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SEJARAH TRADISI FILSAFAT HELLENISTIK DALAM ISLAM Irwan Ahmad Akbar
Jurnal Paradigma Vol 10 No 01 (2020): Nopember
Publisher : LP3M Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Ma'arif Magetan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53961/jurnalparadigma.v10i01.56

The purpose of this research is to answer how the Greek Hellenistic philosophical tradition can develop into the Islamic world. This research is a descriptive-analytic study of historical data (historical-ontological study). So this research has the conclusion that: Hellenistic philosophical tradition can develop in the world of Islam due to the wide expansion in the areas around Arabia that Islam did, including: during the S}a>h}a>bah era where they found the Alexandria library in Egypt, the Umayyads who tended to use the works - Ancient Greek works of practical science, such as medicine and astronomy. It was only during the time of the Abbasids that there was a massive translation of almost all ancient Greek works, especially philosophy. It was at that time that the Hellenistic philosophical tradition in the Islamic world stood at its peak.

DINAMIKA KASUS PENISTAAN AGAMA DI INDONESIA : (Polemik Pemaknaan Ayat-Ayat Penistaan dan UU Penodaan Agama) Irwan Ahmad Akbar
QOF Vol. 3 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Keiri

Bbc.com noted that in the last 40 years in Indonesia, there were 4 major cases including Lia Eden, Arswendo, HB Jassin and Teguh Santosa. Melissa Crouch noted that at least 120 people were tried for harassing religion. However, I underline that the issue of blasphemy arises recently because it began with a case of Ahok in Kepulauan Seribu. After that case, the case of blasphemy emerged like a domino effect, leaving questions in my mind, â€˜why can it be like this?'. In this study, I will try to examine how the contestation of cases of blasphemy in Indonesia is so intertwined. By using descriptive and interpretative analysis methods, I found that the polemic of the emergence of blasphemy cases in Indonesia is motivated by two things; the interpretation of certain authorities who consider that in the Koran there is a set of positive punishment for blasphemy cases. Furthermore, the Blasphemy Law in Indonesia is very biased in determining certain individuals / groups as religious opponents.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT FOR BLASPHEMY IN THE HADITH OF THE PROPHET: A Perspective through the Common Link Theory Akbar, Irwan Ahmad; Roibin, Roibin
RIWAYAH Vol 10, No 1 (2024): Riwayah : Jurnal Studi Hadis
Publisher : ilmu hadis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/riwayah.v10i1.26059

This study aims to investigate the authenticity of the hadith that permits the death penalty for those who insult the Prophet. Through the lens of the Common Link theory, the research seeks to examine this hadith by applying isnad criticism. The study employs a qualitative methodology, using a library research approach to analyze and understand the relevant hadiths. Data is collected from various primary hadith collections, which are then analyzed through contextual review and source criticism and compared with the commentaries of hadith scholars and relevant academic literature. The objective of this research is to determine whether the hadith in question is valid as a basis for justifying the death penalty for blasphemy against the Prophet. Ultimately, the findings of this study conclude that the hadith falls into the category of gharib nisbi. Furthermore, ‘Utsman al-Syaham is identified as a fabricator of this hadith. Regarding his reliability, al-Syaham is a controversial figure whose credibility is debated among scholars and hadith critics. Consequently, this hadith is deemed insufficient to be used as a legitimate basis for implementing the death penalty for insulting the Prophet.[Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menelusuri otentitisitas hadits mengenai kebolehan menghukum mati penghina Nabi. Melalui lensa teori Common Link. Penelitian ini berusaha memeriksa hadis tersebut dengan kritik isnad. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dengan pendekatan library research untuk menganalisis dan memahami hadis-hadis terkait. Data dikumpulkan dari berbagai kitab hadis primer, kemudian dianalisis melalui tinjauan kontekstual dan kritik sumber, serta dibandingkan dengan komentar para ulama dan literatur akademis yang relevan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hadis tersebut layak digunakan sebagai dasar untuk membenarkan tindakan hukum mati bagi penghina Nabi. Pada akhirnya, hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hadits ini tergolong ke dalam gharib nisbi. Adapun ‘Utsman al-Syaham adalah fabrikator hadits. Dari aspek ketsiqahan, al-Syaham tergolong ke dalam sosok yang diperdebatkan kekredibelannya di tengah para ulama dan kritikus hadits. Oleh karena itu, hadits ini tidak cukup untuk dapat dijadikan hujjah dalam menghukum mati penghina Nabi.]

