material with the biodegradable materials. Bioplastic material that is quite important for industries and recently being developed by scientists is Polyhydroxyalcanoate (PHA). It is a natural polyester which can be produced by several microorganisms, like bacteria and algae. Bacterial isolations from landfills waste and palm oil mill effluents were conducted on this research. Preliminary screenings of PHA-producing-bacteria were examined qualitatively using 0.05% Nile red dye. The selection results showed that among 32 bacterial isolates, 10 of them could accumulate PHA which could be detected qualitatively through its fluorescence in UV ray at λ 235 nm. TH-D092 and LC-S05 isolates originated respectively from landfill and palm oil mill effluent had ability to accumulate PHA respectively 6.67 and 9.44% dried cell weight. Identification of the microbe concluded that TH-D092 was Pseudomonas aeroginosa, whilst LC-S05 and LC-D02 isolates was Bacillus subtilis.AbstrakLimbah plastik menjadi masalah serius yang dihadapi dunia karena sulit didegradasi mikroba. Salah satu solusi masalah adalah dengan mengganti bahan dasar plastik konvensional dengan plastik biodegradable (bioplastik). Bahan bioplastik yang cukup penting bagi indutri dan saat ini terus dikembangkan oleh peneliti adalah Polihidroksial- kanoat (PHA). PHA merupakan poliester alami yang dapat diproduksi oleh mikroorganisme, seperti bakteri dan alga. Pada penelitian dilakukan isolasi bakteri dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah (TPS) dan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (LCPKS). Penapisan awal bakteri penghasil PHA dilakukan secara kualitatif menggunakan pewarna Nile red 0.05%. Hasil penapisan menunjukkan diantara ke-32 isolat bakteri diperoleh 10 isolat mampu mengakumulasi PHA secara kualitatif, yaitu isolat yang mampu menimbulkan pendaran floresen pada sinar UV pada λ 235 nm. Isolat TH-D092 dari tanah tempat pembuangan sampah dan isolat LC-S05 dari limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit memiliki kemampuan mengakumulasi PHA berturut-turut 6,67 dan 9,44% dari berat sel kering. Hasil identifikasi spesies bakteri menunjukkan bahwa isolat TH-DO9 termasuk Pseudomonas aeroginosa, LC-SO5 dan LC-DO2 termasuk Bacillus subtilis.

Aktivitas ligninolitik Omphalina sp. hasil isolasi dari TKKS dan aplikasinya untuk dekolorisasi limbah kosmetik Ligninolytic activity of Omphalina sp. isolated from EFB and its application for decolorization of cosmetic waste . SUHARYANTO; Irma KRESNAWATY; Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; Deden Dewantara ERIS
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 80 No. 2: 80 (2), 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v80i2.34

Abstract White-rot fungi (WRF) are belong to Basidiomycetes group that capable to degrade lignin, because they produce extracelullar ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxsidase (Li-P), mangan peroxidase (Mn-P) and laccase. The ligninolytic activity can be used in bioprocess oxidation system such as biopulping, biobleaching and bioremediation. The purposes of this research were to determine the optimum conditions of growth and ligni-nolytic activity of Omphalina and to observe its potential to decolorize cosmetics wastewater. Omphalina sp. was grown on media of PDA-Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) and PDA-Guaiacol (GU) at various pH and temperature conditions. The decolorization of cosmetic effluent was conducted by applying Omphalina sp. at various dose of inoculum. Decolorization rate and change of COD were observed for eight days. The results showed that Ompha-lina sp. could grow and produce peroxidase enzyme both on RBBR and GU media at pH 4.5-8.5 and temperature 23-350C. Optimum dose of inoculum was as much as 5% w/v at which the fungus was able to decolorize cosmetic factory effluent up to 92.79% and to decrease COD value up to 48.57 % after eight days of incubation.Abstrak Jamur pelapuk putih (JPP) merupakan jamur kelompok Basidiomycetes yang mampu mendegradasi lignin karena memproduksi enzim-enzim ligninolitik ekstraseluler seperti lignin peroksidase (Li-P), mangan peroksidase (Mn-P) dan lakase. Kemampuan ligninolitik JPP dapat dimanfaatkan dalam sistem oksidasi bioproses seperti biopulping, biobleaching dan bioremediasi. Pene-litian bertujuan menetapkan kondisi optimum pertumbuhan Omphalina sp. dan aktivitas ligninolitik yang dihasilkan-nya serta mempelajari potensinya dalam mendekolorisasi limbah cair kosmetik. Omphalina sp. ditumbuhkan dalam media PDA-Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dan PDA-Guaiakol (GU) pada berbagai variasi pH dan suhu. Percobaan dekolorisasi limbah cair kosmetik dilakukan dengan aplikasi inokulum dalam berbagai dosis. Laju dekolorisasi dan perubahan COD diamati selama delapan hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Omphalina sp. tumbuh dan menghasilkan enzim peroksidase, baik pada media RBBR maupun GU pada pH 4,5-8,5 dan suhu 25-350C. Dosis optimum aplikasi Omphalina sp. adalah 5% (b/v) yang mampu mendekolorisasi limbah cair pabrik kosmetik hingga 92,79% dan menurunkan COD 48,57% setelah delapan hari.

