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Journal : Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

IS SUSTAINABLE OIL PALM PRODUCTION POSSIBLE FOR SMALLHOLDERS? Suratin, Aloysius; Karuniasa, Mahawan; Utomo, Suyud Warno
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 1, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Decoupling resource use efficiency and ecological impacts are two challenges of oil palm smallholders in Indonesia. This study aims to find option for increasing productivity among smallholder and to reduce the environmental impacts of nutrient management in their plantations. We adopted UNEP’s definition of resource and impact decoupling as a tool to estimate resource decoupling rate and impact decoupling rate. The average smallholder’s resource decoupling rate from 2013 to 2017 is 0.86 kg fertilizer/kg fresh fruit bunch. This rate is 93.48% of the average of the companies (0.92 kg fertilizer/kg fresh fruit bunch) for the same period. Reducing the fertilizers dosages will reduce the resource decoupling rate and the impact decoupling rate by 58.14% (from 0.86 to 0.36 kg fertilizer/kg fresh fruit bunch) and by 67.32% (from 3.06 to 1.10 g CO2e/kg fresh fruit bunch) respectively. Reducing the fertilizer dosage is the most appropriate approach to increasing the resource and impact decoupling rates. We conclude that a smallholder is able to produce fresh fruit bunches sustainably by changing nutrient management practices and increasing access to certified planting material. Further study is required to include the influence of land use change on the impact decoupling rate as this factor was not included in our analysis.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT PRACTICES IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Romianingsih, Ni Putu Wulan; Utomo, Suyud Warno; Hamzah, Udi Syahnoedi
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 6, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Currently, there are two practices to assess the environmental and social impacts of the power development projects in Indonesia, namely Indonesia Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or Amdal and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) based on the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards. However, the ESIA practices in Indonesia, in particular, have yet to be thoroughly examined in the academic context. This research compares the procedural features and environmental and socio-economic aspect coverage of Indonesia's EIA against the IFC (IFC PS) ESIA. A document analysis was employed to systematically analyze the main divergences and similarities contrasted with applicable Indonesian regulations and IFC PS. The results show distinctive differences between Indonesia's EIA and ESIA regarding screening, public participation, scoping, the study of alternatives, impact analysis, review and decision-making, environmental management plans and follow-up, and complementary parallel studies. The research also found that EIA is lacking in covering aspects of ecosystem services, labor, groundwater, landscape and visual impacts, cultural heritage, community safety and security, and non-routine activity or unplanned events. The identified gaps could suggest improvement to ensure Indonesia's EIA and ESIA practices in Indonesia align and provide benefits for sustainable development.
COAL MINING RECLAMATION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL COUNTRIES Pambudi, Priyaji Agung; Utomo, Suyud Warno; Handoko, Roni Setyo
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 8, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study addresses the persistent environmental challenges associated with coal mining in tropical and subtropical regions, where complex microclimates and ecological variability hinder effective reclamation. Despite the increasing global coal demand, comparative cross-country insights remain limited. This research fills the gap by evaluating the best practices. This study employs a qualitative methodology with a comparative case study design, uses systematic literature review to evaluate ecology based reclamation policies and implementation practices. Data were sourced from peer-reviewed journals from Scopus and the Web of Science database and institutional reports, and analyzed using McHarg’s landscape ecology theory to evaluate reclamation policies, ecological challenges, and implementation practices. The results reveal that while all four tropical coal-producing countries possess clear regulatory frameworks for reclamation, their effectiveness varies due to ecological, climatic, and enforcement disparities. Australia demonstrates the most successful model, integrating strict policies with advanced technology and sustainable financing. Conversely, Colombia, Indonesia, and South Africa face challenges in enforcement and consistency. Thematic analysis from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), shows that research is dominated by ecological and biodiversity aspects (44 articles), followed by reclamation technologies (22), economic-social factors (8), and regulatory studies (3). Aligning with McHarg’s landscape ecology theory, the study finds that successful reclamation hinges on site-specific ecological strategies, that are responsive to microclimates and landscape typologies. Technologies such as overburden non-acid forming (OB-NAF) encapsulation and electrodialysis reflect the ecosystem-based approach. However, future research must include empirical validation and community participation to strengthen long-term reclamation success and ecological resilience.
SOFT SYSTEMS FOR COMMUNITY-BASED HCV MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIAN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS Indriyana, Neny; Utomo, Suyud Warno; Soesilo, Tri Edhi Budhi; Darmajanti, Linda
Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development Vol. 9, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Certification mandates under the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) have made measurable strides in promoting sustainability standards, yet governance challenges in High Conservation Value (HCV) 4, 5, and 6 management remain insufficiently addressed within Indonesian plantation contexts.  Drawing on adaptive governance theory and the social-ecological systems framework, this study argues that such gaps are structurally linked to the marginalisation of community agency within corporate-dominated decision-making. This study proposes and empirically evaluates an integrated governance framework that positions community engagement as a functional contributor to conservation outcomes within plantation landscapes of West Kalimantan, under conditions where corporate decision-making currently dominates. A concurrent mixed-methods design was applied across three concessions, combining spatial analysis of HCV zones, Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) assessments across 30 indicators, structured questionnaires administered to 320 community informants, and Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) synthesis into a polycentric management model. Results indicate an overall METT score of 75.8%, revealing pronounced dimensional asymmetries: Output (100%) and Planning (85%) scores substantially exceeded Context and Input dimensions (66.7% each). This reflects the prioritisation of infrastructure over participatory mechanisms with median HCV budget allocations of 2.3% and only 8% community involvement in formal monitoring. A participatory deficit characterised all management phases, as 48% of respondents reported predetermined corporate decisions lacking dialogue, while 71% contested collaborative agreement processes. Despite these limitations, community engagement quality demonstrated a statistically significant positive association with METT performance (r=0.67, p<0.05). Microenterprise activities emerged as enabling conditions for conservation participation. These findings support reorienting HCV governance frameworks to treat community welfare as a primary enabling condition rather than an ancillary co-benefit. The SSM-integrated model establishes a 75% METT threshold as a trigger for adaptive management improvements, offering actionable pathways for reconciling commercial agriculture with biodiversity conservation.