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Responses of broilers to Aloe vera bioactives as feed additive: The effect of different forms and levels of bioactives on performances of broilers A.P Sinurat; T Purwadaria; M.H Togatorop; T Pasaribu; I.A.K Bintang; S Sitompul; J Rosida
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 7, No 2 (2002): JUNE 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Feed additives are commonly used in poultry feed as growth promotors or to improve feed efficiency. Previous results showed that Aloe vera bioactives could improve feed efficiency in broilers. Therefore, a further study was designed in order to obtain optimum doses and application methods of bioactives for broiler chickens. Aloe vera was prepared in different forms (fresh gel, dry gel, fresh whole leaf or dry whole leaf). The aloe was supplemented into the feed with concentrations of 0.25; 0.5 and 1 g/kg (equal to dry gel). Standard diets with or without antibiotics were also included as control. The diets were fed to broilers from day old to 5 weeks and the performances were observed. Results showed that the aloe-bioactives did not significantly (P>0.05) affect final body weight of broilers as compared with the control. Supplementation of 0.25 g/kg fresh gel, 0.25 and 1.0 g/kg dry gel significantly improved feed convertion by 4.7; 4.8 and 8.2%, respectively as compared with the control. This improvement was a result of reduction in feed intake or dry matter intake without reducing the weight gain. However, supplementation of whole aloe leafs could not improve feed convertion in boilers. It is concluded that the bioactives of Aloe vera could be used as feed supplement to improve feed efficiency in broilers with no deleterious effect on weight gain, carcass yield, abdominal fat levels and internal organs. The effective concentrations of aloe gell as a feed supplement based on dry matter convertion were from 0.25 g/kg fresh gel, 0.25 and 1.0 g/kg dry gel. Key words: Broilers, feed efficiency, feed additives, Aloe vera

Effect of ß-xilanase and ß-glucanace supplementations on the performances of broiler chickens I.A.K Bintang; A.P Sinurat; P.P Ketaren
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 11, No 2 (2006): JUNE 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of enzyme supplementation on the performances of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty five day old chicks (DOC) were allocated into five dietary treatment with 5 replicates. Every replicate had 5 DOC. The treatments were: control, control + 0.02% ß-xylanase, control + ß glucanase at three levels (0.05; 0.10 and 0.20%). The treatments were carried out in a randomized block design. Parameter measured were: feed intake, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 3 and 5 weeks old, while carcass, internal organ, abdominal fat, thickness of intestine, and mortality were observed only at 5 weeks old. The results showed that enzyme supplementation did not significantly (P>0.05) affect feed intake and live weight gain of chicks at 3 weeks old, but the FCR of enzyme supplementation was significantly (P<0.05) better as compared with the control. FCR of birds fed with ß-glucanase tended to be better than the ß-xylanase supplementation (P>0.05). The enzyme addition did not significantly (P>0.05) affect all parameters recorded at 5 weeks old chickens. It is concluded that the best treatment for chicks at 3 weeks old was 0.05% ß-glucanace supplementation. This treatment improved 7.55% FCR as compared to the control. Key Word: Enzyme, Performances, Broiler

Nutritive value of palm oil sludge fermentation by some incubation process Bintang I.A.B; A.P Sinurat; T Purwadaria; T Pasaribu
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 5, No 1 (2000): MARCH 2000
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of fermented palm oil sludge (PaS) incubated with different ways towards metabolic digestibility on dry matter,true metabolizable energy (TME) and protein digestibilities. A completely randomized design was used. Treatments consisted of unfermented pas (control) and fermented pas with and without enzymatic incubation proces, two levels of incubation temperatures (28°C and 32°C) and three levels of incubation times (3, 4 and 5 days). The digestibility studies were carried out in 46 layer. The results showed that the dry matter digestibility of P_S was not significantly affected by fermentation process neither by incubation times. TME was not affected by fermentation process and incubation times, but it was significantly affected by incubation temperatures during fennentation (P<0,05). Incubation temperatures at 3rC more significant than 28°C. Enzimatic process was more significant than without enzimatic process. True metabolizable energy was highly significantly affected by enzimatic process (P<O,OI). Protein digestibility was highly significantly affected by time and incubation process (P<O,Ol), but not significantly affected by temperatures incubation. It was concluded that fermentation process could improve the digestibility of palm oil sludge (paS). The best result obtained from incubation at 32°C for 3 days and continued by enzimatic process. Key words: Fennentation, nutritive value, palm oil sludge

