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Association Analysis of Complications, Number of Drugs, and Medication Adherence in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Ratnasari, Pande Made Desy; Yuliawati, Agustina Nila; Lestari, Gusti Ayu Dewi; Andaresta, Ni Luh Putu Silvia
Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 11 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30650/jik.v11i2.3809

Hemodialysis (HD) in its implementation is reported to cause complications. Complications may cause the patients to receive >3 types of drugs and decrease their medication adherence. This study aimed to analyze the association between the number of complications and the number of drugs, and the association between the number of drugs with medication adherence in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients. This research was conducted at the private hospital Denpasar in March-May 2021 with a cross-sectional design involving 93 respondents. The purposive sampling technique was used according to inclusion criteria (ESRD patients with complications, undergoing HD at least twice a week, signing informed consent) and exclusion criteria (having poor or unstable health, unable to communicate well). The research instrument used was a questionnaire (ESRD-AQ). The Mann-Whitney test and Kendall tau-b test were used to analyze the association in this study. The results showed that the majority of patients were <65 years old (83.9%), male (66.7%), 35.5% high school education, still working (51.6%), and long of diagnosed with ESRD <5 years (77%). The average patient had ≥2 complications (81.72%) and 80.64% received 1-6 types of drugs with high levels of medication adherence (67.74%). There was an association between the number of complications and the number of drugs (p=0.026) and the association between the number of drugs and medication adherence (p=0.023) with a weak correlation (r=-0,227). This indicates that complications can affect the number of drugs consumed and indirectly also affect the medication adherence of ESRD patients.

Hubungan Pengetahuan terhadap Kepatuhan Pengobatan Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik yang Menjalani Hemodialisis Ratnasari, Pande Made Desy; Yuliawati, Agustina Nila; Dhrik, Mahadri; Cahyadi, Kadek Duwi
Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik Vol 20, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/jiffk.v20i2.8379

Gagal ginjal kronik (GGK) membutuhkan terapi hemodialisis (HD) serta pengobatan lainnya untuk bertahan hidup. Faktor pendukung yaitu pengetahuan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien dalam menjalani pengobatan dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan terapi. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan pengobatan pasien GGK. Rancangan penelitian berupa cross sectional pada salah satu rumah sakit swasta Denpasar, Bali. Penelitian melibatkan 105 pasien GGK yang rutin menjalani HD pada bulan Mei 2021. Sampel diperoleh dengan teknik purposive sampling. Kriteria inklusi meliputi usia ≥18 tahun, data rekam medis lengkap serta bersedia mengisi kuesioner. Pasien dengan kondisi lemah, hamil/menyusui tidak dilibatkan dalam penelitian. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan rekam medis dan pengisian kuesioner yaitu Chronic Kidney Disease Knowledge Questionnaire terkait pengetahuan dan End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire untuk kepatuhan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kendall's Tau-b (CI:95%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata pengetahuan dan kepatuhan pengobatan pada kategori sedang. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan pengobatan (p=0,108;r=-0,158). Pasien dengan pengetahuan tinggi menunjukkan kepatuhan tinggi pada dimensi pengobatan HD, pembatasan cairan dan rekomendasi diet. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan akan penyakit dan pengobatan pada penderita GGK sangat penting diberikan pada awal pengobatan secara berkelanjutan guna meningkatkan kepatuhan serta menunjang keberhasilan terapi sehingga kualitas hidup pasien dapat dipertahankan atau ditingkatkan

