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Pengaruh Suhu terhadap Rendemen dan Nilai Kalor Minyak Hasil Pirolisis Sampah Plastik Wirawan Widya Mandala; M Sigit Cahyono; Syamsul Ma`arif; H B Sukarjo; Wardoyo Wardoyo
Jurnal Mekanika dan Sistem Termal Vol 1, No 2: Agustus 2016
Publisher : Universitas Janabadra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (770.345 KB)

Abstract

Plastic waste is one type of waste that would disturb the environment if it is not handled properly. Alternative treatment to solve this problem is by using pyrolysis technology that enable to convert plastic waste into fuel oil, charcoal, and non-condensable gas. The success of pyrolysis technology is influenced by several factors, including the type of reactor, the particle size, the processing time, and the temperature of the pyrolysis process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on the yield and the calorific value of plastic pyrolysis oil. Based on the experiments, increasing the temperature, the yield of the oil produced and calorific value will be higher. The yield and the highest calorific value generated for the pyrolysis process at a temperature of 400 0C, are 44% and 10,292 cal/ g respectively.
STUDI KARAKTERISTIK PEMBAKARAN MINYAK PIROLISIS PLASTIK MENGGUNAKAN STEAM-ATOMIZING BURNER Muhammad Sigit Cahyono; Ucik Ika Fenti Styana
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI TECHNOSCIENTIA Technoscientia Vol 10 No 2 Februari 2018
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM), IST AKPRIND Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34151/technoscientia.v10i2.101

Abstract

One of the new and renewable energy resources is Plastic Pyrolysis Oil, that produced from pyrolysis process of plastic wastes. This oil could be utilized as energy source using steam-atomizing burner, which it burning characteristics dependent to air pressure that used in the burner. The objective of the research was to investigate the influence of air pressure on the burning characteristic of plastic pyrolysis oil using steam-atomizing burner. The raw material that used are dry LDPE wastes. First, it was heated in pyrolysis reactor using biomass combustion as energy source, produced pyrolsyis oil, noncondensable gases, and carbon black. The oil that produced is used as fuel for combustion in steam-atomizing burner, to know it burning characteristic, with variable air pressure on 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 bar. The observation was made on fire temperature, the long of flame, and it efficiency, that showed by fuel consumption in burner and yield of plastic pyrolysis oil that produced. The experiment results showed that as the air pressure increased, all parameters were increased, that are fire temperature, the long of flame, fuel consumption in burner, and the yield of plastic pyrolysis oil that produced in the pyrolysis reactor.
Proses Pirolisis Sampah Plastik dalam Rotary Drum Reactor dengan Variasi Laju Kenaikan Suhu: Indonesian Muhammad Sigit Cahyono; Maria Ratih Puspita Liestiono; Cahyo Widodo
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknoka Vol 3 (2018): Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknoka ke - 3
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (428.538 KB) | DOI: 10.22236/teknoka.v3i0.2917

Abstract

Sampah plastik merupakan salah satu jenis sampah yang bisa menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan jika tidak bisa ditangani dengan baik. Salah satu metode untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan mengubahnya menjadi bahan bakar alternatif melalui proses pirolisis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh laju kenaikan suhu terhadap rendemen dan kualitas produk pirolisis sampah plastik di dalam Rotary Drum Reactor. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah sampah plastik berupa tas kresek hitam yang bersih dan kering. Bahan tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor untuk dipanaskan sampai suhu 3500C selama satu jam menggunakan steam-atomizing burner. Variabel dari penelitian ini adalah laju kenaikan suhu di dalam reaktor, yaitu 5, 10, dan 150C/menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi laju kenaikan suhu, rendemen minyak yang dihasilkan juga semakin besar. Rendemen terbesar yaitu 46% yang dicapai pada laju kenaikan suhu 150C/menit. Hasil uji laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik minyak hasil pirolisis mendekati sifat-sifat minyak solar, sehingga bisa dijadikan alternatif bahan bakar mesin diesel di masa depan.
INFLUENCE OF RESIDENCE TIME TO THE PROPERTIES OF LIQUID PRODUCT FROM PLASTIC WASTE PYROLYSIS Muhammad Sigit Cahyono; Agus Prasetya; Mochammad Syamsiro
MULTITEK INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2020): Juli
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24269/mtkind.v14i1.2726