Utilization of palm oil sludge in poultry diet. 1. Dried palm oil sludge and its fermented product in broiler’s diet A.P Sinurat; T Purwadaria; P.P Ketaren; D Zainuddin; I.P Kompiang
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 5, No 2 (2000): JUNE 2000
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Palm oil sludge a by product of palm oil industry is not commonly used in poultry feed due to some limiting factors such as low protein and amino acids content and high fiber content. These limiting factors were expected to be reduced by fermentation technology. Therefore an experiment was conducted to study the use of fermented (FLS) and non-fermented palm oil sludge (LS) for broiler chicken feed. Two hundred and ten day-old broiler chicks were used for this study. The birds were allocated into 35 cages with 6 birds in each cage. Each 5 group of birds were fed with one of 7 experimental diets. All diets were formulated with similar nutrient contents containing either LS or FLS at 3 different levels (5, 10 and 15%) and a control diet with no LS or FLS. The experimental diets were fed for 6 weeks and the performances were observed. Carcass yield, abdominal fat, weight of liver and gizzard were also measured at the end of the trial. The results showed that LS or FLS can be included in broiler’s diet, since the mortality, carcass yield, abdominal fat, liver and gizzard were not significantly affected. Best level inclusion of LS was 5%. Although inclusion of 10-15% LS did not affect growth and feed conversion significantly, the feed intake was significantly depressed. The best level inclusion of FLS was 10%, since higher level (15%) caused growth depression. Key words: Palm oil sludge, fermentation, broilers

Effect of fibre hydrolytic enzymes supplementation on performances of broiler chickens fed diets containing rice bran Pius P Ketaren; T Purwadaria; A.P Sinurat; T Haryati
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 17, No 3 (2012): SEPTEMBER 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Use of the rice bran as poultry feed is restricted by its high fibre content as poultry is unable to hydrolyse the fibre into available energy. This experiment was aimed The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of crude enzymes supplementation on performances of broiler chickens fed diets containing 30% rice bran. The experiment was based on completely randomized design with nine experimental diets. Diets 1-5 contained 5% less than recommended protein and energy, based on determined metabolizable energy (ME) content in the rice bran at 2040 kcal/kg, without taking into account on the beneficial effect of the enzyme supplementation. These diets were: 1. A control diet (D2040, without enzymes); 2. D2040 + E. javanicum (BS4) + P. nalgiovense (S11); 3. D2040 + BS4 + A. niger; 4. D2040 + BS4 + commercial enzymes (CE); 5. D2040 + B. pumilus (PU4-2) + CE. Four other experimental diets contained the same protein and energy levels as in the diets 1-5, but had taken into account on the beneficial effect of the enzyme supplementation,. These diets were: 6. D2702 + BS4 + S11; 7. D2650 + BS4 + A. niger; 8. D2465 + BS4 + CE ;and 9. D2465 + PU4-2+ CE. Each experimental diet was repeated six times and each replication consists of 5 day-old broiler chickens. Results showed that FCR of the chickens fed D2040 + PU4-2 + CE diet (FCR = 1.38) and D2465 + PU4-2 + CE diet (FCR = 1.46) were significantly (P < 0.01) improved compared to the control diet (FCR = 1.64). This experiment strongly shows that supplementation of PU4-2 + CE enzymes significantly (P < 0.01) improved feed efficiency of the broiler chickens by 11-16%. Key Words: Fibre Hydrolytic Enzymes, Broiler Chickens, Performances

