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Mercury (Hg)-Resistant Bacteria in Hg-Polluted Gold Mine Sites of Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia SITI KHODIJAH CHAERUN; SAKINAH HASNI; EDY SANWANI; MAELITA RAMDANI MOEIS
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

In the present study, ten mercury-resistant heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated from mercurycontaminated gold mine sites in Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia. The bacteria (designated strains SKCSH1- SKCSH10) were capable of growing well at ~200 ppm of HgCl except for strain SKCSH8, which was able to grow at 550 ppm HgCl . The bacteria were mesophylic and grew optimally at 1% NaCl at neutral pH with the optimal growth temperature of 25-37 ºC. Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolates were closely related to the family Xanthomonadaceae, Aeromonadaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae and they were identified as Pseudomonas spp., Stenotrophomonas sp., and Aeromonas sp. Eight bacterial strains were shown to belong to the Pseudomonas branch, one strain to the Stenotrophomonas branch and one strain to the Aeromonas branch of the ã-Proteobacteria. Phylogeny based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that four of the isolates (SKCSH1, SKCSH4, SKCSH7, SKCSH9) could be classified as representatives of four novel species in the genus Pseudomonas that were allocated to P. moraviensis (96.96% similarity) and P. plecogossicida (94.53, 96.61, and 96.73% similarity). Four other isolates could be allocated to P. plecogossicida (97.57 and 98.66% similarity) and P. hibiscicola (99.97% similarity), one isolate to Stenotrophomonas africana (99.69% similarity), and one other isolate to Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. ranae (99.43% similarity). The findings of this study provide the first information of the phylogenetically-diverse Hg-resistant bacteria in the Hg-polluted sites of Indonesia that may be highly useful for developing in situ bioremediation or detoxification of Hg-contaminated sites in Indonesia.

STUDI TRANSFORMASI GOETIT MENJADI HEMATIT SECARA MEKANOKIMIA UNTUK BENEFISIASI BIJIH BESI LATERIT Suriyanto Bakri; Edy Sanwani
Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Vol 15, No 3 (2019): Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Edisi September 2019
Publisher : Puslitbang tekMIRA

Sumberdaya dan cadangan bijih besi laterit Indonesia sangat melimpah sehingga memberi potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif bahan baku pembuatan baja, mengingat kebutuhan besi baja tiap tahunnya meningkat. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan transformasi fasa goetit menjadi hematit secara mekanokimia untuk meningkatkan kandungan Fe pada bijih besi laterit. Percobaan secara mekanokimia dilakukan dengan menvariasikan waktu penggerusan 5 – 50 jam, 20 – 50% persen volume mill dan jenis bola penggerus. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa bijih besi laterit asal Pulau Sebuku, Kalimantan Selatan bersifat ferromagnetik yang didominasi oleh goetit (FeOOH) dan maghemit (γFe2O3) dengan kadar Fe 42,68%. Transformasi fasa goetit menjadi hematit dan maghemit menjadi magnetit secara sempurna terjadi setelah 50 jam penggerusan, pada persen volume mill terbaik 50%, dan jenis media bola penggerus baja dengan kadar Fe 53,03%. Distribusi ukuran partikel D90 54,30 nm. Penggerusan secara mekanokimia berpengaruh pada sifat kemagnetan bijih besi laterit yang semula dengan nilai intensitas medan magnet 6,23 emu/gram naik menjadi 9,55 emu/gram.

Removal of sulfur and ash from Indonesian coal by indigenous mixotrophic bacteria Mubdiana Arifin; Edy Sanwani; Siti Khodijah Chaerun
Current Research on Bioscences and Biotechnology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/10.5614/crbb.2019.1.2/QNZG5857