Pengaruh Formulasi Terhadap Mutu Fisik Body Butter Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Sawiji, Repining Tiyas; Jawa La, Elisabeth Oriana; Yuliawati, Agustina Nila
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Kulit buah naga memiliki beragam manfaat walaupun sering dianggap sebagai limbah. Kulit buah naga mengandung banyak pigmen warna, salah satunya antosianin yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Kandungan ini mampu mencegah radikal bebas yang menyebabkan penuaan dini maupun penyakit lainnya. Antioksidan yang terdapat didalam kulit buah naga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai zat aktif sediaan kosmetika tubuh salah satunya body butter. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi stabilitas sediaan body butterÂ adalah emulgator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh formulasi, yaitu adanya variasi konsentrasi kadar emulgator (tween 60 : span 60) terhadap stabilitas fisik body butter. Sediaan dibuat dengan 3 macam konsentrasi emulgator tween 60 : span 60 yaitu 1%, 2%, dan 3%. Ketiga formula diuji stabilitas fisiknya dengan uji organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya lekat, daya sebar, dan daya proteksi. Uji stabilitas fisik dilakukan pada minggu I, II, III, dan IV di suhu ruang. Data pengamatan dianalisis statistik dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil evaluasi sediaan body butterÂ menunjukkan bahwa variasi emulgator tidak memberikan pengaruh tehadap sifat fisik body butterÂ meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH dan daya sebar. Namun mempengaruhi uji daya lekat dan daya proteksi (p>0.05). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, didapatkan hasil yaitu formula III lebih stabil dalam penyimpanan selama 4 minggu daripada formula I dan II.Kata kunci :Â ekstrak kulit buah naga, emulgator, body butter, stabilitas fisikDragon fruit peelsÂ has a variety of benefits although it is often considered a waste. Dragon fruit peels contains many color pigments, one of which is anthocyanin which functions as an antioxidant. This content is able to prevent free radicals that cause premature aging and other diseases. Antioxidants found in dragon fruit peels can be used as active ingredients for cosmetics, one of which is body butter. One of the factors that influence the stability of the body butter preparation is an emulgator. This study aims to determine the effect of the formulation, namely the variation in the concentration of emulgator levels (tween 60: span 60) on the physical stability of body butter. The preparations were made with 3 kinds of 60: span 60 emulsifier concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The three formulas were tested for physical stability by organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, dispersion, and protection. Physical stability tests were carried out at weeks I, II, III, and IV at room temperature. Observation data were analyzed statistically with a confidence level of 95%. The results of the evaluation of body butter preparations showed that variations in the emulgator had no effect on the physical properties of the body butter including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and dispersion. But it affects the test of adhesion and protection (p> 0.05). Based on the test results, the results obtained are formula III is more stable in storage for 4 weeks than formulas I and II.Keywords:Â Hylocereus polyrhizus, emulgators, body butter, physical evaluation

Skrining Fitokimia Dan Analisis Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Jawa La, Elisabeth Oriana; Sawiji, Repining Tiyas; Yuliawati, Agustina Nila
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus)Â merupakan tumbuhan yang sudah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia secara alami sebagai tanaman kaya antioksidan, sebaliknya pemanfaatan dari kulit buah naga merah belum sepenuhnya dimaksimalkan. Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa selain daging buah, kulit buah naga merah dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber untuk pengobatan karena kaya akan antioksidan. Hal tersebut dapat digunakan sebagaiÂ dasar dan pilihan untuk menghasilkan produk obatÂ tradisional dari kulit buah naga merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada kulit buah naga merah berupa skrining fitokimia dan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) pada senyawa aktif yang disinyalir terkandung didalam kulit buah naga merah yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam produk kefarmasian. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% diperoleh rendemen ekstrak sebanyak 2,96%. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan sebagai uji pendahuluanÂ untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam ekstrak kulit buah naga merah,Â dilanjutkan dengan KLT untuk mempertegas hasil reaksi positif. Hasil skrining dan KLT diperoleh kulit buah naga merah positif mengandung alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, steroidÂ dan potensial untuk dijadikan obat tradisional.Kata kunci :kulit buah naga merah, skrining fitokimia, KLT, metabolit sekunderÂ Red dragon fruits (Hylocereus polyrhizus) generally has been widely known Indonesian as a plant that rich in antioxidant Â however, theÂ Red dragon fruitsÂ peel is not fully utilized. Some of studies have been conducted indicating that as well as its fruit flesh, Red dragon fruits peel can be beneficial as a source for treatment and traditional medicinal products since it is also rich of antioxidants.This research aims to identify the content of secondary metabolites on the Red dragon fruits peel Â in the form of phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in the active compounds which can be utilized in the product of Â Pharmacy. Extraction is conducted by maceration using the 96% ethanol solvent in order to produces extracts as much as 2.96 %. Â Phytochemical screening is delivered as a preliminary test to identify the content of secondary metabolites contained in the peel of Â Red dragon fruit peel and continued with the TLC to confirmed give positive Â results. Results of Â the screening and TLC obtained that the peel of Â Red dragon fruits positive contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and potential to be used as traditional medicineKeyword : Red dragon fruit peel, phytochemical screening, TLC, secondary metabolitesÂ