DOES QURAN HARBOR HATRED TOWARDS JEWS? (Hermeneutical Exploration of Surah Al-Baqarah: 120) Akbar, Irwan Ahmad
Tafáqquh: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Keislaman Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): Desember
Publisher : INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM BANI FATTAH (IAIBAFA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52431/tafaqquh.v12i2.3089

This research explores the verses related to Jews in the Quran, particularly in Surah al-Baqarah verse 120. Some groups claim this verse to be evidence that the Quran harbors hatred towards Jews. This research utilizes a historical and semantic approach to thoroughly examine the verses in the Quran that pertain to Jews. This is conducted to produce a definitive answer to the question: does the Quran indeed hate Jews? Using a qualitative approach with data from classical and modern Islamic literature, this research concludes that the Jews referred to in the Quran, especially in Surah al-Baqarah verse 120, are a prototype of an antagonistic character. Through a semantic-historical analysis, it is determined that the Jews referred to in the Quran do not represent all Jews, but specifically denote the Jewish groups in Medina. The Quran does not hate Jews; rather, it criticizes their behavior, not their race or religion. In summary, the Quran critiques bad behavior from any individual, regardless of who they are.

Legal and Ethical Interpretation of Blasphemy Cases in Indonesia: A Ma'na-cum-Maghza Perspective Akbar, Irwan Ahmad; Zainuddin, M.; Soleh, Achmad Khudori
Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum Vol 57 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ajish.v57i1.1218

The phenomenon of religious blasphemy cases in Indonesia, including the cases of Sukmawati and Meiliana, which are the focal points of this study, has raised concerns and garnered serious attention, even from academics. Accusations in cases of religious blasphemy are almost invariably based on interpretations of QS. al-Tauba [9]: 64-66. Therefore, this article aims to explore the alignment between these cases and the meanings contained within QS. al-Tauba [9]: 64-66 from legal and ethical perspectives. The data in this article are based on legal documents, books of Quranic exegesis, academic journal articles, reports from Human Rights Watch, and several national online news sources. Data collection techniques involved literature studies and case observations via the internet. The blasphemy cases accused against Sukmawati and Meiliana are described within the context of Indonesian law and analyzed using the ma’na-cum-maghza theory. This article concludes that the actions taken by Sukmawati and Meiliana were wrong and unethical. However, their actions cannot be categorized as criminal offenses. Based on the analysis of QS. al-Tauba [9]: 64-65, blasphemy does not fall into the category of criminal acts, but rather an ethical violation whose legal sanctions are in the hands of God, not humans. Thus, this article offers a new perspective on the interpretation and understanding of the term blasphemy. Kasus penistaan agama yang banyak terjadi di Indonesia, termasuk kasus Sukmawati dan Meiliana yang menjadi fokus kajian ini, telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran dan mendapatkan perhatian serius, bahkan dari akademisi. Tuduhan terhadap kasus penistaan agama tersebut hampir selalu didasarkan pada hasil penafsiran atas QS. al-Tauba [9]: 64-66. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kesesuaian antara kasus-kasus tersebut dengan makna yang terkandung dalam QS. al-Tauba [9]: 64-66 dari sudut pandang hukum dan etik. Data-data dalam artikel ini didasarkan pada dokumen hukum, kitab-kitab tafsir Al-Quran, artikel jurnal, laporan organisasi Human Right Watch dan beberapa sumber berita daring nasional. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi literatur dan observasi kasus melalui internet. Kasus penistaan agama yang dituduhkan kepada Sukmawati dan Meiliana dideskripsikan dalam konteks hukum Indonesia dan dianalisis menggunakan teori ma’na-cum-maghza. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa apa yang dilakukan oleh Sukmawati dan Meiliana merupakan suatu tindakan yang salah dan tidak beretika. Namun demikian, tindakan keduanya tidaklah bisa dikategorikan sebagai tindakan pidana. Sebab, berdasarkan analisis atas QS. al-Tauba [9]: 64-65, penistaan agama tidaklah masuk kategori tindakan pidana, melainkan sebuah pelanggaran etika yang sanksi hukumnya berada di tangan Tuhan, bukan manusia. Dengan demikian, artikel ini memberikan perspektif baru terkait penafsiran dan pemahaman terhadap istilah penistaan agama.