Abstract

Pirolisis adalah sebuah metode daur ulang yang digunakan untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan dari sampah plastik di Indonesia. Disini, karakteristik dari produk pirolisis sampah plastic jenis Low Density Poli Etilena (LDPE) telah diteliti lebih lanjut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu tinggal (residence time) pada rendemen dan properti produk cair (minyak pirolisis), gas (non-condensable gas), dan padatan (arang). Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan reactor batch skala kecil yang dilengkapi dengan sebuah siklon, kondensor, steam-atomizing burner, dan sistem flare. Pirolisis dilakukan dalam waktu 30, 60, dan 90 menit pada suhu 3500C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama waktu tinggal akan menghasilkan jumlah minyak dan gas yang lebih besar, namun menghasilkan arang yang lebih kecil. Produk minyak tersebut memiliki sifat fisik yang mendekati kerosene dengan nilai kalor  20.019–20.047 BTU/lb, massa jenis 0.7754–0.7802 g/ml, viskositas kinematik 1.392–1.603 mm2/s, dan titik nyala di abwah 11°C. Minyak tersebut juga mengandung asam asetat, metil oleat, 1-hidroksi-2-propanon, furan metanol, and metil siklopentan sebagai senyawa-senyawa yang utama.
Karakterisasi Proses Gasifikasi Sampah Organik dengan Variasi Jenis Bahan Ucik Ika Fenti Styana; Rosiana Indrawati; Muhammad Sigit Cahyono
Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material Vol 3, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Proklamasi 45 University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (684.74 KB) | DOI: 10.30588/jeemm.v3i1.495

Abstract

One of the abundant energy source in Indonesia is organic waste in the form of leafs and branches which is widely avalilable in homeyard. It can be utilized as alternative energy source by gasification process. The objective of the study was to know the influence of raw material and AFR to the characteristic of organic waste gasification process. The raw material used were leafs and branches of melinjo (gnetum gnemon) which obtained from homeyard of inhabitant in Sidomoyo village, Godean sub-district, Sleman Regency, Indonesia. Before being gasified, it was prepared for proximate analysis in laboratorium. The gasification begins by feeding the raw material to the reactor with variation of 100% leaf, 100% branch, and 50%-50% leaf and branch. The gasification process was occured in reactor for one hour, and syn gas which produced has been analized to know the composition of it. Result shows that raw material have influenced the characteristic of gasification process. The highest heating rate was occured for gasification process of 100% leaf and AFR 0.5, which it gas has burned after 25 minuted process in oxidation temperature of 650 0C, reduction temperature of 350 0C, and pyrolysis temperature of 240 0C.
Pengaruh Jenis Bahan terhadap Proses Gasifikasi Sampah Organik Menggunakan Updraft Fixed Bed Reactor Wira Widyawidura; Maria Ratih Puspita Liestiono; Muhammad Sigit Cahyono; Agus Prasetya; Mochammad Syamsiro
Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material Vol 1, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Proklamasi 45 University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (304.168 KB) | DOI: 10.30588/jeemm.v1i2.258

Abstract

Organic wastes has potential as a renewable energy resource. The waste could be converted as a gaseous fuel through gasification method. The objective of this reserach was to study the performance of gasification of various organic waste using fixed bed updraft gasifier especially in term of production of heat and stability of gas production. The raw material that used are rice husk, sawdust pellet, and wood branch. The stabilization of gas production was measurdd based on the time interval of gas could be burnt. The result shows that the kind of biomass has influenced the heating rate and stability of gas production. Sawdust pellet have the biggest burning stabilisation, that is 45 minute of burning time, compare to rice husk that have 15 minute burning time, and wood branch that have 30 minutes burning time. The main problem of gasification of organic waste was less stabilization of gas production due to low material compaction and uncontinuous mass flow.
Proses Pirolisis Untuk Mengkonversi Limbah Plastik Menjadi Bahan Bakar Minyak Menggunakan Penyaringan Adsorban (Arang dan Zeolit) Muhammad Sigit Cahyono; Sri Haryono; Wirawan Widya Mandala
Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy
Publisher : Proklamasi 45 University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (187.751 KB) | DOI: 10.30588/jo.v5i2.993