Association Between Antidiabetic Pattern with Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Buleleng Hospital: Hubungan Antara Pola Penggunaan Antidiabetik dengan Kepatuhan Pengobatan Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Swasta Buleleng Bali Ratnasari, Pande Made Desy; Ardeliani, I Gusti Ayu Indira; Yuliawati, Agustina Nila; Kurnianta, Putu Dian Marani
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023): (October 2023)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/j24428744.2023.v9.i2.15908

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which requires long-term therapy. Medication adherence plays an important role for therapeutic success in patients with T2DM. Antidiabetic usage pattern might involve with some problems related to medication adherence. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between antidiabetic usage pattern with medication adherence. Material and Methods: This observational study was conducted cross-sectionally involving 90 participants of T2DM outpatient at Private Hospital in Buleleng Bali during July-September 2020. Patients were included if aged â‰¥18 years, received the same antidiabetic for three months before the study, signed informed consent, and provided with complete medical record data. Patients were excluded if appeared to be unwell, pregnant or breastfeeding. Demographic data and antidiabetic usage patterns were collected retrospectively based on the patient's medical records. Probabilistic Medication Adherence Scale (ProMAS) questionnaire was used to assess medication adherence. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The results showed that 55.6% patients were male, aged 46-65 years (61.1%), education predominantly by elementary school (37.8%), had suffered from DM for 5-10 years (46.7%), with comorbidities (50%), and without complications (77.8%). The antidiabetic usage pattern was dominated by a combination of two antidiabetics (53.3%). Most patients (42.2%) showed moderate-high medication adherence. There was no statistically significant association between antidiabetic usage pattern and medication adherence (p=0.275). Conclusions: A higher rate of medication adherence was found in patients taking combination of two antidiabetics compared to combination of three or four antidiabetics.

Profil Terapi Antihipertensi pada Pasien Hipertensi dengan Komplikasi Tunggal Kurnianta, Putu Dian Marani; Darmiati, Ni Komang Ari; Dhrik, Mahadri; Yuliawati, Agustina Nila
Acta Holistica Pharmaciana Vol 6 No 1 (2024): Acta Holistica Pharmaciana
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Mahaganesha (Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Mahaganesha)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62857/ahp.v6i1.158

Hipertensi merupakan keadaan peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik dan/ atau diastolik yang membutuhkan upaya pengendalian untuk mencegah morbiditas dan mortalitas di tengah prevalensinya yang tinggi di Indonesia, termasuk di Bali. Kontrol hipertensi untuk memperlambat perburukan penyakit berupa komplikasi organ dilakukan berdasarkan algoritma tata laksana. Intervensi farmakologi berperan besar dalam terapi hipertensi, terlebih akibat keragaman pemilihan antihipertensi yang diberikan pada pasien hipertensi dengan komplikasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan profil penggunaan antihipertensi pada pasien hipertensi dengan komplikasi tunggal di salah satu rumah sakit umum swasta “X” Gianyar berdasarkan peresepan pada periode Januari-Desember 2019. Desain cross sectional diterapkan dengan pendekatan retrospektif non eksperimental terhadap data sekunder yang bersumber dari rekam medis sesuai kriteria inklusi. Data yang diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini memenuhi persyaratan jika melibatkan pasien hipertensi rawat jalan dewasa dengan satu macam komplikasi yang menjalani pengobatan sama pada minimal dua kali peresepan secara berturut-turut. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan penyajian berupa tabel dan diagram. Dari sejumlah total 108 pasien hipertensi, kejadian komplikasi yang paling banyak dialami adalah diabetes melitus (50,00%). Kombinasi dua jenis antihipertensi berbeda paling sering ditemukan pada seluruh pasien (45,40%). Antihipertensi golongan angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) dan calcium channel blocker (CCB) kelas dihidropiridin mendominasi profil penggunaan obat pada penelitian ini, baik pada monoterapi maupun terapi kombinasi (≥20%). Profil antihipertensi pada pasien yang diteliti menunjukkan pola yang cenderung taat pada algoritma terapi, sehingga kesesuaian obat ini perlu dievaluasi lebih lanjut terkait hasil kontrol tekanan darah pasien pada periode pengamatan yang lebih lama.

