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Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, UGM Yogyakarta 55284.
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Letters of Indemnity Without Bills of Lading as an Instrument for Carrier Liability Release in Maritime Transportation Jubaidi, Didi; Wagiman
Ilomata International Journal of Social Science Vol. 5 No. 3 (2024): July 2024
Publisher : Yayasan Ilomata

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61194/ijss.v5i3.1270

Abstract

Sea transportation documents, especially bills of lading, play an important role in regulating the rights and oblig ations of the parties involved. A bill of lading is not only a proof of delivery, but also serves as a contractual instrument, proof of ownership, and a basis for dispute resolution. In addition to bills of lading, there is also a letter of indemnity document which has become a growing issue in the world of sea transportation. This document is used as a guarantee by the shipper to the carrier to replace the bill of lading in certain situations, such as speeding up the delivery of goods or resolving administrative issues more efficiently. However, the use of letters of indemnity also poses various legal challenges and risks that need to be considered by all parties involved. This research aims to analyze the position of the issuance of a letter of indemnity without the submission of a bill of lading and evaluate the Indonesian legal perspective on the practice in sea transportation. The research method used is normative juridical, with reference to legal literature and related legal documents. The results show that the issuance of a letter of indemnity without the submission of a bill of lading can lead to various significant problems, especially related to legal uncertainty. This uncertainty includes aspects of the ownership rights of the goods, the responsibility of the carrier, and the potential for misuse of documents that can harm all parties involved.
THE DOCTRINE OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY ON WARSHIP WRECKS IN INDONESIAN WATERS ACCORDING TO UNCLOS 1982 Fatchurrohman; Wagiman
JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES Vol. 2 No. 03 (2024): AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Media Inovasi Pendidikan dan Publikasi

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Abstract

Warship wrecks in Indonesia are twofold: those owned by foreign governments, and those owned by the Government of Indonesia, considered hero's graves in the middle of the sea. Sovereign immunity under the 1982 UNCLOS Convention is not explicit for active warships or their wrecks. (1) How does Indonesia provide sovereign immunity to warships?; (2) What about the question of foreign countries about their warship wrecks in Indonesian waters? The use of normative juridical legal research methods, with primary legal materials: 1982 UNCLOS Convention, secondary: legal doctrine on the status of warship wrecks, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study explain (1) Indonesia only recognizes the sovereign immunity of warships on duty. (2) Indonesia does not grant the wishes of foreign countries over its war wrecks, for the main reason of national interest in the form of shipping safety. The latest regulation on the management of sunken ship cargo objects was issued because the old regulation was not in accordance with legal developments and needs. Researcher's suggestions: (1) Indonesia must regulate which warship wrecks can be explored and which cannot. (2) Indonesia must more strictly supervise the exploration of sunken ship cargo objects.
MEMAHAMI & MEMAKNAI KONSEP-KONSEP LEX AETERNA SEBAGAI TEOLOGI HUKUM MENURUT AGUSTINUS, ALBERTUS MAGNUS, & THOMAS AQUINAS Siti Nur Azizah; Wagiman; Adrian Bima Putra; Brian Matthew
Ekasakti Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Ekasakti Jurnal Penelitian & Pegabdian (Mei 2024 - Oktober 2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Ekasakti

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Abstract

The article will explore the concept of ‘Lex Aeterna’ from Augustine, Albertus Magnus, to Thomas Aquinas. Lex Aeterna scholars can refer to Aquinas through the Summa Theologica which is essentially an idea of ??an absolute, eternal, and wise order in the Universe created and established by God Himself. Everything that exists and moves directs everything to its proper purpose in God and through Divine reason has the nature of law. Although Divine reason is not subject to time, but is eternal. The law by which God governs the Universe must also be eternal. Therefore, every Divine concept is true because of its own reason. This law is the final authority that humans must turn to so that they can know without a doubt what they should do and what they should avoid. Some people know about lex aeterna because God has implanted in the human soul the principles of proper action. This is human participation in lex aeterna, a participation called natural law. Based on this, humans have knowledge of general principles and certain teachings about rights and justice. No one can know the lex aeterna as it is and in its entirety. Every rational being knows it in its reflection or effect. All law, partaking of reason, originates or originates from the eternal law. For nothing is just and legitimate except that which has been derived from the lex aeterna. Lex Aeterna itself is ultimately understood as the theology of law, namely the universe itself, namely reality which is composed and regulated by a natural order or cosmic law.
IMPLEMENTATION OF MINISTER OF TRADE REGULATION NUMBER 8 OF 2024 CONCERNING IMPORT PROHIBITIONS AND RESTRICTIONS AS ONE OF THE FACTORS IN THE IMPOSITION OF HIGH RECIPROCAL TARIFFS BY THE UNITED STATES Gunawan Widjaja; Enna Budiman; Wagiman
JILPR Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR), October 2025
Publisher : International Peneliti Ekonomi, Sosial dan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/jirpl.v7i1.468