Abstract

sebuah teknologi dekomposisi bahan organic pada suhu tinggi tanpa adanya oksigen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses konversi sampah plastic menjadi bahan bakar minyak yang optimal dan memahami pengaruh penggunaan absorban arang dan zeolite sebagai media proses pemurnian minyak pirolisis. Percobaan ini menggunakan reactor dengan ketebalan 2 mm, diameter 60 cm dan ketinggian 55 cm. Proses pirolisis terjadi pada suhu 100-3500C menggunakan plastic LDPE sebanyak 40 kg/proses. Lebih lanjut, pemurnian hasil minyak pirolisis dengan variasi adsorban arang dan zeolite dengan pengujianr nilai kalor, viskositas, dan titik nyala di dalam laboratorium. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa variasi penggunaan absorben arang dan zeolite berpengaruh terhadap parameter pengujian minyak pirolisis tersebut. Nilai kalor terbesar adalah 9576.9713 cal/gr menggunakang absorban 100% arang, sedangkan viskositas terendah  sebesar 47.5 cP menggunakan 100% zeolit, serta titik nyala tertinggi adalah 137 °C menggunakan 100% zeolit. AbstractPyrolysis is a technological tool to process the thermal decomposition of organic materials at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. The purpose of this study was to determine the conversion process of plastic waste in order to produce optimal fuel oil and to understand the significance of charcoal and zeolite adsorbents as a medium for the purification of pyrolysis oil. The study used a reactor with a thickness of 2 mm, with a diameter of 60 and a height of 55 cm. This pyrolysis process is carried out at a temperature of 100-3500C using LDPE plastic fuel of 40 Kg/process. Furthermore, purification of the pyrolysis oil using a variation of charcoal and zeolite adsorbants with parameters of calorific value, viscosity, and flashpoint results through laboratory tests. The results showed that the variation of the adsorbant structure of charcoal and zeolite stone as a medium for purification of pyrolysis oil products greatly affected the calorific value, viscosity, and flashpoint results. The highest average calorific value (9576.9713 cal/gr) using 100% wood charcoal, the highest average viscosity value (47.5 cP) using 100% zeolite, and the highest average flashpoint value (137 °C) using 100% zeolite.  
Proses Gasifikasi Limbah Padat Aren Menggunakan Fixed-Bed Updraft Gasifier dengan Variasi Jenis Bahan Ucik Ika Fenti Styana; Muhammad Sigit Cahyono
Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy Vol 2, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Offshore : Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy
Publisher : Proklamasi 45 University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (322.789 KB) | DOI: 10.30588/jo.v2i2.400

Abstract

Salah satu potensi sumber energi di Indonesia adalah limbah biomasa berupa limbah padat industri aren. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis bahan terhadap suhu reaktor dan efisiensi proses gasifikasi limbah padat aren. Bahan baku yang digunakan didapatkan dari Sentra Industri Tepung Aren di Dusun Daleman, Kecamatan Tulung, Kabupaten Klaten. Sebelum diproses bahan dikeringkan terlebih dahulu dengan dijemur di bawah sinar matahari selama sehari, kemudian dilakukan analisa proksimat. Variabel penelitian adalah jenis bahan berupa limbah padat aren murni, campuran limbah padat aren dan tempurung kelapa, serta tempurung kelapa murni. Proses gasifikasi diawali dengan memasukkan bahan ke dalam reaktor tipe Fixed-bed Updraft Gasifier, kemudian dinyalakan sampai keluar gas yang bisa terbakar dan diuji selama satu jam. Syn gas yang terbentuk dianalisa kandungan gasnya, kemudian dibakar untuk mengetahui efisiensinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis bahan mempengaruhi suhu proses di dalam reaktor, dimana suhu optimal dicapai pada gasifikasi tempurung kelapa murni, yaitu proses pengeringan pada suhu 120 °C, pirolisis 340 °C, Reduksi 650 °C, dan oksidasi 721 °C. Gas yang dihasilkan tersebut dapat terbakar selama 15 menit, dibandingkan campuran limbah padat aren - tempurung yang terbakar 8 menit dan limbah padat aren murni yang hanya mampu terbakar 1 menit.One of the potential energy sources in Indonesia is biomass waste in the form of palm sugar solid waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the type of material on the reactor temperature and the efficiency of the sugar palm solid waste gasification process. The raw materials used were obtained from the Palm Sugar Flour Industrial Center in Daleman Hamlet, Tulung District, Klaten Regency. Before processing the material is first dried by drying it in the sun for a day, then proximate analysis is done. The research variable is the type of material in the form of pure sugar palm solid waste, a mixture of palm sugar solid waste and coconut shell, and pure coconut shell. The gasification process is initiated by inserting the material into the Fixed-bed Updraft Gasifier type reactor, then igniting the flammable gas and testing it for one hour. The syn gas formed is analyzed for its gas content, then burned to find out its efficiency. The results showed that the type of material influences the process temperature inside the reactor, where the optimum temperature is achieved in pure coconut gas gasification, namely the drying process at 120 °C, pyrolysis 340 °C, Reduction 650 °C, and oxidation 721 °C. The resulting gas can burn for 15 minutes, compared to a mixture of aren solid waste - shells that burn for 8 minutes and pure aren solid waste that can only burn for 1 minute.
Karakteristik Minyak dan Gas Hasil Proses Dekomposisi Termal Plastik Jenis Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Ratih Puspita Liestiono; Muhammad Sigit Cahyono; Wira Widyawidura; Agus Prasetya; Mochamad Syamsiro
Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Offshore : Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy
Publisher : Proklamasi 45 University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (476.327 KB) | DOI: 10.30588/jo.v1i2.288

