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BIOBRIQUETTE PRODUCTION FROM PALM FRONDS AND SHELLS: EFFECT OF MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND PARTICLE SIZE Okta Bani; Iriany; Taslim; Cici Novita Sari; Cindy Carnella
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Briquettes are solid fuels from organic materials with high calorific values and burn duration. The composition and particle size of the raw material may affect briquette quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of composition and particle size on calorific value and characteristics of the resulting briquettes. In this study, briquettes were made using palm oil fronds and shells at mass ratio of 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and particle size of not-dertemined, 50, 70, and 100 mesh. First, raw material was carbonized at 450°C for 30 minutes then added to 20%wt. starch glue and waste oil (1:1 ratio). Resulting briquettes were analyzed for its water content, ash content, density, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, combustion rate, calorific value, and compressive strength. Satisfying results were obtained for briquettes with a front to shell ratio of 1:8, and a particle size of 100 mesh. At this condition, the resulting briquettes have water content of 5.5%; ash content of 2.54%; density of 0.51 g/cm3; 19.58% vapor content; fixed carbon content of 72.38%; combustion rate of 0.2 g/min (3.4×10-3 g/sec); calorific value of 15.3 kcal/g; and compressive strength of 0.06 N/mm2. These results have complied with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), Japanese, American, and English standards, except for briquette compressive strength, which have not met the industrial standard.

HIDROLISIS SELULOSA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KARBON TERSULFONASI BERBASIS CANGKANG KEMIRI Dian Halimah Batubara; Taslim; Seri Maulina; Iriany
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 7 No. 2 (2018): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) contains cellulose which is convertible to glucose through hydrolysis by using inorganic liquid acid catalyst. However, the use of such catalyst leads to corrosion problem, environment pollution, and complex separation. To overcome this problem, a sulfonated carbon catalyst was proposed. This study aimed to evaluate candlenut shell as carbon source for catalyst support in sulfonated carbon catalyst, and its application in cellulose hydrolysis. Candlenut shell was carbonized at 300-550oC for 4 h. Resulting carbon was sulfonated at 120-150oC for 6 h. Sulfonated carbon was assessed for its H+ capacity/acidity. The carbon with highest acidity was applied as solid acid catalyst in cogon grass hydrolysis. Resulting glucose was analyzed by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Results suggest that sulfonated carbon from candlenut shell can be utilized as heterogeneous catalyst in cogon grass hydrolysis.

Hexagonal Rotary Dryer Untuk Peningkatan Efisiensi Pengeringan Biji Kopi Di Desa Sempajaya, Kecamatan Berastagi, Kabupaten Karo Rivaldi Sidabutar; Rondang Tambun; Iriany; Taslim; M. Thoriq Al Fath; Daniel Reymondo Manurung; Venansia Matondang; Reny Arapenta Ginting; Juan Surya Manurung; Josua Manurung
ABDI SABHA (Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat) Vol. 4 No. 3 (2023): Oktober
Publisher : CERED Indonesia Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53695/jas.v4i3.975

Penanganan pascapanen hasil tani masyarakat perlu mendapat perhatian guna meningkatkan mutu hasil panen. Pengeringan merupakan salah satu penanganan pasca panen yang perlu mendapat perhatian. Metode konvensional yang diterapkan oleh petani saat ini masih perlu perbaikan. Petani kopi perlu mendapat perhatian dalam penanganan pasca panen. Penanganan yang umum dilakukan oleh petani adalah pengeringan langsung di bawah cahaya matahari (pengeringan surya alami). Pengeringan ini tidak menjamin keseragaman mutu karena fluktuasi intensitas cahaya matahari. Selain itu kebersihan bahan yang dikeringkan juga tidak terjamin karena dibiarkan di alam terbuka. Hexagonal rotary dryer adalah suatu pengeringan yang memanfaatkan cahaya matahari. Pengeringan ini beroperasi pada pagi, sore, malam hari, atau siang yang mendung/hujan dengan melewatkan udara kering pada media pengering (selongsong). Penggunaan Hexagonal rotary dryer juga bertujuan untuk memudahkan mekanisme penjemuran terutama saat pengumpulan hasil panen saat hujan. Selain itu tujuan lain daripada program ini adalah menghasilkan suatu sistem pengeringan yang mampu menghasilkan hasil tani dengan kualitas yang lebih baik dan seragam, menghasilkan alat pengeringan baru yaitu prototip Hexagonal rotary dryer, serta mendapatkan teknik serta variable pendukung alat pengeringan tersebut.

ANTHOCYANIN EXTRACTION FROM RED SPINACH UTILIZING MICROWAVE IRRADIATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN FOOD PRODUCTS Iriany Iriany; Zuhrina Masyithah; Taslim Taslim; Calvin Calvin; Idham Sahdin Tanjung
JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES Vol 13, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/jip.v13i1.22627