Coal is one of the alternative fuels which potentially provides most of the domestic energy needs. The steam-powered electric generator (PLTU) is a sector that dominates the utilization of domestic coal. Sulfur contained in the coal is an element impurity apart from other contaminants such as ash, soil, rocks, and minerals. The combustion of high-sulfur from coal produces SO 2 which can interfere the human health, such as causing tightness in the respiratory tract, as well as the environment by causing acid rain and corrosion on plant equipment. Various efforts have been made by reducing the levels of sulfur to minimize the negative impact caused by coal combustion. The utilization of bacteria for biodesulfurization has been developed and widely studied as an alternative treatment to remove the sulfur and ash from the coal. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to remove the sulfur and ash from coal using various types of indigenous bacteria by the biomining method. The current study used coal from East Kalimantan of Indonesia with a total sulfur and ash content of 2.56 and 7.21%, respectively. The indigenous bacteria used in this study consisted of five bacterial isolates identified as Citrobacter murliniae, Dietzia psychralcaliphila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus altitudinis. The results showed that the bacterium C. murliniae was able to eliminate the sulfur by 19.61%, which was higher than the other bacterial isolates and remove ash from coal by 1.75%. The bacteria D. psychralcaliphila, P. aeruginosa, A. faecalis, B. altitudinis were capable of eliminating 16.49, 8.30, 3.61, 8.89% of total sulfur and 4.03, 4.56, 5.29, 4.21 of ash content in coal, respectively.

Influence of indigenous mixotrophic bacteria on pyrite surface chemistry: Implications for bioflotation Edy Sanwani; Nuslia Bayangkara Lamandhi; Halimatul Husni; Siti Khodijah Chaerun; Widi Astuti; Fika Rofiek Mufakhir
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 14 No. 1 (2020): March 2020
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Given the low-cost and eco-friendly method, biotechnology has been widely utilized in industries as an alternative for physical and chemical processes, including in the biomining process (e.g., bioflotation and biobeneficiation). However, the use of biochemical reagent, which is selective for certain minerals, has not been well studied. This research was aimed to investigate the potential use of biosurfactant-producing mixotrophic bacteria as an alternative to chemical reagents during bioflotation and biobeneficiation process. Thirteen bacterial strains were investigated for their ability to produce biosurfactants and their effects on the surface properties of pyrite minerals. Bacteria-pyrite interaction experimental results showed that pyrite surface properties became more hydrophilic in the experimental systems inoculated with bacteria adapted with pyrite for 48 h than that without bacterial adaptation to pyrite, which was evidenced by the decrease in the contact angle of pyrite minerals by up to 50%. This evidence was also confirmed by the highest emulsifying index value (51.6%) attained during the bacteria-pyrite interaction. Hence, these bacteria can potentially be applied to selective flotation as pyrite depressants.

REDUKSI SELEKTIF UNTUK NIKEL LATERIT MENGGUNAKAN NATRIUM KLORIDA DAN ARANG CANGKANG SAWIT DILANJUTKAN DENGAN PEMISAHAN MAGNETIK Hafid Zul Hakim; Edy Sanwani; Yuliana Sari; Fajar Nurjaman
Journal of Science, Technology, and Visual Culture Vol 2 No 1 (2022): Maret 2022
Publisher : Jurusan Teknologi Produksi dan Industri, Institut Teknologi Sumatera

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Teknik pengolahan bijih nikel laterit melalui metode pirometalurgi masih terus dikembangkan untuk menghasilkan produk ferronikel kadar tinggi dengan konsumsi energi rendah. Salah satu metode tersebut adalah reduksi selektif yang dilanjutkan dengan pemisahan magnet. Umumnya metode ini menggunakan batubara sebagai reduktor, namun karena batubara merupakan sumber energi tidak terbarukan serta tidak ramah lingkungan, maka perlu dicari reduktor alternatif, salah satunya adalah biomassa berupa arang cangkang sawit. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh fraksi ukuran bijih nikel laterit dan kuat medan magnet dalam proses reduksi bijih nikel laterit menggunakan aditif NaCl dan reduktor arang cangkang sawit. Aditif NaCl sebanyak 10% berat dan reduktor arang cangkang sawit sebanyak 5% berat ditambahkan ke bijih nikel laterit (dengan variasi ukuran -60+80#, -80+100#, dan -100#). Ketiga material tersebut dibentuk menjadi pellet berukuran diameter 10-15 mm. Pellet tersebut direduksi pada temperatur 950˚C, 1050˚C, dan 1150˚C menggunakan muffle furnace selama 60 menit. Selanjutnya pellet yang telah direduksi tersebut dilakukan pemisahan magnetik secara basah (menggunakan variasi kuat medan magnet 500G, 1000G, dan 1500G) untuk memperoleh konsentrat feronikel (magnetik) dan tailing (non-magnetik). Hasil penelitian memperoleh bahwa kadar nikel yang tinggi (2,9%) dihasilkan pada kondisi temperatur reduksi tinggi (1150 ˚C), ukuran partikel bijih nikel laterit -60+80#, dan kuat medan magnet 1000G.

