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Elizabeth, Lidya
Politeknik Negeri Bandung
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Journal : FLUIDA

 1 
Kajian Pustaka Sintesis Nanoselulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit sebagai Filler Pembuatan Tisu Toilet Irwan Hidayatulloh; Emmanuela Maria Widyanti; Chandra Aztaris; Awalum Melanitria; Lidya Elizabeth
Fluida Vol 15 No 1 (2022): FLUIDA
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v15i1.2711

Abstract

Tisu merupakan salah satu jenis kertas yang terbuat dari serat kayu. Peningkatan kebutuhan tisu di masyarakat meningkatkan penebangan pohon. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah dari kelapa sawit yang mengandung selulosa tinggi dan memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai filler dalam pembuatan tisu. Penelaahan kajian pustaka ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan nanoselulosa TKKS sebagai filler pembuatan tisu toilet. Sesuai persyaratan, bahan untuk tisu diharapkan mempunyai kandungan selulosa 70 %. Perhitungan kadar selulosa optimum dengan delignifikasi ditentukan dari regresi linear menggunakan software SPSS Statistics 25. Rancangan variabel proses menggunakan software Minitab 19. Metode perancangan yang digunakan dalam percobaan adalah placket burman. Hasil delignifikasi optimum didapatkan pada suhu 150-160°C, NaOH 15-17,5%, dan waktu 20-40 menit. Ukuran diameter nanoselulosa terkecil sebesar 5-10 nm, didapatkan dengan proses hidrolisis asam menggunakan H2SO4 30% pada suhu 60°C selama 120 menit. Nanoselulosa dapat digunakan sebagai filler dalam pembuatan tisu toilet, karena dapat menghasilkan rongga yang dapat menyerap molekul air dan meningkatkan kekuatan lapisan kertas. Tissue is a type of paper, made from wood fibers. The elevation of tissue necessity in the society will rise the trees logging. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is waste from oil palm mill which contains high cellulose and has a lot of potential to be used, one of that is as a filler in the manufacture of tissue. The literature review was conducted to determine the potential utilization of cellulose in OPEFB as a filler in the manufacture of toilet paper. According to the requirements, the material for tissue is expected to have a cellulose content of 70%. Estimation of optimum cellulose content with delignification was determined by linear regression using SPSS Statistics 25 software. The optimum delignification results were obtained at a temperature of 150-1600C, NaOH 15-17.5%, and 20-40 minutes. The lowest diameter of nanocellulose is 5-10 nm, obtained by acid hydrolysis using 30% H2SO4 at 600C for 120 minutes. The nanocellulose is used as a filler in the manufacture of toilet paper, because it can produce holes that can absorb water molecules and increase the strength of the paper layer.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Gliserol dalam Edible Coating Tepung Biji Nangka dengan Penambahan Plasticizer Gliserol Emmanuela Maria Widyanti; Nancy Siti Djenar; Ari Marlina; Endang Widiastuti; Irwan Hidayatulloh; Intan Puspitarini; Dhara Firdausa; Lidya Elizabeth
Fluida Vol 15 No 2 (2022): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v15i2.4419

Abstract

Tomatoes are horticultural plants that are easily damaged, need to be coated with a food grade edible coating. The basic ingredients that can be used are polysaccharides, derived from jackfruit seed flour, then glycerol plasticizer is added to improve the brittle nature of the edible coating. The maximum glycerol added was carried out with the following concentration variations: control (without glycerol), 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%. The analysis carried out included testing the respiration rate and weight loss in tomato storage for 6 days. In determining the respiration rate, an experiment was carried out by flowing 1 L/minute of air for 2 minutes which had been passed through a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution flowed into a jar containing tomatoes, passing through a 0.05 N NaOH solution added 0.1% phenophthalein indicator and titrated with HCl 0.05 N until the red color disappears and the weight loss decreases on tomatoes coated with edible coating. The results obtained were the lowest decrease in respiration rate at 2% glycerol concentration of 0.137 mgCO2/kg.hour and the lowest decrease in weight loss at 2.5% glycerol concentration of 1.913%.
Kajian Pustaka Sintesis Nanoselulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit sebagai Filler Pembuatan Tisu Toilet Irwan Hidayatulloh; Emmanuela Maria Widyanti; Chandra Aztaris; Awalum Melanitria; Lidya Elizabeth
Fluida Vol 15 No 1 (2022): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v15i1.2711