Nutritive value of palm oil sludge fermented with Aspergillus niger after stored in different packing materials T Pasaribu; T Purwadaria; A.P Sinurat; J Rosida; D.O.D Saputra
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 6, No 4 (2001): DECEMBER 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

An experiment has been conducted to determine the effect of type of packaging and time of storage on fermented palm oil sludge. The palm oil sludge was fermented with Aspergillus niger, dried, kept in differentpackaging materials (plastic bags, feed bag, and paper bag) and stored under room temperatures for 12 weeks. The experiment was assigned in a split plot design (3x7). The parameters measured were water content, crude protein, soluble nitrogen, true protein, in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and true protein digestibilities (IVTPD), total in vitro digestible protein, and the activities of mannanase and cellulase. Results showed that fermented palm oil sludge stored for 12 weeks increased the water content, decreased the true protein and fiber contents, and also reduced the activity of mannanase and cellulase and in vitro dry matter digestibility but no changes on the crude protein content, protein digestibility, and total digestible protein. It was concluded that fermented palm oil sludge should be kept in feed bag under room temperature if to be stored for 12 weeks. Key words : Palm oil sludge, fermentation, nutritive value, storage

Nutritive value of fermented coconut meal in ration of laying ducks with various phosphorous levels A.P Sinurat; T Purwadaria; A Habiebie; T Pasaribu; H Hamid; J Rosida; T Haryati; I Sutikno
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 3, No 1 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

A series of experiment was conducted to improve the utilization of coconut meal in poultry ration . A bioprocess (fermentation) approach was adopted. Coconut meal was fermented followed by an enzymatic process at room temperature or 50 OC.The nutritive value of the fermented products was determined chemically. Product with the highest nutritive value was then used for a feeding trial to study the interaction effect between dietary levels of fermented coconut meal and phosphorous level on the performances of laying ducks. Nine experimental diets were formulated, i.e ., the factorial of 3 levels of fermented coconut meal (0, 30 and 40%) and 3 levels of total phosphorous (0.6, 0.8 and 1 .0%) . The diet was fed to pullet ducks and the performances of the ducks were observed for 16 weeks of production period. The results showed that the nutritive value of coconut meal increased by fermentation and the highest yield was achieved when the enzymatic process was performed at 500C. There was no significant interaction effect between dietary fermented coconut meal levels and the phosphorous levels on all parameters observed, except on egg weight. Inclusion of fermented coconut meal in the ration up to 30% did not produce negative effects on the productivity oflaying ducks, however, higher levels (40%) ofinclusion reduced the egg size Keywords: Coconut meal, fermentation, ducks, egg production

Effectivity of Aloe vera bioactives as feed additive for broilers reared on deep litter A.P Sinurat; T Purwadaria; T Pasaribu; W Rakhmani; J Dharma; J Rosida; S Sitompul; Udjianto .
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 9, No 3 (2004): SEPTEMBER 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