STUDI TRANSFORMASI GOETIT MENJADI HEMATIT SECARA MEKANOKIMIA UNTUK BENEFISIASI BIJIH BESI LATERIT Suriyanto Bakri; Edy Sanwani
Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Vol 15 No 3 (2019): Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Edisi September 2019
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/jtmb.Vol15.No3.2019.959

Sumberdaya dan cadangan bijih besi laterit Indonesia sangat melimpah sehingga memberi potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif bahan baku pembuatan baja, mengingat kebutuhan besi baja tiap tahunnya meningkat. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan transformasi fasa goetit menjadi hematit secara mekanokimia untuk meningkatkan kandungan Fe pada bijih besi laterit. Percobaan secara mekanokimia dilakukan dengan menvariasikan waktu penggerusan 5 – 50 jam, 20 – 50% persen volume mill dan jenis bola penggerus. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa bijih besi laterit asal Pulau Sebuku, Kalimantan Selatan bersifat ferromagnetik yang didominasi oleh goetit (FeOOH) dan maghemit (γFe2O3) dengan kadar Fe 42,68%. Transformasi fasa goetit menjadi hematit dan maghemit menjadi magnetit secara sempurna terjadi setelah 50 jam penggerusan, pada persen volume mill terbaik 50%, dan jenis media bola penggerus baja dengan kadar Fe 53,03%. Distribusi ukuran partikel D90 54,30 nm. Penggerusan secara mekanokimia berpengaruh pada sifat kemagnetan bijih besi laterit yang semula dengan nilai intensitas medan magnet 6,23 emu/gram naik menjadi 9,55 emu/gram.

STUDI PENGARUH PENGGILINGAN KONDISI KERING DAN BASAH TERHADAP KINETIKA DAN KARAKTERISTIK DISTRIBUSI UKURAN BUTIR BIJIH SULFIDA KOMPLEKS GALENA SFALERIT – UJI PENDAHULUAN Indah Pratiwi; Edy Sanwani
Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Vol 19 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Edisi Mei 2023
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/jtmb.Vol19.No2.2023.1452

Grinding is generally carried out in wet conditions, but issues regarding water conservation and high-water treatment costs encourage the application of grinding in dry conditions. Both produce products with certain characteristics that affect the success of the next process. Grinding of P100 6 mesh (3.36 mm) ore was performed using steel ball media with dry and wet grinding with 33.33% solids for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes. Particle size distribution of the grinding product was obtained from the wet sieving process and the -200 mesh (-75µm) ore particles were analyzed using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. The Alyavdin grinding kinetics equation model was used to study the kinetics of ore grinding behavior and the particle size distribution and its characteristics consisting of uniformity index, size modulus and fractal dimension were studied using the logistic, Rosin-Rammler (RR) and Gates-Gaudin-Schuhmann (GGS) equation model. Equivalent particle size (EPS) and specific surface area (SSA) observations were carried out on the -200 mesh (-75µm) grinding product. Grinding in dry condition is more effective in reducing the size of complex galena-sphalerite sulphide ore, indicated by high grinding rate with the highest K value of 0,135/minute, high cummulative % undersize, low size modulus, high uniformity index, high fine particle and high SSA compared to wet grinding. Alyavdin's kinetics model can describe the grinding kinetics of galena sphalerite complex sulfide ore, while the particle size distribution follows the logistic equation model.

FLOTASI KASITERIT DARI BIJIH TIMAH PRIMER TIPE SKARN ASAL PULAU BELITUNG Kamoda, Rustam; Sanwani, Edy
Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Vol 19 No 3 (2023): Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Edisi September 2023
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/jtmb.Vol19.No3.2023.1472

Indonesia as one of the world's tin producers, not only has tin reserve from secondary deposit, but also has tin reserve from skarn-type primary deposit located on Belitung Island. The presence and characteristics of cassiterite in skarn-type of primary tin ore can be confirmed through sample characterization and have the potential to be separated from impurity minerals by flotation method. There are several factors that can affect the separation of valuable mineral from impurities through the flotation method, namely minerals association, the use of collector type scheme, pH condition of flotation and the use of depressant. The result of sample characterization showed that the primary tin ore of the skarn type from Belitung Island contained Sn in a low concentration of 0.1615% in the form of cassiterite. The flotation experiments carried out in two schemes. The first scheme was flotation on samples using SHA, SO and SHA + SO as collectors in the different pH values (pH 6, 7, 8, and 9) and flotation with the absence and presence of depressant at pH 8 for each type of collector. Recovery, grade, percent mass pull, enrichment ratio, separation efficiency, and selectivity index were the parameters used to assess flotation performance. Generally, the experimental results showed that cassiterite flotation in different pH values tend to show a better performance at pH 8. The flotation results of the three type of collectors showed that the recovery of Sn from SHA collector < SO < SHA+SO. In term of grade in the concentrate, the Sn grade of SO < SHA+SO < SHA collector. Flotation experiments from the three type of collectors in the absence and presence of depressant showed that flotation performance was better in the absence of depressant.