Abstract

Tisu merupakan salah satu jenis kertas yang terbuat dari serat kayu. Peningkatan kebutuhan tisu di masyarakat meningkatkan penebangan pohon. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah dari kelapa sawit yang mengandung selulosa tinggi dan memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai filler dalam pembuatan tisu. Penelaahan kajian pustaka ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan nanoselulosa TKKS sebagai filler pembuatan tisu toilet. Sesuai persyaratan, bahan untuk tisu diharapkan mempunyai kandungan selulosa 70 %. Perhitungan kadar selulosa optimum dengan delignifikasi ditentukan dari regresi linear menggunakan software SPSS Statistics 25. Rancangan variabel proses menggunakan software Minitab 19. Metode perancangan yang digunakan dalam percobaan adalah placket burman. Hasil delignifikasi optimum didapatkan pada suhu 150-160°C, NaOH 15-17,5%, dan waktu 20-40 menit. Ukuran diameter nanoselulosa terkecil sebesar 5-10 nm, didapatkan dengan proses hidrolisis asam menggunakan H2SO4 30% pada suhu 60°C selama 120 menit. Nanoselulosa dapat digunakan sebagai filler dalam pembuatan tisu toilet, karena dapat menghasilkan rongga yang dapat menyerap molekul air dan meningkatkan kekuatan lapisan kertas. Tissue is a type of paper, made from wood fibers. The elevation of tissue necessity in the society will rise the trees logging. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is waste from oil palm mill which contains high cellulose and has a lot of potential to be used, one of that is as a filler in the manufacture of tissue. The literature review was conducted to determine the potential utilization of cellulose in OPEFB as a filler in the manufacture of toilet paper. According to the requirements, the material for tissue is expected to have a cellulose content of 70%. Estimation of optimum cellulose content with delignification was determined by linear regression using SPSS Statistics 25 software. The optimum delignification results were obtained at a temperature of 150-1600C, NaOH 15-17.5%, and 20-40 minutes. The lowest diameter of nanocellulose is 5-10 nm, obtained by acid hydrolysis using 30% H2SO4 at 600C for 120 minutes. The nanocellulose is used as a filler in the manufacture of toilet paper, because it can produce holes that can absorb water molecules and increase the strength of the paper layer.
Efektivitas Katalis Heterogen Fly Ash (FA-SO3H) pada Sintesis Biodiesel dari Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Abdulloh, Sudrajat Harris; Andrijanto, Eko; Saripudin, Saripudin; Putri, Anindya Indrita; Nurul, Dhea; Elizabeth, Lidya
Fluida Vol. 17 No. 1 (2024): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v17i1.5286

Abstract

The increase in fuel use along with the decline in production of petroleum exploration activities encourages efforts to find alternative fuels, one of which is biodiesel from PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) with production reaching 6,000,000 tons while its utilization is still low. Biodiesel production from PFAD using Fly ash (FA)-SO3H catalyst which is a heterogeneous catalyst through esterification method. FA used in this study was wet impregnated using 6M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 24 hours, so that the highest acid concentration was obtained at a calcination temperature of 500 ⁰C of 1.1654 mmol/gram. The research was conducted with Response Surface Method (RSM) with Box Behnken Design model in Design Expert 13 software and 13 runs were obtained. The resulting model from RSM was obtained as optimum conditions at catalyst loading (%-w) 5-10, methanol:PFAD molar ratio (n/n) 10:1-30:1, reaction time 3-5 hours and temperature 60 ⁰C. Based on the experimental results and ANOVA, the high conversion is influenced by the high catalyst loading and methanol:PFAD ratio (n/n), with the conversion obtained of 72.89% at catalyst loading of 10%-w, methanol:PFAD molar ratio of 20 (n/n) and time for 5 hours.
Effectiveness of Silica Sulphate Catalyst Based on Rice Husk Ash in The Oleic Acid Esterification Process Lidya Elizabeth; Ade Rifqi Maulana; Dwi Febriani, Anisa; Saripudin; Eko Andrijanto
Fluida Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v17i2.5279

