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Legal and Institutional Aspects of the Financial Sector in Handling the COVID-19 Pandemic Yunus Husein; Ichsan Zikry
Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Bank Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21098/jcli.v1i2.15

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has negatively impacted economic conditions, health, and social activities of the community. This study elaborated on two things. First, the legal aspects of handling the Covid-19 Pandemic. Second, it outlines the aspects of institutions involved in handling the Covid-19 Pandemic. The results of this study show that the legal aspects of the Government in dealing with the Covid-19 Pandemic are through Law No. 2 of 2020. In this regulation, at least two main things are regulated, namely the legal protection of members of the Financial System Stability Committee (KSSK) from lawsuits in exercising their authority and exceeding the deficit limit of 3 percent of GDP, furthermore, regarding institutions involved in handling the Covid-19 Pandemic, it is necessary to strengthen institutions. In this case, the institution in question is included in the KSSK members, because of its large authority in handling the Pandemic, especially for national economic recovery, as well as large state budget allocations.  The strengthening efforts that can be done are First, amendments to Law No. 2 of 2020, especially regarding the protection of the KSSK against claims and exemptions from state financial losses.  Second, the issuance of a PERPPU on supervision and reporting of financial responsibility for handling the Covid-19 Pandemic. Through these institutional strengthening efforts, it is hoped that the handling of the Pandemic, especially in the context of national economic recovery, can run optimally.
Gold Trade-Based Money Laundering and Central Banking Governance in Indonesia: Implications for Reserve Integrity, Payment Systems, and Financial System Stability Edy Suprapto; Pujiyono Pujiyono; Yunus Husein; Agung Andiojaya; Edy Suprapto; Pujiyono Pujiyono; Yunus Husein; Agung Andiojaya
Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Bank Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21098/jcli.v5i2.506

Abstract

Trade-based money laundering (TBML) has increasingly exploited commodities markets, including gold trading, to disguise illicit cross-border financial flows. In Indonesia, the growing integration of gold markets with the financial system has created vulnerabilities that threaten the financial system’s integrity, endangering its stability and effective central bank governance. This paper examines how TBML using gold affects key domains of central bank oversight in Indonesia, particularly reserve integrity, payment system monitoring, and financial system stability. The study employs a legal-institutional analytical approach, combining regulatory analysis with an institutional examination of central banking mandates and anti-money-laundering governance frameworks. The findings indicate that using gold to facilitate TBML can obscure the traceability of cross-border financial transactions, complicate monitoring of payment systems, and potentially weaken safeguards related to reserve management and financial system oversight. These vulnerabilities create governance challenges for financial authorities responsible for maintaining financial system integrity. From a normative legal perspective, the study highlights the need for strengthened regulatory coordination, improved oversight of gold-related financial transactions, and enhanced integration between supervision of Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) measures and central bank regulatory design. Such measures are essential for safeguarding the integrity of the reserves and supporting the stability of the financial system.