Identifikasi Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) Vaksin COVID-19 pada Karyawan Apotekku Group Wilayah Bali Periode Februari-Maret Tahun 2023 Ratnasari, Pande Made Desy; Yuliawati, Agustina Nila; Dewi, Gusti Ayu Putu Suci Nirmala; Sapitri, Ni Kadek Dwita; Angoluan, Rona; Hardianta, I Nyoman
Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol 5, No 2 (2025): Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy Volume 5, Edisi 2, 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/genres.v5i2.26666

Hingga kini belum ditemukan obat untuk menangani penyakit Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), sehingga pemerintah melakukan upaya pencegahan dengan pemberian vaksinasi. Setelah pemberian vaksinasi, muncul beberapa Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) yang menandakan vaksin telah bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran KIPI setelah pemberian vaksin COVID-19. Rancangan penelitian adalah cross-sectional yang melibatkan 105 responden (Februari-Maret 2023) diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi (seluruh karyawan Apotekku Group Bali yang telah divaksin COVID-19 dan kriteria eksklusi (responden tidak bersedia atau menyetujui informed concent). Pengumpulan data menggunakan panduan wawancara terstruktur, lalu melihat kartu dan catatan vaksinasi responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden berjenis kelamin perempuan (72,38%), berusia 21-25 tahun (44,76%) dan berprofesi tenaga vokasi farmasi (69,52%). Seluruh responden tidak memiliki riwayat komorbid dan alergi. Jenis vaksin yang mayoritas diberikan adalah Sinovac dosis pertama (56,20%) dan kedua (55,00%), sementara Astra Zeneca dosis ketiga (44,16%) dan Moderna dosis keempat (55,56%). Gambaran KIPI yang kerap dialami (dosis 1-4) adalah nyeri area suntikan (29,62-46,55%; 34,10-54,83%; 33,33-62,50%; 57,14-60%). Waktu munculnya KIPI paling banyak 1 jam setelah vaksinasi (54,91%) dengan durasi 1 hari (55,20%) serta penanganan dengan parasetamol (69,50 %). Temuan menunjukkan mayoritas KIPI pada pemberian vaksin COVID-19 tidak menimbulkan keparahan, namun hanya memberikan rasa tidak nyaman.

Identifikasi Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) Vaksin COVID-19 pada Karyawan Apotekku Group Wilayah Bali Periode Februari-Maret Tahun 2023 Ratnasari, Pande Made Desy; Yuliawati, Agustina Nila; Dewi, Gusti Ayu Putu Suci Nirmala; Sapitri, Ni Kadek Dwita; Angoluan, Rona; Hardianta, I Nyoman
Generics: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol 5, No 2 (2025): Generics : Journal of Research in Pharmacy Volume 5, Edisi 2, 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/genres.v5i2.26666

