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All Journal Alchemy : Journal of Chemistry IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) al Kimiya : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Deva Krisna Kadarani
UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Optimization Chicken Bones Gelatin Extraction Using Hydrochloric Acid Immersion and Multi-Stage Thermal Treatment Deva Krisna Kadarani; Akyunul Jannah
ALCHEMY:Journal of Chemistry Vol 10, No 1 (2022): ALCHEMY: Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/al.v10i1.13372

Abstract

The growing poultry consumption rate yearly includes chicken with significantly increased amounts of by-products like skin and bones. Chicken bones are unused properly even if the bone is rich in collagen which is the primary material to produce gelatin. Gelatin usually is generated by bovine and porcine, but some health and religious issues have successfully forbid using both resources. Chicken bones could be an alternative material for gelatin production. This research aimed to investigate chicken bones as a substitute resource for gelatin manufacturing using hydrochloric acid submersion in collaboration with multi-stage thermal treatment. Chicken bones were proceeded in several steps such as degreasing, decontamination, resizing, demineralization using a hydrochloric acid immersion (1.50, 3.00, 4.50, and 6.00% v/v) for 24 and 48 hours, addition gelatin extraction using multi-stages thermal process (55, 65, and 75°C) for 4 hours each temperature subsequentially, evaporating, drying, and shaping a gelatin powder. This study produced type A gelatin which investigated yield number, moisture and ash content, gel strength, acidity level, and functional group using Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The sample gelatin has obtained at least 2% up to 8% yields. The moisture and ash contents were suitable to the commercial specification range, 4-12%, and 0.1-0.4%, respectively. The acid conditioning process has an impact on acidity with pH levels 4.40-5.44. Based on gelatin standards, this study declared that processing chicken bones using 6.00% hydrochloric acid submersion for 24 hours was optimal for gelatin extraction. Those optimal condition has formed gelatin with more than 8% yields. It was considered great gelatin with 260.57 g Bloom of gel strength and 90.18% of emulsion stability. Sample gelatin has a quite reasonable acidity level at 4.5. Protein structures confirmation using the vibration of the best gelatin sample has also shown essential components such as O-H, N-H, and C=O on the FTIR spectrum.Keywords: chicken bones (Gallus domesticus), hydrochloric acid immersion, gel strength, emulsion stability, FTIR spectroscopy
Sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) rhizomes chromatography column isolates potential as rich antioxidant compounds Amalia, Suci; Hasibuan, Lili Sunarti; Arianti, Ninit Arinda; Fasya, A Ghanaim; Dewi, Diana Chandra; Kadarani, Deva Krisna
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 9, No 2 (2024): June 2024
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v9.i2.66

Abstract

the unavailability of local materials in purposing of independently manufacturing pharmaceutical products. One of plants which can be used for raw materials in the biopharmaceuticals, sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) that is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, saponins, glycosides and terpenoids. Flavonoids are the majority bioactive compounds in sweet flag rhizomes, which leads this study to isolate the flavonoids to identify as antioxidant agent for biopharmaceutical products development later. This study determined the antioxidant activity of sweet flag rhizomes as its crude extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and column isolate. Decreasing range of phytochemical compounds was remained only flavonoid that was in the column isolate.  Liquid chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) in column isolates was identified isorhamnetin, quercetin, kaempferol, genistein, and glycitein. Additionally, this study aims the data that column isolate has the highest purity level with the least inhibitory concentration 50%  (IC50) and the strongest antioxidant activity.Keywords: Jeringau Rhizome, Acorus calamus, Column Isolate, Flavonoids, Antioxidants 
CYTOTOXIC ANALYSIS OF CAPSAICINOID COMPOUND FROM ROTTEN AND FRESH Capsicum frutescens L. ON T47D CELLS Abrilia, Putri Riza; Hayati, Elok Kamilah; Kadarani, Deva Krisna
al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Vol 11, No 2 (2024): al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ak.v11i2.40821

