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Desi Indria Rini
Universitas Nusa Cendana
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Antibacterial Activity Test of Star Fruit Leaf Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) Against Staphylococcus epidermidis Michellin Elsen; Desi Indria Rini; Magdarita Riwu; Carolin Wijaya
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11238

Abstract

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a normal flora bacteria on the skin that can cause opportunistic infections. Generally, this infection is treated using antibiotics, but improper use of antibiotics can cause the onset of antibiotic resistance, so the development of natural antibacterial research with plant materials is one of the alternatives to reduce the incidence of resistance. A traditional medicinal plant is the leaves of star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). This research aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of the extract from star fruit leaves on Staphylococcus epidermidis. The type of research used is a true experimental design with a post-test only control group design. The treatment group in this study consisted of concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, with a positive control of clindamycin at a dose of 2 μg and a negative control of sterile aquadest which was carried out 3 times for each test group. The antibacterial test method is carried out by the disc diffusion method. The data analysis used is the One Way Anova statistical test. Star fruit leaf extract contains alkaloid compounds, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and steroids. There is antibacterial activity of star fruit leaf extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The inhibition zone was produced at various concentrations of 100% (⌀ 15.14 mm), 50% (⌀ 14.06 mm), 25% (⌀ 13.75 mm), 12.5% (⌀ 12.01 mm), 6.25% (⌀ 10.55 mm), and 3.12% (⌀ 9.03 mm). Starfruit leaf extract has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Testing The Laxative Activity of Utasupe Leaf Juice from The Ende Region on White Rats (Rattus novergicus) Loperamid Induced Constipation Model Einstein Daud Victor Hendrik; Rr. Listyawati Nurina; Derri Tallo Manafe; Desi Indria Rini; Muhajirin Dean
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11608

Abstract

Constipation is a problem in the pattern of elimination due to the presence of dry or hard feces passing through the large intestine, while a laxative is a substance that can provide stimulation of intestinal peristalsis as a reflex of direct stimulation of the intestinal wall that can facilitate defecation. Many medicinal plants can treat constipation, one of which is Utasupe. Utasupe is a vegetable plant originating from the Ende region. In Ende, Utasupe is believed to facilitate bowel movements, so people often consume Utasupe. This study aims to determine the laxative effect of Utasupe leaf juice from Ende region on loperamide-induced male white rats (Rattus novergicus). The study was conducted experimentally on 30 Sprague daley strain white rats aged 8-12 weeks. The parameter for testing the laxative effect was the defecation pattern, while the observed parameter was the frequency of defecation every hour for 8 hours. Utasupe leaf juice was administered orally at a dose of 125 mg/mL, 250 mg/mL and 500 mg/mL, as a comparison negative control (Na-CMC) and positive control (Bisacodyl) were used. The results showed that the administration of Utasupe leaf juice at a dose of 250 mg/mL had a laxative effect on male white rats. Utasupe leaf juice has laxative activity in white rats (Rattus novergicus). The time required for defecation to occur after being given Utasupe leaf juice from the Ende area in white rats (Rattus novergicus) is one hour with the most effective dose is 250 mg/mL.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Red Betel Leaves (Piper crocatum) Against Propionibacterium acnes Angelina Victoria Sihombing; Desi Indria Rini; Rahel Rara Woda; Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): Januari-Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i1.11714

Abstract

Propionibacterium acnes is a type of bacteria that typically exists on skin areas with many sebaceous glands, like the scalp and face. The exploration of natural antibacterial agents made from herbal plants is one approach to decrease resistance issues. One such plant utilized is red betel, scientifically known as Piper crocatum. The objective of this study is to assess the antibacterial properties of the ethanol extract from red betel leaves against Propionibacterium acnes. This study adopted a true experimental framework with a post-test only control group model. The red betel leaf extract was produced through maceration using a 70% ethanol solution, followed by evaporation until a concentrated extract was achieved. In this study, the treated groups included various concentrations: 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, and 1.56%, alongside a positive control using clindamycin and a negative control using sterile aquades. The antibacterial testing was performed using the disc diffusion method, referred to as the Kirby-Bauer technique against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The analysis conducted was the One Way Anova statistical test. Findings from this study reveal that the extract of red betel leaves contains alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The testing outcomes indicate that the average diameter of the inhibition zone resultant from each sample is 11.16 mm for the 100% concentration, 9.63 mm for the 50% concentration, 8.85 mm for the 25% concentration, 8.21 mm for the 12.5% concentration, 7.78 mm for the 6.25% concentration, 6.93 mm for the 3.125% concentration, and 0 mm for the 1.56% concentration. From the results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract from red betel leaves exhibits antibacterial activity against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes.
Co-Authors Agustin M. Vianelde L. Kabosu Angelina Victoria Sihombing Anita Lidesna Shinta Amat Carolin Wijaya Deri Riskiyanti Tallo Manafe Einstein Daud Victor Hendrik Folamauk, Conrad Liab Hendricson Magdarita Riwu Michellin Elsen Nurina, Rr. Listyawati Rahel Rara Woda