Abstract

Rice husk contains a lot of silica, so it is widely used as research material. One example is as a raw material for the synthesis of silica sulfate. Silica sulfate was synthesized using the sol-gel method with an impregnation time of 6 hours and 2 hours of calcination with variations in calcination temperature of 400-800oC. The analysis carried out on the silica sulfate catalyst is the analysis of acid concentration and FTIR. The best acid concentration results were 0.86 mmol/gram at 400oC. Characterization with FTIR showed similar peaks between silica and silica sulfate. The -OH and Si-O groups appeared at the peak of the analysis results, indicating that the synthesis of silica from rice husk had been carried out successfully. Modifying silica with sulfuric acid is not obvious through FTIR because the S-OH groups of sulfate ions overlap with the silica atoms in siloxane. The resulting silica sulfate is used as a catalyst in the esterification reaction of oleic acid with methanol. The esterification process was carried out at 60oC and varied with independent variables, namely catalyst loading (5-10%-b), time (2-4 hours), and molar ratio (1:6-1:12). The experimental design was determined using the Response Surface Method (RSM) using Design Expert. From the study results, the best variation obtained was a conversion of 87.03% with a variation of catalyst loading of 7.5%-b, a time of 4 hours, and a molar ratio of 1:12.
The Effect of Plasma Electrolysis for Biodiesel Synthesis Using Waste Cooking Oil as a Raw Material and KOH Catalyst Shoelarta, Shoerya; Saripudin; Fedianto, Rahmat Dani Dwi; Darojat , Moch Adli; Abdulloh, Sudrajat Harris; Hidayatulloh, Irwan; elizabeth, lidya
Fluida Vol. 16 No. 2 (2023): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v16i2.3987

Abstract

The high consumption of cooking oil in Indonesia is directly proportional to the production of used cooking oil waste that can pollute the environment. To overcome this problem, used cooking oil is used as a biodiesel feedstock using the plasma electrolysis method. Plasma electrolysis is a synthesis process by applying a high voltage to the process. This study aims to determine the effect of the plasma electrolysis method with variations in voltage (400 - 500 volts) and the type of reagent (methanol and ethanol) on % yield and characteristics of biodiesel. The process is carried out by reacting used cooking oil with a reagent that is given a voltage until an electric discharge occurs and two layers are formed and the calculation of the specific energy requirements for the synthesis process is carried out. The results show that at a voltage of 500 volts with methanol reagent produces a yield of 85.73% with characteristics according to the SNI 7128:2015 standard such as density 888.36 Kg/m3, viscosity 5.79 Cst, acid number 0.39 mg - KOH/g, content ester 97.56% and flash point 117oC with the exception of water content 0.373%, with a specific energy requirement of 1758,031 J/mL.
The Effect of Maltodextrin Concentration and Spray Dryer Drying Temperature on the Characteristics of Coconut Milk Powder Yulistiani, Fitria; Nuraeni, Alifia; Sheilla Aulia Sofiatul Mardiah; Hidayatulloh, Irwan; Elizabeth, Lidya; Nurcahyo
Fluida Vol. 16 No. 1 (2023): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v16i1.4006

Abstract

Coconut milk has a higher water content than other contents, so microbes can easily damage and spoil it. To obtain a low-moisture powder product, the liquid coconut milk was dried using a Buchi Mini Spray dryer B-290 with inlet temperatures of 150°C, 160°C, and 170°C. The researchers added maltodextrin to coconut milk, which had a ratio of grated coconut to the water of 1:3, in concentrations of 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, and 13%. The addition of maltodextrin and the use of drying temperature did not significantly affect the pH, solubility, and percentage of product mass but did significantly affect the moisture content. The best operating conditions for producing coconut milk powder were at a maltodextrin concentration of 13% and a temperature of 170°C. Under these conditions, the produced coconut milk powder had a pH value of 6.12, a moisture content of 4.56%, a solubility of 98.74%, a product mass of 24.99 grams and an overall percentage of product mass of 21.32%.
Co-Authors Ade Rifqi Maulana Ahya Siti Hasanah Andrijanto, Eko Ari Marlina Astri Nur Istyami Awalum Melanitria Bambang Soeswanto Bambang Soeswanto Chandra Aztaris Darojat , Moch Adli Dhara Firdausa Dini Sri Wahyuni Dini Sri Wahyuni Doko, Marthen Luther Dwi Febriani, Anisa Eko Andrijanto Emmanuela Maria Widyanti Endang Kusumawati Endang Kusumawati Endar Puspawiningtiyas Fedianto, Rahmat Dani Dwi Fifi Yani Godlief F. Neonufa Herawati Budiastuti Hidayatulloh, Irwan Intan Puspitarini Kartika Dian Pratiwi Kartika Dian Pratiwi Meiti Pratiwi Nancy Siti Djenar Nuraeni, Alifia Nurcahyo Nurul, Dhea Paramitha, Tifa Putra, Okky Indra Putri, Anindya Indrita Ramadhani, Laily lsna Ronny Purwadi Saripudin Saripudin Sheilla Aulia Sofiatul Mardiah Shoelarta, Shoerya Sindy Rizkia Salsabila Sudrajat Harris Abdulloh Tasya Shafira Widjaya Tatang H. Soerawidjaja Trirahayu, Dhyna Analyes Widiastuti, Endang Widyanti, Emmanuela Maria Yulistiani, Fitria