Perangkat serologi untuk deteksi dini infeksi Ganoderma sp. pada kelapa sawit Serological device kit for early detection of Ganoderma sp. infection in oil palm . SUHARYANTO; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; A H SARAGIH; T W DARMONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 80 No. 1: 80 (1), 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v80i1.42

AbstractBasal stem rot caused by Ganoderma sp. is the most destructive disease in oil palm that difficult to control because its early symptom could not be detected easily. Serological technique that could detect early Ganoderma sp. infection in quick, simple, and cheap manner should be developed as one component for integrated disease management. A diagnostic device based on dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) for early detection of Ganoderma sp. infection in oil palm had been observed at laboratory, greenhouse and field experiment. Study result revealed that serological technique could detect antigen protein extract of Ganoderma mycelium as much as 138 µg/mL. Basal stem of young seedling that artificially be inoculated by the pathogen could also be clearly detected. At field experiment, Ganoderma sp. infection in oil palm plantation was marked with colour marking based on its infection stadium level to the palm oil. The colours are green, yellow, red, black, and white stating that the plant are healthy, mild infection, heavy infection, very heavy infection, and dead, respectively. Field experiment result showed that serological device kit gave strong reaction to antigen extracted from root and stem at red marking plant. The antigen extracted from healthy plant (green marking plant) was the weak one indicating that the plant is starting to be infected although the symptoms are not yet visually observed. AbstrakBusuk pangkal batang (BPB) yang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma sp. merupakan penyakit paling penting yang sulit ditanggulangi pada tanaman kelapa sawit karena gejala dini serangan sulit diketahui. Teknik serologi yang mampu mendeteksi dini infeksi Ganoderma sp. secara cepat, sederhana dan murah perlu dikembangkan sebagai salah satu komponen dalam pengelolaan penyakit secara terpadu. Teknik serologi dalam bentuk perangkat diagnostik berbasis dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) telah dirakit untuk mendeteksi infeksi Ganoderma sp. pada skala laboratorium, rumah kaca, dan lapang. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat diagnostik tersebut dapat mendeteksi ekstrak protein dari miselium Ganoderma sp sebesar 138 µg/mL. Keberadaan patogen pada bibit kelapa sawit yang diinfeksi buatan dapat dideteksi secara jelas dengan perangkat serologi tersebut. Deteksi tingkat infeksi Ganoderma sp. pada kebun kelapa sawit TM (skala lapang) dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel berdasarkan stadium infeksi (sehat, ringan, berat, sangat berat, mati) yang diberi kriteria warna hijau, kuning, merah, hitam, dan putih. Hasil uji di kebun kelapa sawit menunjukkan bahwa teknik serologi ini memberikan reaksi paling kuat terhadap antigen yang diekstraksi dari akar dan batang tanaman kriteria merah. Sedangkan reaksi paling lemah ditunjukkan oleh antigen yang diekstraksi dari tanaman kelapa sawit kode hijau yang mengindikasikan bahwa tanaman tanaman kelapa sawit di lapangan tersebut mulai terserang walaupun gejala penyakit belum terlihat secara visual.

Sintesis, karakterisasi, dan pengujian aktifitas antifungi nanopartikel perak – cysteine secara in vitro terhadap Ganoderma boninense Yora FARAMITHA; Firda DIMAWARNITA; Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; Siswanto SISWANTO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 2 (2022): 90 (2), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i2.501