Abstract

Regulation of the Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 of 2024 (Permendag 8/2024) is a significant change in import policy, including certain import prohibitions and restrictions. The implementation of this regulation has an impact on increasing the flow of imported goods to Indonesia, but has also drawn attention from the United States. The US government responded to this policy by implementing high reciprocal import tariffs on Indonesian products as a retaliatory measure. This study examines the normative-juridical content of Permendag 8/2024 along with its impact on international trade, as well as the United States' legal response through reciprocal tariffs. The analysis focuses on the conformity of the policies of the two countries with the legal provisions of the World Trade Organization (WTO), especially the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994) and the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU). Through the normative-juridical research method, this paper finds indications of violations of WTO principles in Indonesian policies as well as unilateral US retaliatory actions. Trade dispute simulations indicate that settlement options may be pursued through diplomacy and WTO dispute resolution mechanisms rather than unilateral retaliatory actions that violate the DSU. This in-depth study is expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal implications of Indonesia's trade policy and the United States' reciprocal response within the framework of international trade law.
THE ROLE OF LPSK TOWARDS THE DISTRIBUTION OF LOSSES AND DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE TO VICTIMS Widjaja, Gunawan; Wagiman; Widjaja, Liza
JILPR Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR), October 2025
Publisher : International Peneliti Ekonomi, Sosial dan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/jirpl.v7i1.469

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the role of the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) in the distribution of losses experienced by victims and its contribution to realizing distributive justice. The problem formulations proposed in this research are: (1) What is the form of loss distribution provided by LPSK to victims of crime? and (2) What are the challenges faced by LPSK in implementing loss distribution and realizing distributive justice for victims? This research uses a normative juridical approach by analyzing the applicable laws and regulations as well as the LPSK annual report as research material.
Lex Injusta Non-Est Lex: Article 74 Trademark Law versus Constitutional Economic Democracy in Indonesia’s SME Protection Thio, Ricky; Azizah, Siti Nur; Wagiman; Yustanti, Dyah Ersita
Research Horizon Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025): Research Horizon - October 2025
Publisher : LifeSciFi

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Abstract

This research examines the structural contradiction between Article 74’s three-year trademark non-use cancellation provision in Law Number 20/2016 and the People-Based Economy principle of Article 33, 1945 Constitution. This capitalistic norm facilitated predatory litigation against vulnerable MSMEs, constituting philosophical lex injusta. Using normative juridical methodology with case and comparative law approaches, this study justifies arguments from the successful Constitutional Court petition. Constitutional Court Decision Number 144/PUU-XXI/2023 provides the judicial solution by extending non-use period to five years, resolving unconstitutionality. The study distinguishes Article 74’s objective non-use standard from Article 76’s subjective bad-faith element, establishing the former now prescribes constitutionally equitable timeframe. The five-year period aligns with SME business cycles for research, development, and market penetration, providing protection from premature cancellation threats. This judicial reform represents substantive constitutional justice, granting MSMEs legal certainty for intellectual asset development. The victory harmonizes Indonesia’s trademark law with People-Based Economy commitments. Primary recommendations include developing accessible evidentiary guidelines for trademark use documentation, particularly digital-based systems, and creating affordable platforms for SMEs to systematically document commercial activities, ensuring effective intellectual property defense within this equitable legal landscape.
PENYELESAIAN PERSELISIHAN TANAH MELALUI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA: KHUSUS MEDIASI & ARBITRASE Wagiman; Brian Matheuw; Adrian Bima Putra
BESIRU : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 1 No. 9 (2024): BESIRU : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, September 2024
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan dan Penelitian Manggala Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62335/5dy2xa25

