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Deden Dewantara ERIS
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Perangkat serologi untuk deteksi dini infeksi Ganoderma sp. pada kelapa sawit Serological device kit for early detection of Ganoderma sp. infection in oil palm . SUHARYANTO; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO; A H SARAGIH; T W DARMONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 80 No. 1: 80 (1), 2012
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v80i1.42

Abstract

AbstractBasal stem rot caused by Ganoderma sp. is the most destructive disease in oil palm that difficult to control because its early symptom could not be detected easily. Serological technique that could detect early Ganoderma sp. infection in quick, simple, and cheap manner should be developed as one component for integrated disease management. A diagnostic device based on dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) for early detection of Ganoderma sp. infection in oil palm had been observed at laboratory, greenhouse and field experiment. Study result revealed that serological technique could detect antigen protein extract of Ganoderma mycelium as much as 138 µg/mL. Basal stem of young seedling that artificially be inoculated by the pathogen could also be clearly detected. At field experiment, Ganoderma sp. infection in oil palm plantation was marked with colour marking based on its infection stadium level to the palm oil. The colours are green, yellow, red, black, and white stating that the plant are healthy, mild infection, heavy infection, very heavy infection, and dead, respectively. Field experiment result showed that serological device kit gave strong reaction to antigen extracted from root and stem at red marking plant. The antigen extracted from healthy plant (green marking plant) was the weak one indicating that the plant is starting to be infected although the symptoms are not yet visually observed. AbstrakBusuk pangkal batang (BPB) yang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma sp. merupakan penyakit paling penting yang sulit ditanggulangi pada tanaman kelapa sawit karena gejala dini serangan sulit diketahui. Teknik serologi yang mampu mendeteksi dini infeksi Ganoderma sp. secara cepat, sederhana dan murah perlu dikembangkan sebagai salah satu komponen dalam pengelolaan penyakit secara terpadu. Teknik serologi dalam bentuk perangkat diagnostik berbasis dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) telah dirakit untuk mendeteksi infeksi Ganoderma sp. pada skala laboratorium, rumah kaca, dan lapang. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat diagnostik tersebut dapat mendeteksi ekstrak protein dari miselium Ganoderma sp sebesar 138 µg/mL. Keberadaan patogen pada bibit kelapa sawit yang diinfeksi buatan dapat dideteksi secara jelas dengan perangkat serologi tersebut. Deteksi tingkat infeksi Ganoderma sp. pada kebun kelapa sawit TM (skala lapang) dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel berdasarkan stadium infeksi (sehat, ringan, berat, sangat berat, mati) yang diberi kriteria warna hijau, kuning, merah, hitam, dan putih. Hasil uji di kebun kelapa sawit menunjukkan bahwa teknik serologi ini memberikan reaksi paling kuat terhadap antigen yang diekstraksi dari akar dan batang tanaman kriteria merah. Sedangkan reaksi paling lemah ditunjukkan oleh antigen yang diekstraksi dari tanaman kelapa sawit kode hijau yang mengindikasikan bahwa tanaman tanaman kelapa sawit di lapangan tersebut mulai terserang walaupun gejala penyakit belum terlihat secara visual.
Optimasi sterilisasi permukaan eksplan stek mikro tanaman karet Optimization of surface sterilization on rubber microcutting explan Irfan MARTIANSYAH; Deden Dewantara ERIS; . NURHAIMI-HARIS; Darmono TANIWIRYONO
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 81 No. 1: 81 (1), 2013
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v81i1.55

Abstract

AbstractAn increasing number of explants is necessary toobtain plantlets in large quantities, for mass propagationof rubber plants. However, high level of contamination atthe primary culture stage is still a major constraint in invitro microcutting of rubber. The aim of this study was tooptimize surface sterilization procedures to reduce micro-bial contamination at the primary culture. Sterilizationexperiment was conducted in two step., The first step wasto determine the effect of washing the explants withrunning water prior to sterilization and then using Deso-germe, ethanol or H 2 O 2 , while the second step was toidentify the suitable sterilization process on reducing thelevel of contamination. The results showed that the surfacesterilization with only one type of sterilization agent couldnot reduce contamination level caused either by bacteriaor fungi, while sterilization with three types of sterilizingagents increased the number of dead explants. The besttreatment for surface sterilization was the directsterilization of explants using 70% ethanol for one minuteand 17.6% H 2 O 2 for 20 minutes without washing with tapwater (A-CD treatment). The percentage of viable andaseptic explantsof this treatment was 76.7%, which wassignificantly higher than those of other treatments. Thistreatment reduced contamination level to 21.7%.AbstrakPeningkatan jumlah eksplan sangat diperlukan untukmemperoleh planlet dalam jumlah besar pada perbanyakanmassal tanaman karet secara in vitro. Namun, tingginyatingkat kontaminasi pada tahap kultur primer masih me-rupakan kendala utama dalam kultur stek mikro tanamankaret. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengoptimasi prosedursterilisasi permukaan eksplan untuk mengurangi jumlaheksplan yang terkontaminasi mikroba pada tahap kulturprimer. Percobaan sterilisasi dilaksanakan dalam duatahap, tahap pertama untuk mengetahui pengaruh pen-cucian eksplan dengan air mengalir pada awal sterilisasiserta penggunaan Desogerme, etanol dan H 2 O 2 , sedang-kan tahap kedua untuk mendapatkan proses sterilisasi yangpaling sesuai dalam menurunkan tingkat kontaminasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan sterilisasipermukaan yang menggunakan satu jenis bahan sterilantidak dapat mengurangi kontaminasi, baik oleh bakterimaupun cendawan. Perlakuan sterilisasi eksplan dengantiga jenis bahan sterilan meningkatkan kematian eksplan.Perlakuan sterilisasi permukaan terbaik adalah sterilisasilangsung eksplan menggunakan etanol 70% selama satu  menit dan H 2 O 2 17,6% selama 20 menit, tanpa pencuciandengan air mengalir (perlakuan A-CD). Persentase eksplansteril yang hidup sebesar 76,7%, berbeda nyata dibanding-kan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Perlakuan tersebut dapatmengurangi kontaminasi menjadi sebesar 21,7%.
Application of organic fungicide in controlling basal stem rot disease for mature oil palm Happy WIDIASTUTI; Hayati MINARSIH; Djoko SANTOSO; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Galuh Wening PERMATASARI
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 88 No. 1 (2020): 88 (1), 2020
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v88i1.368

