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Synthesis, Characterization, and Micellar Behavior of Amphiphilic Chitosan Bearing Sulfate and Anisaldehyde Imine Groups Herayati Herayati; Deana Wahyuningrum; Damar Nurwahyu Bima; Indah Puspita Sari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.905-909

Abstract

Amphiphilic chitosan derivatives bearing sulfate and anisaldehyde imine (anisimine) groups were successfully synthesized and characterized for potential applications as functional biomaterials. The synthesis involved two key steps: (1) sulfation of chitosan using chlorosulfonic acid to introduce O-sulfate groups, and (2) Schiff base formation via reaction with p-anisaldehyde to generate N-anisimine functionalities. Structural modifications were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which showed characteristic absorption bands at ~1250 cm-¹ and ~820 cm-¹ corresponding to O=S=O stretching of sulfate, and a C=N stretch at ~1640 cm-¹ indicating imine formation. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra further verified the successful attachment of aromatic protons from p-anisaldehyde and the disappearance of primary amine peaks, confirming imination. The amphiphilic behavior and micelle-forming ability of the N-anisimine-O-sulfated (NAOS) chitosan were evaluated using pyrene as a hydrophobic fluorescent probe for determining the critical micelle concentration (CMC), which was found to be 0.012 mg/mL. The observed low CMC value indicates strong self-assembly capability in aqueous media. These results suggest that NAOS chitosan possesses promising structural and surface-active properties suitable for advanced applications in drug delivery and cosmetic formulations.
Potential Use of Kepok Banana Peel Waste as Raw Material for Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Oil and Gas Drilling Fluid Applications Wastu, Apriandi Rizkina Rangga; Permadi , Asep Kurnia; Wahyuningrum, Deana; Nugrahanti, Asri
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 49 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v49i2.2070

Abstract

This research aims to evaluate the potential of kepok banana peel as a raw material for carboxymethyl cellulose synthesis and to assess its effects on the rheological properties and filtration of bentonite-based drilling mud. CMC is synthesized through a process of delignification, bleaching, alkalization, and carboxymethylation. CMC characterization includes alpha cellulose content, degree of substitution, purity, pH, FTIR, SEM, and EDS. The obtained CMC was added in drilling mud at concentrations of 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g, and the resulting mud was tested for mud rheology and filtrate volume. The results showed that the alpha-cellulose content was 91.60%, the degree of substitution was 1.0, and the purity was 88.17%, meeting the SNI CMC grade II standard. The application of CMC increased plastic viscosity (12–14 cP), yield point (19–21 lb/100 ft²), and gel strength (8–13 lb/100 ft² for 10 seconds; 12–17 lb/100 ft² for 10 minutes) as the concentration increased. The filtrate volume decreased from 15 ml to 13 ml/30 minutes, and the mud cake thickness decreased from 0.5 mm to 0.3 mm. The pH value was stable in the range of 9. It was concluded that CMC derived from kepok banana peel has the potential to serve as an environmentally friendly drilling mud additive.