Implementing the Baghdadi Method to Improve Qur’anic Literacy in Islamic Boarding Schools: Evidence from Roudhotun Nubaha Al Mukhlishin, Mojokerto Khoiriyah, Ula Lailatul; Ashoumi, Hilyah; Akbar, Irwan Ahmad
Kuttab: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Kuttab: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam
Publisher : Universitas Islam Lamongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30736/ktb.v9i2.2541

This study aims to examine the implementation of the Baghdadi method in improving Qur'anic reading skills among students at Pondok Pesantren Roudhotun Nubaha Al-Mukhlisin Mojokerto, as well as to identify its supporting and inhibiting factors. The background of this research lies in the importance of effective Qur'anic teaching methods to develop basic reading and comprehension skills. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. The results show that the implementation of the Baghdadi method is conducted gradually—starting with the introduction of Arabic letters (huruf hijaiyah), mastery of articulation (makharijul huruf), vowel marks (harakat), and eventually progressing to reading and memorizing short surahs. Supporting factors include active involvement from teachers and parents, the use of appropriate instructional media, and high student motivation. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors include limited instructional time, inadequate classroom conditions, and the lack of advanced tajweed instruction.

THE LEGITIMACY OF THE CALIPHATE AS A STATE SYSTEM Akbar, Irwan Ahmad; Lilawati, Emi; Rohmah, Hidayatur
Al-Iqro' Vol 2 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54622/aijis.v2i1.414

Certain groups believe the Qur'an legitimizes the establishment of a state based on the khilafah system, specifically citing Surah Al-Baqarah (2:30). The purpose of this research is to critically examine the term khalifah in Q. (2:30) using semantic and semiotic approaches. Additionally, the study will explore the historical features of the term in-depth to answer questions regarding the moral ideal conveyed in the verses on khalifah. Specifically, it investigates whether these verses serve as a legal basis for the khilafah system. Furthermore, the researcher will analyze Qur'anic verses and hadiths related to themes of national defense and love for one’s homeland. The study concludes that the assumption that the Qur'an legitimizes the khilafah system is a misconception. Nowhere in the Qur'an does the term khilafah appear; instead, the term used is khalifah. Verses that discuss khalifah do not aim to validate the establishment of a political system based on khilafah. Rather, they represent God’s designation of humankind as His stewards, tasked with managing and utilizing the Earth's resources responsibly. Moreover, the moral ideal conveyed by the verses on khalifah underscores God’s recognition of humanity as the creation endowed with Ahsanu Taqwim (the most excellent form). This highlights the dignity and responsibility bestowed upon humankind in fulfilling their role as stewards of the Earth.

DOES QURAN HARBOR HATRED TOWARDS JEWS? (Hermeneutical Exploration of Surah Al-Baqarah: 120) Akbar, Irwan Ahmad
Tafáqquh: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Keislaman Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): Desember
Publisher : INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM BANI FATTAH (IAIBAFA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52431/tafaqquh.v12i2.3089

This research explores the verses related to Jews in the Quran, particularly in Surah al-Baqarah verse 120. Some groups claim this verse to be evidence that the Quran harbors hatred towards Jews. This research utilizes a historical and semantic approach to thoroughly examine the verses in the Quran that pertain to Jews. This is conducted to produce a definitive answer to the question: does the Quran indeed hate Jews? Using a qualitative approach with data from classical and modern Islamic literature, this research concludes that the Jews referred to in the Quran, especially in Surah al-Baqarah verse 120, are a prototype of an antagonistic character. Through a semantic-historical analysis, it is determined that the Jews referred to in the Quran do not represent all Jews, but specifically denote the Jewish groups in Medina. The Quran does not hate Jews; rather, it criticizes their behavior, not their race or religion. In summary, the Quran critiques bad behavior from any individual, regardless of who they are.

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