Abstract

Ganoderma is a major pathogen in oil palm crops. Some efforts related to control the growth of Ganoderma have been conducted but still have not found an effective method. This study aims to develop an organic fungicide that has been tested in vitro, which effective in controlling the growth of Ganoderma. The optimization carried out includes the determination of the dose and time interval for application in 13-year-old mature oil palm. This organic fungicide application was the continuation of application during the previous year especially for the two best treatment which is application organic fungicide every week (1w) and every two weeks (2w). In this study, the treatments tested were three levels dose of organic fungicide (0, 1x and 2x) and two types of frequency application, i.e. every week (1w) and every other week (2w). The results showed that the best application of organic fungicides was every week application with twice doses (1w.2x), based on the parameters of the inhibition of Ganoderma’s fruiting body formation, primary and secondary root formation, the opening of spear leaves, and harvesting parameters. The application of organic fungicide able to recover the oil palm infected Ganoderma sp., with increasing the fresh fruit bunch and its weight around 70% and 78%, respectively.
Potensi electronic nose 118 untuk mendeteksi penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada kelapa sawit Agustin Sri MULYATNI; Irma KRESNAWATY; Deden Dewantara ERIS; Tri PANJI; Wita KIMBERLY; Happy WIDIASTUTI; Priyono PRIYONO; Chotimah CHOTIMAH; Kuwat TRIYANA
Menara Perkebunan Vol. 90 No. 1 (2022): 90 (1), 2022
Publisher : INDONESIAN OIL PALM RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v90i1.472

Abstract

AbstractBasal stem rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma sp. is a major disease in oil palm. One of the keys to successfully control BSR disease is to detect the pathogenic infections as early as possible. Early detection technique has been developed in this study was using volatile compounds sensors known as an electronic nose, specifically Electronic Nose 118. Plant samples were obtained from roots, stems, leaves, and soils of four plant categories, which were midly, moderately, and severely infected by Ganoderma, and healthy plants. The test results showed that Electronic Nose was able to record the profile of volatile organic compounds (VOC) produced by Ganoderma sp. The Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) results showed that the root and stem samples were differentiated in fairly high level of discrimination with values of 89.66% and 94.59% respectively, while for internal validation value were 98.18% and 89.18%. However, for leaf and soil samples, Electronic Nose 118 resulted in low discriminations. The test results show that Electronic Nose 118 can distinguish samples of roots and stems of healthy plant and Ganoderma-infected plant with a high accuracy.[Keywords: Ganoderma, linier discriminant analysis (LDA), pathogen infection, sensor, volatile organic compound] AbstrakPenyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) yang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma sp. merupakan  penyakit utama pada kelapa sawit. Salah satu kunci keberhasilan pengendalian penyakit BPB adalah diketahuinya infeksi patogen sedini mungkin. Teknik deteksi dini yang saat ini dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan sensor senyawa volatil yang dikenal dengan electronic nose, khususnya Electronic Nose 118. Sampel tanaman diperoleh dari akar, batang, daun, dan tanah dari empat kondisi tanaman, yaitu tanaman yang terinfeksi Ganoderma ringan, sedang, berat dan tanaman sehat. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa profil senyawa organik volatil yang dihasilkan oleh infeksi Ganoderma sp. dapat ditangkap oleh Electronic Nose 118 dengan baik. Hasil analisis Linear Discriminat Analysis (LDA) menunjukkan bahwa sampel akar dan batang terbedakan dengan tingkat diskriminasi yang cukup tinggi dengan nilai secara berurutan yaitu 89,66% dan 94,59%, sedangkan untuk validasi internal masing-masing 98,18% dan 89,18%. Namun demikian, untuk sampel daun dan tanah, pengujian dengan Electronic Nose 118 menghasilkan tingkat diskriminasi yang rendah. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan Electronic Nose 118 dapat membedakan sampel akar dan batang dari tanaman sehat dan tanaman terserang Ganoderma dengan akurasi tinggi.[Kata kunci : Ganoderma, LDA, infeksi patogen, sensor, senyawa organik volatil]
Co-Authors . NURHAIMI-HARIS A H SARAGIH Agustin Sri MULYATNI Chotimah Chotimah Darmono Taniwiryono Djoko Santoso GALUH WENING PERMATASARI Hanny Hafiar HAPPY WIDIASTUTI Happy Widiastuti Haryo Tejo PRAKOSO Hayati Minarsih Irfan MARTIANSYAH Irma KRESNAWATY Kuwat Triyana Priyono Priyono Suharyanto T W DARMONO Tri Panji Wita KIMBERLY