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All Journal LAW REFORM Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Al-Manahij : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies)
Zinatul Ashiqin Zainol
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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MELINDUNGI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DALAM KERANGKA PROTOKOL NAGOYA Mrs. Yulia; Zinatul Ashiqin Zainol
Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada Vol 25, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (406.413 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/jmh.16084

Abstract

The Nagoya Protocol is instrumental in the implementation of access and benefit sharing (ABS) in countries with biodiversity. There are however, weaknesses in the implementation of ABS, this includes the wide geographical spread of biodiversity and the difficulty in determining the benefitting owner of a certain area. Indonesia as a country blessed with biodiversity, has ratified the Nagoya Protocol through Act No. 11 of 2013, prepared amendment draft for the Patent Act and has further  prepared Draft Act on Genetic Resources. In the implementation of the Nagoya Protocal and ABS, Indonesia could refer to India’s experience in applying ABS and adapt such to accord itself with the Indonesian people’s background. Protokol Nagoya menjadi sarana dalam pelaksanaan access and benefit sharing (ABS) bagi negara-negara penyedia keanekaragaman hayati. Di dalam penerapan ABS terdapat kelemahan-kelemahan seperti tersebarnya keanekaragaman hayati dalam geografis yang luas dan sukarnya menentukan pemilik sebagai penerima keuntungan. Indonesia sebagai negara mega keanekaragaman hayati, telahmeratifikasi Protokol Nagoya melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2013, menyiapkan drafamandemen Undang-Undang Paten dan menyiapkan Rancangan Undang-Undang Sumber Daya Genetik. Dalam penerapan Protokol Nagoya dan ABS tersebut, Indonesia dapat mengacu dari pengalamanIndia dalam menerapkan ABS dengan menyesuaikan dengan latar belakang masyarakat Indonesia.
Biopiracy and the Regulatory Framework for Material Transfer Agreements in Indonesia Masrur, Devica Rully; Yulia, Yulia; Zainol, Zinatul Ashiqin; Akpoviri, Frank I
LAW REFORM Vol 20, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/lr.v20i1.57001

Abstract

Biopiracy, the misappropriation of biological and genetic resources including the ones related to traditional knowledge, is a major challenge to some of the world’s megadiverse countries. Indonesia has been a major victim of biopiracy, facilitated by the current patent system. This article examines the case of Indonesia, the second richest of the seventeen identified megadiverse countries. The patent system aims to protect the rights of inventors, but the patent system causes injustice in cases of biopiracy. This research aims to analyse the Indonesian government's policies in dealing with biopiracy cases in Indonesia. This research is a normative legal research which uses the approaches of national and international law, biopiracy case, and conceptual. The Indonesian government has changed the patent law to deal with biopiracy cases through Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patent disclosure requirements and has also introduced the Material Transfer Agreements (MTAs) in 2009 to address this problem. They can help in controlling access to the country’s resources based on prior informed consent, promoting collaboration between local and foreign researchers, and ensuring benefit-sharing. However, the realization of these objectives may be undermined by the country’s lack of capacity to monitor compliance with the MTA conditions, the inappropriate use of Intellectual property rights (IPRs), and MTA provisions that allow recipients to transfer material and derivatives to third parties without the country’s consent.
Judges’ Acceptance of Sharia-Inspired Laws in Indonesia Kusmayanti, Hazar; Kania, Dede; Prasetyoningsih, Nanik; Zainol, Zinatul Ashiqin
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol. 17 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Sharia Faculty of State Islamic University of Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri, Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24090/mnh.v17i2.7716

Abstract

It is fascinating how customary laws are accepted by judges in the Indonesian legal system. In Aceh, particularly, its customary law is inspired by sharia or Islamic law. In addition to the national law, this law also influences judges’ consideration in making their decisions. According to Van Den Berg’s theory of receptio in complexu, Islamic law has been recognized in Indonesian legal system as a customary law. This article tries to find out how judges accept sharia-inspired customary law to pass their decisions. The research used normative-legal method. Based on the research results, the author concluded the judge’s acceptance of customary law could be seen from a Sharia Court decision related to customary disputes. This decision was passed by the Takengon Sharia Court under No. 269/Pdt.G/2017/Ms-Tkn dated May 2, 2018. It concerned with the division of joint property. This decision referred to Islamic law in giving each party a half of the total assets after being deducted by the joint debts. This decision strengthened the foothold of Islamic law in customary law and national law enforcement, especially in Aceh Province. However, it would be a different case if the customary law was in conflict with Islamic law. In such a case, the panel of judges would not accept the customary law. An example of this was the case of adopted children. Rather than receiving an inheritance, as in the traditional parental communities, they would only receive a mandatory will. One of such decisions was the Aceh Sharia Court’s Decisions No. 125/Pdt.G/2011/MS and No.084/ Pdt.P/2016/MS.Bna.
Balancing Pharmaceutical Innovation, Protection for Local Industries, and Potential Evergreening: An Analysis of Indonesia's Patent Law Amendments Roisah, Kholis; Rahayu, Rahayu; Zaman, Muhamad Nafi Uz; Zainol, Zinatul Ashiqin; Mohd Zahir, Mohd Zamre
Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Legal Responses to Technological Innovation and Governance Challenges in Indon
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jils.v10i2.31175

Abstract

Recent changes to the Patent Law in Indonesia have sparked discussion regarding efforts to balance pharmaceutical innovation, protection of local industries, and the potential for evergreening practices. This study is a doctrinal research that uses a multi-approach analysis to examine the interaction between these variables in the context of Patent Law Number 65 of 2024. The study draws on literature reviews, theories and concepts related to drug patents, the pharmaceutical industry, the right to affordable medicine, and the evergreening. The research also includes an analysis of relevant laws and regulations, including the Patent Law before and after the amendment, to identify the changes and the underlying legal politics. The results show that the removal of Article 4 (f) of the Patent Law, which previously excluded certain inventions as inventions, may open up opportunities for the evergreening. However, the government argues that the deletion aims to protect local pharmaceutical companies and broaden the definition of invention. This study critically examines these claims, taking into account the readiness of the local pharmaceutical industry to compete with multinational corporations. In addition, there is a need for a strict control mechanism to ensure the validity of the invention in the patent as well as an objective evaluation of the inventive step and its therapeutic value. This study concludes that without adequate planning, the extension of patent protection to minor modifications may prolong commercial dominance of drugs, open opportunities for evergreening practices and ultimately hinder public access to essential and affordable drugs.
Co-Authors Akpoviri, Frank I Dede Kania Hazar Kusmayanti, Hazar Kholis Roisah Masrur, Devica Rully Mohd Zahir, Mohd Zamre Mrs Yulia Nanik Prasetyoningsih Rahayu Rahayu Yulia Yulia Zaman, Muhamad Nafi Uz