Unlocking copper flotation efficiency: the interaction of Citrobacter sp. strain SKC-4 with chalcopyrite concentrate as a potential eco-friendly reagent alternative Sanwani, Edy; Wahyuningsih, Tri; Winarko, Ronny; Chaerun, Siti Khodijah
Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2024.6.1/9BYQTYQ7

This research explores the viability of bioflotation as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical reagents in processing copper sulfide ores. It primarily focuses on the interactions between bacterial cells and chalcopyrite concentrate. A key objective is to identify bacterial strains suitable for use as bioflotation reagents. The study specifically examines the interaction between Citrobacter sp. strain SKC-4, a bacterium native to sulfur-rich environments, and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) concentrates over a 30-day period. This bacterium is known for its ability to produce biosurfactants and oxidize iron and sulfur, making it an ideal candidate for various roles in bioflotation, such as biocollectors, biodepressants, and biofrothers. Experimental setups involved mixing chalcopyrite concentrates (-200+325 mesh, 25% w/v) with the bacterial strain (10% v/v) in modified LB media under aerobic conditions with constant shaking. Periodic sampling facilitated subsequent analyses. Results indicated biosurfactant production by the bacteria, as evidenced by the detection of hydroxyl (OH) groups, amine (NH) groups, and glycosidic bonds (C-O-C), along with the identification of hydrophilic C=O groups through FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) analysis, suggesting the presence of biodepressant, biocollector, and biofrother properties. Surface tension measurements consistently showed values below that of water (71 mN/m), supporting the biosurfactants' potential as flotation biofrothers and biocollectors. These findings suggest that employing Citrobacter sp. strain SKC-4 could substantially reduce the environmental impact of using chemical reagents in the flotation process. This study not only proposes a sustainable substitute for traditional flotation reagents but also demonstrates the potential of bioflotation to improve the efficiency and environmental sustainability of copper sulfide ore processing. The adoption of microorganisms as bioflotation reagents could transform the mineral processing industry by minimizing chemical use and environmental impact, contributing to more sustainable mining practices.

FLOTASI KASITERIT DARI BIJIH TIMAH PRIMER TIPE SKARN ASAL PULAU BELITUNG Kamoda, Rustam; Sanwani, Edy
Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Vol 19 No 3 (2023): Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Edisi September 2023
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/jtmb.Vol19.No3.2023.1472

Indonesia as one of the world's tin producers, not only has tin reserve from secondary deposit, but also has tin reserve from skarn-type primary deposit located on Belitung Island. The presence and characteristics of cassiterite in skarn-type of primary tin ore can be confirmed through sample characterization and have the potential to be separated from impurity minerals by flotation method. There are several factors that can affect the separation of valuable mineral from impurities through the flotation method, namely minerals association, the use of collector type scheme, pH condition of flotation and the use of depressant. The result of sample characterization showed that the primary tin ore of the skarn type from Belitung Island contained Sn in a low concentration of 0.1615% in the form of cassiterite. The flotation experiments carried out in two schemes. The first scheme was flotation on samples using SHA, SO and SHA + SO as collectors in the different pH values (pH 6, 7, 8, and 9) and flotation with the absence and presence of depressant at pH 8 for each type of collector. Recovery, grade, percent mass pull, enrichment ratio, separation efficiency, and selectivity index were the parameters used to assess flotation performance. Generally, the experimental results showed that cassiterite flotation in different pH values tend to show a better performance at pH 8. The flotation results of the three type of collectors showed that the recovery of Sn from SHA collector < SO < SHA+SO. In term of grade in the concentrate, the Sn grade of SO < SHA+SO < SHA collector. Flotation experiments from the three type of collectors in the absence and presence of depressant showed that flotation performance was better in the absence of depressant.

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