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik minyak dan gas hasil proses dekomposisi termal (pirolisis) sampah plastik jenis low density polyethylene (LDPE) dengan berbagai variabel laju kenaikan suhu selama proses pirolisis terjadi. Pada proses ini digunakan reaktor pirolisis kapasitas 2 kg dengan laju kenaikan suhu sebesar 2, 4, dan 6 °C/menit sebagai variabel penelitian. Minyak dan gas yang terbentuk ditampung dalam wadah penampung dan diukur rendemennya. Karakteristik gas yang dihasilkan kemudian diuji di laboratorium menggunakan peralatan GC-MS dan peralatan uji sifat fisik khusus untuk minyak hasil pirolisis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa semakin tinggi laju kenaikan suhu, minyak yang diahsilkan semakin banyak dan gas semakin sedikit. Rendemen minyak terbesar sebesar 35,83 % dihasilkan pada proses pirolisis dengan laju kenaikan suhu 6 °C/menit, dimana pada saat itu, nilai rendemen gas adalah paling kecil, sebesar 5,83 %. Sementara hasil identifikasi gas, yang paling dominan adalah gas jenis butena, dimana kadarnya semakin kecil seiring dengan laju kenaikan suhu. Kandungan gas butena terbesar sebesar 98% pada laju kenaikan suhu 2 °C/menit. Sementara berdasarkan uji sifat fisik, karakteristik minyak plastik mendekati sifat-sifat bahan bakar minyak, terutama kerosen., sehingga cukup layak apabila dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif pengganti BBM.This study aims to determine the characteristics of oil and gas from the thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) process of waste low density polyethylene (LDPE) type plastic with various temperature increase rate variables during the pyrolysis process. In this process a 2 kg capacity pyrolysis reactor is used with a temperature increase of 2, 4, and 6 °C/min as the research variable. The oil and gas that is formed is stored in a container and the yield is measured. The characteristics of the gases produced are then tested in the laboratory using GC-MS equipment and special physical property test equipment for pyrolysis oils. Based on the research results, it was found that the higher the rate of temperature rise, the more oil is produced and the less gas. The largest oil yield of 35.83 % was produced in the pyrolysis process with a rate of temperature rise of 6 °C/min, where at that time, the value of the gas yield was the smallest, amounted to 5.83 %. While the gas identification results, the most dominant is the type of butene gas, where the levels get smaller along with the rate of temperature rise. The biggest butene gas content is 98 % at a rate of temperature rise of 2 °C/min. While based on the physical properties test, the characteristics of plastic oil approach the properties of fuel oil, especially kerosene, so it is quite feasible if used as an alternative fuel to substitute fuel.
Pengaruh Bahan Bakar Terhadap Arus dan Tegangan yang Dihasilkan oleh Polymer Electrolite Membrane Fuel Cell yang Terintegrasi dengan Gasifier Sampah Organik Ucik Ika Fenti Styana; Nurul Muyasaroh; Muhammad Sigit Cahyono
Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy Vol 3, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities, and Renewable Energy
Publisher : Proklamasi 45 University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (205.083 KB) | DOI: 10.30588/jo.v3i2.590

