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A Narrative Review on the In Vivo Evaluation of Iron Bioavailability to Assess the Effectiveness of Food Fortification and Biofortification: Narrative Review on the In Vivo Evaluation of Iron Bioavailability in Food Fortification Haneen Basori; Malvin Widyanto Tjoa; Felycia Angellia; Gracia Angelina Wan; Rike Tri Kumala Dewi; Dwining Putri Elfriede
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI PANGAN DAN ILMU PERTANIAN (JIPANG) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Ilmu Pertanian (JIPANG)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jipang.v8i1.8082

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia remains a major global health problem, with a prevalence reaching 40% among children aged 6–59 months, 37% among pregnant women, and 30% among women of reproductive age. Low iron bioavailability is a key limiting factor affecting the effectiveness of nutritional interventions. This review aimed to analyze various in vivo methods used to evaluate iron bioavailability from food sources and to assess the effectiveness of fortification, biofortification, and food processing modifications. A narrative review approach was conducted through literature searches in Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, MDPI, and Garuda databases for original research articles published between January 2016 and March 2026, with March 2026 as the search cutoff to ensure inclusion of fully indexed publications only. Of the 24 identified articles, 8 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively. The findings indicate that in vivo studies employed various parameters, including hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, relative biological value, fractional iron absorption, hemoglobin concentration, serum ferritin, and organ iron retention. Notably, iron bioavailability was not always proportional to total iron content in food, as biofortification and fermentation strategies improved physiological iron utilization primarily by reducing inhibitory compounds such as phytate, rather than by increasing total iron content. Food matrix, chemical form of iron, and physiological status of subjects were identified as the most critical determinants of iron absorption effectiveness.
BIOAVAILABILITAS KALSIUM PADA KACANG-KACANGAN DAN PRODUK TURUNANNYA: SEBUAH NARATIF REVIEW: Bioavailability of Calcium in Legumes and Their Derivatives: A Narrative Review Felicia Novia Alverina; Betania Klarita Barimbing; Made Grazielle Hillary Yadi; Nathania Angelica Kristiawan; Rike Tri Kumala Dewi; Dwining Putri Elfriede
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI PANGAN DAN ILMU PERTANIAN (JIPANG) Vol. 8 No. 02`` (2026): Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Ilmu Pertanian (JIPANG)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jipang.v8i02``.8112

Abstract

Calcium is an essential mineral whose bioavailability is influenced not only by total calcium content, but also by food matrix characteristics, antinutritional compounds, and processing methods. Legumes and their derivative products are important sources of plant-based calcium; however, their calcium bioavailability is often limited due to the presence of compounds such as phytate and oxalate. This narrative review aimed to evaluate calcium bioavailability in legumes and their derivative products based on in vitro studies, as well as to identify factors affecting calcium absorption. The review was conducted using a narrative approach toward in vitro studies related to calcium bioavailability in legumes and their derivative products. A total of six relevant original research articles were selected and analyzed qualitatively. The findings showed that calcium bioavailability varied depending on the type of legume, food matrix, fortification agent, and processing treatment. Fermentation, germination, and the addition of compounds such as buttermilk and ascorbic acid were reported to improve calcium bioavailability through the reduction of antinutritional compounds and the enhancement of calcium solubility. In vitro methods, including the INFOGEST digestion model, dialysis methods, and Caco-2 cell models, were widely used to estimate calcium bioaccessibility and potential absorption. However, these methods still have limitations in fully representing human physiological conditions. Overall, calcium bioavailability in legumes is influenced by food matrix interactions and processing conditions, indicating that optimization of processing methods is important to improve calcium absorption from plant-based foods.