In contemporary times, using food coloring agents is necessary to capture attention. The extensive use of synthetic food coloring agents has raised significant health concerns. Red spinach, a plentiful vegetable in Indonesia, contains anthocyanins that give it a reddish-purple color. The presence of anthocyanins makes red spinach a promising natural coloring agent. This research aims to identify the optimal operational conditions for extracting anthocyanins from red spinach, with the ultimate goal of applying these findings in developing innovative food products. The fixed variables included 20 grams of dried red spinach, a 10-minute extraction duration, and distilled water as the solvent. The independent variables were microwave power levels (100, 300, 500 W) and the material-to-solvent (M/S) ratio (1:10, 1:15 g/mL). The results revealed a moisture content of 7.6% in red spinach. The highest yield was achieved at 100 W with an M/S ratio of 1:15 g/mL, yielding 80%. The best anthocyanin extract was determined based on the highest anthocyanin content, which was obtained at 300 W with an M/S ratio of 1:15 g/mL, resulting in 56.93 mg/L. Anthocyanins were stable at low temperatures (4°C) but highly unstable at high temperatures. Sensory testing to determine consumer acceptability showed no significant taste difference between beverages with added anthocyanin extract and those without. The resulting taste was mild, and the extract's color was appealing. Therefore, the anthocyanin extract from red spinach can be used as a natural coloring agent, replacing hazardous synthetic food colorants.

Pengaruh Perbandingan Komposisi Ampas Tebu dan Kulit Durian Terhadap Karakteristik Bio-oil Iriany; Maulisa; Salsabila; Taslim
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v14i2.16294

The bio-oil from bagasse has poor physical characteristics, so it requires a combination with other materials, such as durian peel. This study aims to produce high-quality bio-oil from the best composition ratio of bagasse and durian peel. The study used variations of sugarcane bagasse and durian peel compositions (0:1; 1:0; 1:1; 2:1; 3:1) at a pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C for 5, 6, and 7 hours using an 83.1 L upright cylindrical reactor. The bio-oil with the best characteristics was found at a 1:1 ratio, with yields of 32.28%, 38.82%, and 40.8%, pH values of 2.7; 2.8; 2.9, and viscosities of 0.952 cSt, 0.928 cSt, and 0.908 cSt. The results show that adding durian peel improves the bio-oil characteristics.

Pengaruh Variasi Aktivator KOH dan NaCl terhadap Kapasitas Adsorpsi Biji Kapuk (Ceiba pentandra) dalam Penjerapan Ion Fe(II) Kelvin Hadinatan; Iriany; Taslim; Okta Bani; Yesi Artanti; Nafis Ijlal Syach
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i1.23194

Heavy metal contamination such as iron (Fe) in wastewater is a significant environmental issue due to its negative impact on ecosystems and human health. This study aims to synthesize adsorbents from kapok seeds (Ceiba pentandra) by examining the effect of activator type (KOH and NaCl) and particle size (100 and 120 mesh) on the adsorption capacity of Fe(II) ions. The research methodology includes carbonation and chemical activation processes, followed by adsorption kinetics testing. The results showed that the use of NaCl activator with a particle size of 120 mesh provided the best performance with an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 89.75% and an iodine number of 127 mg/g. Kinetic analysis showed that the Fe(II) ion adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with an R2 value of 0.999, indicating that the main adsorption mechanism was chemisorption through a two-step interaction involving diffusion and intermolecular interactions in the adsorbent area.

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Komposit Kitosan–Silika melalui Metode Sol–Gel dari Ampas Tebu untuk Adsorpsi Ion Fe(III) Iriany; Putri Sinta; Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.22422

Sugarcane bagasse is a waste material produced by sugar mills that can be utilized as an adsorbent due to its silica content. This study analyzes the characteristics of silica derived from sugarcane bagasse combined with chitosan through the sol–gel process and evaluates its application in the adsorption of Fe(III) heavy metal ions. The independent variable examined was the pH of the Fe(III) ion solution (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), while the particle sizes of chitosan and silica were kept constant with a weight ratio of 1:10. Characterization analyses included FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRF, and AAS. XRF analysis of the silica extracted from sugarcane bagasse showed SiO₂ as the major component, accounting for 56.7%. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of siloxane (Si–O–Si) and silanol (Si–OH) functional groups. SEM-EDX characterization confirmed that the chitosan–silica composite exhibited an uneven morphology, with silica particles distributed irregularly across the chitosan surface and containing 44.59% Si. The synthesized silica–chitosan composite demonstrates potential applicability as an adsorbent for Fe(III) heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 63.97% at pH 5.

Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Komposit Kitosan–Silika melalui Metode Sol–Gel dari Ampas Tebu untuk Adsorpsi Ion Fe(III) Iriany; Putri Sinta; Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 15 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v15i2.22422

Sugarcane bagasse is a waste material produced by sugar mills that can be utilized as an adsorbent due to its silica content. This study analyzes the characteristics of silica derived from sugarcane bagasse combined with chitosan through the sol–gel process and evaluates its application in the adsorption of Fe(III) heavy metal ions. The independent variable examined was the pH of the Fe(III) ion solution (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), while the particle sizes of chitosan and silica were kept constant with a weight ratio of 1:10. Characterization analyses included FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRF, and AAS. XRF analysis of the silica extracted from sugarcane bagasse showed SiO₂ as the major component, accounting for 56.7%. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of siloxane (Si–O–Si) and silanol (Si–OH) functional groups. SEM-EDX characterization confirmed that the chitosan–silica composite exhibited an uneven morphology, with silica particles distributed irregularly across the chitosan surface and containing 44.59% Si. The synthesized silica–chitosan composite demonstrates potential applicability as an adsorbent for Fe(III) heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions, achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 63.97% at pH 5.

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