Abstract

Saat ini, kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat dan ketersediannya semakin menipis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif seperti Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Teknologi ini mampu mengkonversi hidrogen yang dihasilkan dari biomasa melalui proses gasifikasi, menjadi sumber energi listrik. Akan tetapi, kinerja PEMFC sangat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya adalah kualitas bahan bakar yang digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas bahan bakar terhadap kinerja PEMFC yang terintegrasi dengan Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier.  Bahan baku yang digunakan pada proses gasifikasi adalah biomasa berupa tempurung kelapa yang diproses di dalam gasifier menghasilkan syn gas, untuk kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam PEMFC dengan variabel syn gas yang dimurnikan maupun tanpa pemurnian, serta hidrogen murni sebagai kontrol. Peralatan yang digunakan adalah satu set alat Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier yang diintegrasikan dengan PEMFC. Tahap awal pengujian adalah proses gasifikasi tempurung kelapa di dalam gasifier menghasilkan syn gas yang akan langsung ditampung di dalam gas holder. Pengujian berikutnya dilakukan dengan cara yang sama, tetapi syn gas tersebut kemudian dimurnikan melalui satu set peralatan cyclone, filter, scrubber, dan condensor. Produk syn gas tersebut kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam PEMFC dengan pompa serta adanya penambahan oksigen menggunakan blower. Sebagai kontrol, dilakukan pengujian menggunakan hidrogen murni sebagai bahan baku PEMFC dengan laju alir 2,5 liter/menit dan  tekanan gas 2 kg/cm2. Analisa dilakukan dengan indikator arus dan tegangan untuk mengethaui daya yang dihasilkan dari Fuel Cell. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa syn gas hasil gasifikasi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar PEMFC, namun arus dan tegangan yang dihasilkan sangat kecil. Untuk syn gas hasil pemurnian, arus yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,1 Ampere dan Tegangan 1 Volt dan lampu indikator bisa menyala agak redup. Hasil ini berbeda dengan pengujian menggunakan bahan bakar gas hidrogen murni, dimana mampu menghasilkan arus sebesar 1,4 Ampere dan tegangan 7 volt, serta lampu indikator bisa menyala dengan terang. Sementara untuk syn gas tanpa pemurnian, arus dan tegangan yang dihasilkan sangat kecil sehingga tidak terbaca oleh indikator. Kata kunci : Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Fixed-Bed Updraft Gasifier, Syn Gas, Hidrogen, ListrikAbstrackAlternative fuels such as the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). This technology is able to convert hydrogen produced from biomass through a gasification process, into a source of electrical energy. However, PEMFC's performance is strongly influenced by several factors, including the quality of the fuel used. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fuel quality on PEMFC performance integrated with the Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier. The raw material used in the gasification process is biomass in the form of a coconut shell which is processed in the gasifier to produce syn gas, to then be incorporated into PEMFC with a variable syn gas that is purified or without purification, and pure hydrogen as a control. The equipment used is a set of Fixed Bed Updraft Gasifier tools that are integrated with PEMFC. The initial stage of testing is the process of gasification of the coconut shell in the gasifier to produce syn gas which will be directly accommodated in the gas holder. Subsequent tests were carried out in the same way, but the syn gas was then purified through a set of cyclone equipment, filters, scrubbers, and condensers. The syn gas product is then put into PEMFC with a pump and the addition of oxygen using a blower. As a control, testing was conducted using pure hydrogen as PEMFC raw material with a flow rate of 2.5 liters / minute and a gas pressure of 2 kg / cm2. Analysis is carried out with current and voltage indicators to determine the power generated from the Fuel Cell. The results showed that the syn gas produced from gasification can be used as PEMFC fuel, but the current and voltage produced are very small. For syn gas purification results, the resulting current is 0.1 Ampere and 1 Volt Voltage and the indicator light can be lit somewhat dimly. This result is different from testing using pure hydrogen gas fuel, which is able to produce a current of 1.4 Amperes and a voltage of 7 volts, and the indicator lights can be lit brightly. While for syn gas without purification, the current and voltage produced are so small that they cannot be read by indicators. Keywords: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, Fixed-Bed Updraft Gasifier, Syn Gas, Hydrogen, Electricity