Abstract

Pelaksanaan penyelesaian sengketa tanah secara mediasi relatif sudah berjalan melalui Mediasi. Namun untuk forum arbitrase, sampai saat ini masih sebatas wacana dan konsep yang masih memerlukan penelitian terhadap kaidah hukum dan norma-norma yang mengatur terhadap penyelenggaraannya, sehingga apa yang disampaiakan hanya sebatas kajian normatif semata. Secara teori arbitrase, sepanjang materi sengketa itu dikuasai sepenuhnya dan terbuka kesempatan untuk melakukan perdamaian maka hal itu dapat menjadi obyek penyelesaian secara arbitrase tanpa harus membeda-bedakan substansi sengketanya sepanjang masih dalam substansi perjanjian yang mengikat para pihak. Penerapkan Arbitrase dalam sengketa perdata pertanahan akan menghadapi beberapa kendala baik kendala teknis, administrasi, dan yuridis. Untuk Mediasi masih menjadi pilihan hingga saat ini.
MENGENAL MEDIASI SEBAGAI SALAH SATU CARA PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA Siti Nur Azizah; Wagiman; Adrian Bima Putra
Ekasakti Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Ekasakti Jurnal Penelitian & Pegabdian (Mei 2024 - Oktober 2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Ekasakti

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Abstract

Mediation is increasingly popular. As a result, slowly but surely, people are starting to look at Alternative Dispute Resolution, which basically allows the parties to choose the forums they agree on. The phenomenon of using Alternative mechanisms is strengthening. Alternative Dispute Resolution (APS) is seen as an integral part of the business itself and is considered suitable for the business world because the resolution is fast and cheap. Dispute resolution as mediation has been known since the beginning in Indonesia because the customary system in resolving cases always upholds deliberation and consensus through traditional forums in each region in Indonesia. As time goes by, this is enforced in court (Mediation-Linked Court) as a form of legal justice. However, the mediation process in court must be enforced through the settlement of civil settlements. If mediation as regulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016, if mediation is not carried out, the judgment will be abolished for legal purposes.
HAKIM PERDAMAIAN YANG DIPERANKAN KEPALA DESA DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TANAH DI INDONESIA Marwan Suliandi; Wagiman; Adrian Bima Putra
Ekasakti Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Ekasakti Jurnal Penelitian & Pegabdian (Mei 2024 - Oktober 2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Ekasakti

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Abstract

Undang-Undang Nomor 6 tahun 2016 tentang Desa telah memfungsikan Kepala Desa (Kades) sebagai Hakim Perdamaian Desa. Ini penting guna menciptakan masyarakat yang aman dan tentram diantara warga desa sesuai dengan apa yang dikehendaki oleh Pemerintah. Sehingga tidak setiap perselisihan yang terjadi diantara warga desa selalu ada dilimpahkan ke Pengadilan, oleh karena perkara atau persengketaan cukup diselesaikan oleh Hakim Perdamaian Desa, terutama terhadap perkara-perkara yang sederhana yang terjadi di masyarakat. Pertanyaan penelitian: (1) Bagaimana tugas, kewenangan, serta hak dan kewajiban Kades sebagai Hakim perdamaian?; (2) Bagaimana jika para pihak yang berselisih tidak menjalankan apa yang telah disepakati atau diputus oleh Kades dalam kapasitas sebagai Hakim perdamaian? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. Bahan hukum yang digunakan mengacu pada bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Guna memperkuat digunakan bahan hukum tersier. Hasil penelitian menujukkan: (a) Salah satu tugas Kades yaitu melakukan pembinaan kemasyarakatan. Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya Kades berwenang untuk membina ketenteraman dan ketertiban masyarakat. Kades berhak mendapatkan pelindungan hukum atas kebijakan yang dilaksanakan. Kades berkewajiban memelihara ketenteraman dan ketertiban masyarakat; dan menyelesaikan perselisihan masyarakat di Desanya; (b) Kades berkewajiban menyelesaikan semua hambatan di Desa. Tidak dilaksanakannya hasil kesepakatn penyelesaian oleh para pihak, konsekuensinya adalah eksekusi oleh pengadilan (perdata) atau penyelesaian kasus di pengadilan formal (pidana). Atas tindakan dan putusannya sebagai Hakim perdamaian, Kades berhak mendapatkan pelindungan hukum. Saran penelitian ini, guna menjamin difungsikannya Hakim Perdamaian Desa dalam sistem Peradilan Desa, dan berjalan sesuai dengan fungsinya, maka eksistensi Peradilan Desa dalam praktek agar tidak sering berbenturan dengan sistem peradilan formal negara, maka harus dilakukan pembenahan hukum nasional secara menyeluruh, termasuk peraturan teknis yang menjadi acuan pelaksanaannya.
Co-Authors Adrian Bima Putra Brian Matheuw Brian Matthew Didi Jubaidi Dyah Ersita Yustanti Enna Budiman Fatchurrohman Gunawan Widjaja Marwan Suliandi Siti Nur Azizah Siti Nur Azizah, Siti Nur Thio, Ricky Widjaja, Liza