Hingga kini belum ditemukan obat untuk menangani penyakit Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), sehingga pemerintah melakukan upaya pencegahan dengan pemberian vaksinasi. Setelah pemberian vaksinasi, muncul beberapa Kejadian Ikutan Pasca Imunisasi (KIPI) yang menandakan vaksin telah bekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran KIPI setelah pemberian vaksin COVID-19. Rancangan penelitian adalah cross-sectional yang melibatkan 105 responden (Februari-Maret 2023) diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi (seluruh karyawan Apotekku Group Bali yang telah divaksin COVID-19 dan kriteria eksklusi (responden tidak bersedia atau menyetujui informed concent). Pengumpulan data menggunakan panduan wawancara terstruktur, lalu melihat kartu dan catatan vaksinasi responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas responden berjenis kelamin perempuan (72,38%), berusia 21-25 tahun (44,76%) dan berprofesi tenaga vokasi farmasi (69,52%). Seluruh responden tidak memiliki riwayat komorbid dan alergi. Jenis vaksin yang mayoritas diberikan adalah Sinovac dosis pertama (56,20%) dan kedua (55,00%), sementara Astra Zeneca dosis ketiga (44,16%) dan Moderna dosis keempat (55,56%). Gambaran KIPI yang kerap dialami (dosis 1-4) adalah nyeri area suntikan (29,62-46,55%; 34,10-54,83%; 33,33-62,50%; 57,14-60%). Waktu munculnya KIPI paling banyak 1 jam setelah vaksinasi (54,91%) dengan durasi 1 hari (55,20%) serta penanganan dengan parasetamol (69,50 %). Temuan menunjukkan mayoritas KIPI pada pemberian vaksin COVID-19 tidak menimbulkan keparahan, namun hanya memberikan rasa tidak nyaman.

Association Analysis of Complications, Number of Drugs, and Medication Adherence in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Ratnasari, Pande Made Desy; Yuliawati, Agustina Nila; Lestari, Gusti Ayu Dewi; Andaresta, Ni Luh Putu Silvia
Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 11 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30650/jik.v11i2.3809

Hemodialysis (HD) in its implementation is reported to cause complications. Complications may cause the patients to receive >3 types of drugs and decrease their medication adherence. This study aimed to analyze the association between the number of complications and the number of drugs, and the association between the number of drugs with medication adherence in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients. This research was conducted at the private hospital Denpasar in March-May 2021 with a cross-sectional design involving 93 respondents. The purposive sampling technique was used according to inclusion criteria (ESRD patients with complications, undergoing HD at least twice a week, signing informed consent) and exclusion criteria (having poor or unstable health, unable to communicate well). The research instrument used was a questionnaire (ESRD-AQ). The Mann-Whitney test and Kendall tau-b test were used to analyze the association in this study. The results showed that the majority of patients were <65 years old (83.9%), male (66.7%), 35.5% high school education, still working (51.6%), and long of diagnosed with ESRD <5 years (77%). The average patient had ≥2 complications (81.72%) and 80.64% received 1-6 types of drugs with high levels of medication adherence (67.74%). There was an association between the number of complications and the number of drugs (p=0.026) and the association between the number of drugs and medication adherence (p=0.023) with a weak correlation (r=-0,227). This indicates that complications can affect the number of drugs consumed and indirectly also affect the medication adherence of ESRD patients.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Bungkulan Buleleng Village Communities Related to the Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination Yuliawati, Agustina Nila; Andika, Dewa Made Dwi
JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice) Vol 14, No 3
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jmpf.88296

Background: The contribution of the community through their knowledge, attitudes, and practices are essential to control COVID-19 through vaccination.Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the community related to implementing the COVID-19 vaccine.Methods: This observational study with a cross-sectional design was carried out from June to July 2023. Samples of 155 respondents were obtained through convenience sampling. Inclusion criteria include the community domiciled in Bungkulan Village, aged ≥18 years, and is willing to be involved in research, while respondents who didn’t fill in the complete questionnaire are excluded from research. Data was collected using self-developed offline questionnaire. The relationship of knowledge, attitudes, and practices was analyzed by multiple linier regression and Spearman-rho test (95% CI).Results: Findings showed that the majority of respondents were aged 25-29 years old (30.32%), male (76.13%), graduated from high school (65.16%), worked (89.68%), didn’t experience comorbidities (96.13%) and AESI (87.10%), lack of knowledge (53.29 ± 23.24) but has a good attitude (75.18 ± 11.55) and practices (84.06 ± 16.17) related to the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination. There is a significant relationship between knowledge with attitudes (r = 0.352; p = <0.001) and attitudes with practices (r = 0.257; p = <0.001), also knowledge and attitudes simultaneously influence the practice of Covid-19 vaccination (p=<0.001).Conclusion: A person's attitudes and practices in a positive direction tend to begin with good knowledge. Strong sources of public health information and communication are necessary to develop good knowledge.

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