The application of silver nanoparticles as antifungal in the plantation sector is very potential to be developed. Silver nanoparticles conjugated with cysteine have the advantage of having low toxicity, making them safer for the environment. Until now, basal stem rot disease caused by apathogenic fungus, Ganoderma boninense, has become a serious problem and causes economic losses in oil palm plantations. Studies related to the effect of silver nanoparticles on the control of G. boninense have not been widely studied. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to evaluate the stability of silver nanoparticles conjugated with L-cysteine (Cys-AgNPs) and to examine Cys-AgNPs ability in inhibiting the mycelial growth of G. boninense. Cysteine-silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis, particle size analyzer (PSA), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The assay of Cys-AgNPs activity as an antifungal against G. boninense was carried out in vitro. As a result, cysteine-silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by producing a brownish-yellow color and maximum localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorbance in the range of 402 nm. There was an effect of L-cysteine concentration on the stability of Cys-AgNPs. The use of 0.01 M L-cysteine concentration resulted in Cys-AgNPs that were more stable and smaller in particle size than 0.001 M L-cysteine. Silver-cysteine nanoparticles could inhibit the growth of G. boninense mycelia, with a highest percentage of mycelia inhibition observed from the application of Cys-AgNPs at 8 mg L-1 on day 6 (65,17%). AbstrakAplikasi nanopartikel perak sebagai antifungi di bidang perkebunan sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan. Nanopartikel perak yang dikonjugasi dengan L-cysteine memiliki keunggulan yaitu sifat toksisitas yang rendah sehingga lebih aman untuk lingkungan. Hingga saat ini, penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada perkebunan kelapa sawit yang disebabkan oleh cendawan patogen Ganoderma boninense masih menjadi permasalahan yang serius dan menyebabkan kerugian secara ekonomi. Studi terkait pengaruh nanopartikel perak terhadap pengendalian G. boninense masih belum banyak dikaji. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi stabilitas nanopartikel perak yang dikonjugasikan dengan L-cysteine (Cys-AgNPs) dan menguji kemampuannya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan miselia G. boninense. Nanopartikel perak-cysteine dikarakterisasi menggunakan UV-Vis, particle size analyzer (PSA), dan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Uji aktivitas Cys-AgNPs sebagai antifungi terhadap G. boninense dilakukan secara in vitro. Sebagai hasil, nanopartikel perak-cysteine berhasil disintesis dengan menghasilkan warna kuning kecoklatan dan absorbansi localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) maksimum pada kisaran 402 nm. Terdapat pengaruh konsentrasi L-cysteine terhadap stabilitas Cys-AgNPs. Penggunaan konsentrasi L-cysteine 0,01 M menghasilkan Cys-AgNPs yang lebih stabil dan ukuran partikel yang lebih kecil dibanding L-cysteine 0,001 M. Nanopartikel perak-cysteine mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselia G. boninense dengan persentase penghambatan miselia tertinggi diamati dari aplikasi Cys-AgNPs optimum sebesa 8 mg L-1 pada hari ke-6 (65,17%).

Optimization of fulvic acids production from oil palm empty fruit bunches using microwave extractor Firda Dimawarnita; Khairy Yunda Maharani; Yora Faramitha; Donny Nugroho Kalbuadi; Haryo Tejo Prakoso; Indah Puspita Sari; Dedy Prasetyo; Sutanto Sutanto; Didiek Hadjar Goenadi
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 92 No. 2 (2024): 92(2), 2024
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v92i2.582

Fulvic acid (FA) derives from a non-renewable source, Shilajit, known as highly commercial values for its benefit for human health. Fulvic acid can also be extracted from materials such as coal, lignite, and peat. Extraction methods of FA generally use solid acids and bases, ion exchange chromatography, and their combinations. However, these methods cause corrosion, low purity, and environmental pollution. The FA extraction using organic solvents is common, but low yielded, and many organic solvents are toxic. Therefore, an effective way to separate organic solvents from FA must be determined. This research aims to extract the FA from renewable biomass, namely oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), using a microwave extractor combined with hydrogen peroxide. The advantage of using a microwave is its quick and efficient extraction process. Hydrogen peroxide is an environmentally friendly solvent that can be converted into water and oxygen. Fulvic acid extraction was optimized using expert design with the Response Surface Methodology method with optimization of four 4 factors (H2O2 concentration and volume, reaction time, and microwave power). The extracted FA was then characterized using FTIR, H-NMR, and Fluorescennce spectroscopy. The highest FA concentration namely 24.716%, was obtained using H2O2 at a concentration of 30.46% with a volume of 137.4139 mL, reaction time of 9.384 minutes, and microwave power of 351.39 W. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy peaks at 3213 cm-1, 2935.47 cm-1, and 2825.13 cm-1 in the OPEFB-FA sample indicate existence of FA. The fluorescent emission intensity ratio between 450/500 nm wavelengths of OPEFB-FA was 0.719.

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