There are plenty of Indonesian plants contain usefull bioactive components. One of them is Aloe vera. Previous experiment showed that Aloe vera bioactives reduced aerob bacteria in the intestinal and improved feed efficiency in broilers reared in cages. The results however, gave some variations, may be due to variation in rearing the chickens. Two experiments were carried out to study the effectivity of Aloe vera bioactives as feed additives for broilers reared on deep litter. In the first study, six experimental diets in mash form were formulated, i.e.: Control (K); K + antibiotic; K + 0.50 g/kg dry Aloe vera (LBK); K + 1.00 g/kg LBK; K + anthraquinone; K + Aloe vera in semi-liquid form. The amount of semi liquid Aloe vera and the anthraquinone were equally to 1.00 g LBK/kg. Results showed that antibiotic improved body weight gain 6.10% and feed efficiency 5.50% better than the control, although statistically not significant (P>0.05). Aloe vera bioactives in low doses (0.50 g/kg) also improved weight gain (6.30%) and feed efficiency (5.20%) similar to the antibiotic. However, Aloe vera in high doses and anthraquinone (equal to 1.00 g/kg diet) did not improve performance of broilers. There were no significant changes on carcass yield, abdominal fat levels, weight of liver, gizard and gastro intestinal tract due to any feed additives tested. The second experiment were carried out to study the effectivity of feed additives when included in crumble diets. Six experimental diets, i.e.: Control (K), K + antibiotic, K + Semi-liquid Aloe vera (equal to 1.00g dry Aloe vera/kg), K + 0.50 g dry Aloe vera/kg, K + 1.00 g dry Aloe vera/kg, K + 0.50 g dry Aloe vera + 0.50 g Curcuma xanthorrhiza meal/kg. All diets were fed in crumble form. Results showed that chickens fed with feed additives (antibiotic or Aloe vera bioactives) have a significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight gain and feed efficiency than those fed with control diet. The best weight gain was achieved by low dose dry Aloe vera (1342 g/bird) and the lowest was the control (1039 g/bird). The best feed conversion ratio was achieved by antibiotic treatment (1.756) followed by low dose dry Aloe vera + curcuma meal (1.758) and the worst was showed by the control (1.908). It is concluded that Aloe vera bioactives at low dose (0.50 g/kg diet) could improve body weight gain and feed efficiency of broilers reared on deep litter. The improvement achieved was similar as the antibiotic. The bioactive is more effective when fed in crumble diets. Key words: Broilers, bioactives, Aloe vera

Solid state fermentation of palm kernel meal by using Aspergillus niger Supriyati .; T Pasaribu; H Hamid; A.P Sinurat
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 3, No 3 (1998)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

The solid state fermentation technique on palm kernel meal by using Aspergillus niger wild type and NRRL 337 was studied. The fermentation was carried out at 30oC for 3 days continued with enzymatic process at room temperature and 40oC for 2 days. The result showed that at the third days of fermentation spores started to grow on the surface. The 3rd days fermentation can improve protein content and in vitro digestibility (IVDMD) with minimal loss of dry matter. The dry matter contents at 3 days fermentation were 48.88 and 48.83% for product using Aspergillus niger wild type and NRRL 337. Combination 3 days fermentation and 2 days enzymatic process at room temperature by using Aspergillus niger NRRL 337 type gave the best product with optimal IVDMD value and protein digestibility of 51.47 and 71.33%. Key words : Palm kernel meal, fermentation, Aspergillus niger

Use of termite (Glyptotermes montanus) as poultry feed P.P Ketaren; A.P Sinurat; T Purwadaria; I.P Kompiang; M Amir
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 6, No 2 (2001): JUNE 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Termites containing high protein and various enzymes including cellulase enzyme produced by microbes in its digestive system. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of termite (Glyptotermes montanus) as poultry feed. One hundred and seventy five, day-old broiler chicks were used for this experiment. The broiler chickens were allotted to seven different diets: (1) control diet containing rice bran without termite (KD), (2) KD + 0.75% dried termites (RK), (3) KD + 1.50% RK, (4) KD + 3.00% RK, (5) KD + 14% fresh termite (RB), (6) KD + 4.29% RB, (7) KD + 8.57% RB. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, carcass and visceral were recorded for five weeks experiment. The results showed that chickens fed the diet containing 1.50% RK grew significantly (P<0.05) bigger than other diets. Feed intake of chickens fed KD + 1.50% RK was also significantly (P<0.05) higher than chickens fed other diet but was not significantly (P>0.05) different from feed intake of chickens fed KD, KD + 3.00% RK and KD + 8.57% RB. FCR of chickens fed RK or RB were not significantly different (P>0.05) from FCR of KD diet. Carcass weight of broiler chickens fed KD + 1.50% RK significantly (P<0.05) higher than carcass weight of chickens fed KD diet or improved carcass percentage of about 4.4%. This experiment also showed that the inclusion of termites in the diet significantly (P<0.05) increased percentage of gizzard, heart and abdominal fat weight of chickens. Key words: Termite, feed ingredient, broiler chicken, carcass

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