Abstract

Cayenne pepper has a distinctive spicy and hot taste that indicates the presence of capsaicinoid compounds. The content of capsaicinoid compounds is thought to increase along with the level of maturity. This study aims to distinguish between the capsaicinoid content in Rotten Capsicum Frutescens (RCF) and fresh Capsicum Frutescens (FCF) samples and their use as anticancer agents. Capsaicinoid extraction was performed by using reflux extraction and the identification processes using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with a chloroform:methanol eluent. Identification was conducted by using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) while a cytotoxicity test on T47D breast cancer cells was conducted using the Methylthiazol Tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The results showed the presence of a capsaicinoid compound group, with Retardation Factor (Rf) values of 0.76 in RCF and 0.72 in FCF, as well as orange spots due to its reaction to Dragendorff's reagent. ATR-FTIR analysis was able to identify some of typical functional groups typical of capsaicinoid, including -OH, CH3, CH2 (stretching), C=O, C=C, -CH2- (bending), C-N, C-O, O-CH3, and -NH with the intensity value of RCF greater than FCF. The cytotoxicity test results showed that the Inhibition Concentration (IC50) value for RCF isolates was 512.37 µg/mL, while for FCF isolates was1386.82 µg/mL. These results indicate that capsaicinoid isolates from RCF have a higher cytotoxicity compared to isolates from FCF. A higher IC50 value corresponds to lower cytotoxic activity.
CYTOTOXIC ANALYSIS OF CAPSAICINOID COMPOUND FROM ROTTEN AND FRESH Capsicum frutescens L. ON T47D CELLS Abrilia, Putri Riza; Hayati, Elok Kamilah; Kadarani, Deva Krisna
al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024): al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ak.v11i2.40821

Abstract

Cayenne pepper has a distinctive spicy and hot taste that indicates the presence of capsaicinoid compounds. The content of capsaicinoid compounds is thought to increase along with the level of maturity. This study aims to distinguish between the capsaicinoid content in Rotten Capsicum Frutescens (RCF) and fresh Capsicum Frutescens (FCF) samples and their use as anticancer agents. Capsaicinoid extraction was performed by using reflux extraction and the identification processes using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with a chloroform:methanol eluent. Identification was conducted by using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) while a cytotoxicity test on T47D breast cancer cells was conducted using the Methylthiazol Tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The results showed the presence of a capsaicinoid compound group, with Retardation Factor (Rf) values of 0.76 in RCF and 0.72 in FCF, as well as orange spots due to its reaction to Dragendorff's reagent. ATR-FTIR analysis was able to identify some of typical functional groups typical of capsaicinoid, including -OH, CH3, CH2 (stretching), C=O, C=C, -CH2- (bending), C-N, C-O, O-CH3, and -NH with the intensity value of RCF greater than FCF. The cytotoxicity test results showed that the Inhibition Concentration (IC50) value for RCF isolates was 512.37 µg/mL, while for FCF isolates was1386.82 µg/mL. These results indicate that capsaicinoid isolates from RCF have a higher cytotoxicity compared to isolates from FCF. A higher IC50 value corresponds to lower cytotoxic activity.
Evaluation of Chitosan as a Natural Disintegrant in the Formulation of Aspirin Orally Disintegrating Tablets nawangsari, Desy; Alfianto, Hazim Fikri; Pujianti, Ayu; Rahmawati, Nur; Kadarani, Deva Krisna
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 12 No 2 (2025): J Sains Farm Klin 12(2), August 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.12.2.128-137.2025

Abstract

Aspirin is an antiplatelet that is used for the therapy and prevention of stroke, many strokes occur in elderly people. Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT) can be dissolved quickly making it easier for geriatric patients to swallow. This study aims to determine the effect of variation in the concentration of chitosan as a disintegrating agent on the physical properties of ODT aspirin. Aspirin ODT tablets were produced by direct compression in 3 formulas with variations of chitosan of 3.5%, 7% and 14%. The results showed that a chitosan concentration of 3.5% yielded optimal tablet properties: disintegration time of 23.66 seconds, friability of 0.41%, and dissolution of 96.81%. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the formulations in terms of in hardness (p = 0.027), friability (p = 0.010) and disintegration time (p = 0.000). The disintegration mechanism of chitosan involves swelling, wicking, and strain recovery. At lower concentrations, chitosan promotes rapid water uptake and particle expansion, facilitating fast breakdown of the tablet matrix. In contrast, higher chitosan levels may induce gel formation that hinders water penetration, thus delaying disintegration. In conclusion, chitosan at a concentration of 3.5% effectively functions as a natural disintegrant in aspirin ODTs, offering rapid disintegration and high dissolution, which is suitable for geriatric patients with swallowing difficulties.
Co-Authors A. Ghanaim Fasya Abrilia, Putri Riza Akyunul Jannah Alfianto, Hazim Fikri Arianti, Ninit Arinda Elok Kamilah Hayati Hasibuan, Lili Sunarti Nawangsari, Desy Nur Rahmawati Pujianti, Ayu Suci Amalia Veithzal Rivai Zainal