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AKIBAT OvERMAcHT (KEADAAN MEMAKSA) DALAM PERJANJIAN TIMBAL BALIK elfiani, Elfiani
Alhurriyah Vol 13, No 1 (2012): Januari - Juni 2012
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (481.584 KB) | DOI: 10.30983/alhurriyah.v13i1.582

Abstract

Overmacht (circumtances force) is one of reasons that can be proposed by a debtor to defend themselves from breach of contract prosecution by a creditors. Overmacht is a state where the debtor can’t meet achievement to creditors, caused the event are beuond his control and his power. The key issue in overmacht is about who is at risk, if the achievement can’t be implemented properly because overmacht. In reciprocal agreement, settlement in the overmacht event based on the priciple of property. Debitors who do not carry out obligations because of overmacht can’t required to pay compensation, but he will also will not be entitled to kontraprestasi.
Manjalang Niniak Mamak: Makna komunikasi verbal dan non-verbal di Nagari Gunuang Malintang Kecamatan Pangkalan Luhak Limo Puluah Kota Elfiani Elfiani; Dahyul Daipon; Basri Na'ali; Fajrul Wadi; Hendri Hendri
Satwika : Kajian Ilmu Budaya dan Perubahan Sosial Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/satwika.v6i1.20789

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis makna komunikasi  verbal dan nonverbal yang terdapat pada Tradisi Manjalang Niniak Mamak di Nagari Gunuang Malintang. Hal ini dilatarbelakngi oleh seiring kemajuan teknologi dan perkembangan zaman kebiasaan saling mengunjungi oleh sebagai orang sudah mulai berkurang bahkan ada yang sudah hilang dikarenakan mereka memilih melaksanaknya secara online namun pada masyarakat Nagari Gunuang Malintang  tetap menjaga hal tersebut dengan Tradisi Manjalang Niniak Mamak yang dilaksanakan setelah hari raya Idul Fitri yang diikuti oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu etnografi dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sehingga hasil didapatkan temuan bahwa Tradisi Manjalang Niniak Mamak dimulai dengan pawai dari balai adat hingga istana tuan rumah. Peserta pawai disepanjang jalan membaca syair, diiringi alat musik rebana. Tradisi melestarikan budaya tradisi nenek moyang, ini bentuk nyata penghargaan kepada niniak mamak yang terkandung nilai religius, nilai ukhuwah dan nilai akhlak. Adapun makna komunikasi verbal pada Tradisi Manjalang Niniak Mamak yaitu pada prosesi salam samba melalui salam samba dengan makna bahwasanya niniak mamak harus di muliakan. Selanjutnya makna komunikasi nonverbal pada Tradisi Manjalang Niniak Mamak seperti tingkuluak tanduak bundo kanduang, pakaian niniak mamak. Tradisi Manjalang Niniak Mamak memiliki makna sebagai ajang silaturahmi dan komunikasi secara lansung pada saat lebaran atau hari hari tertentu yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Nagari Gunuang Malintang kepada pemimpin dalam kaum mereka seperti niniak mamak, dubalang, bundo kanduang dengan kemenakan. Kemudian dalam Tradisi Manjalang Niniak Mamak terdapat simbol simbol yang diinterpretasikan oleh masyarakat kepada makna pesan verbal dan nonverbal.   The purpose of this study was ti analyze the meaning of verbal and nonverbal communication contained in the manjalang niniak mamak tradition in Nagari Gunuang Malintang. Ths is motivated by the advancement of technology and the development of the era Along with technological advances and the development of the times, the habit of visiting each other by people has begun to decrease and some have even disappeared because they chose to it online, but the Nagari Gunuang Malintang community still maintains this with the tradition of manjalang niniak mamak which is carried out after Eid al-Fitr or before entering the month of ramadhan which is followed by niniak mamak, clerical scholars, clerever cadiak pandai, bundo kanduang and all levels of society. The tradition of manjalang niniak mamak begins with a parade called arak iriang or “baaghak” from the traditional hall to the host’s palace. Parade participants along the way read poetry, songs written on books and accompanied by a tambourine musical instruments plus a traditional umbrella. This tradition aims to preserve the culture of ancestral traditions, this activity is a tangible form of appreciation for niniak mamak, especially for nephews and nephews. The meaning of verbal communication in the manjalang niniak mamak tradition is in the procession of samba greetings through samba greetings with the meaning that niniak mamak are people who must be honored. Furthermore, the meaning of nonverbal communication in the manjalang niniak mamak tradition can be seen In the clothes worn by participants such as the tingkuluak tanduak bundo kanduang clothing which symbolizes the greatness of a Minangkabau woman, then the niniak mamak clothing which is a traditional dress which illustrates that niniak mamak is a leader and then jamba which sysbolizes that respect for niniak mamak.
Esensi Tenggang Waktu Sidang Ikrar Talak di Pengadilan Agama Bukittinggi Rahmiati Rahmiati; Elfiani Elfiani
Alhurriyah Vol 5, No 2 (2020): Juli - Desember 2020
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30983/alhurriyah.v5i2.3295

Abstract

This research is motivated by the decree in article 70 of Law act. 7 of 1989 regarding of the Religious Courts which regulates a grace period of 6 (six) months for witnessing a divorce pledge trial at the Religious Court. of setting this rule. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of the talak pledge trial at the Bukittinggi Religious Court as well as to know the wisdom of determining the 6 (six) month grace period for pronouncing the divorce vows by the husband against the wife in front of the Religious Court. This paper uses descriptive field research methods within the framework of qualitative analysis from data sources of observation, interviews and literature. The results of research and analysis found that the implementation of the pledge trial at the Bukittinggi Religious Court was carried out after the decision on the divorce divorce case had permanent legal force (inkracht), that is, if there was no ordinary legal remedy against the verdict. The time limit given to carry out the divorce pledge at the trial after the verdict with incraht is six months after the date of the divorce pledge trial is determined. The wisdom from determining a grace period of 6 (six) months for the husband to pledge his divorce is; First, to give the husband the opportunity to think about reviewing the decision to divorce his wife. Second, protection of the rights of women (wives). In this case, the husband is given the opportunity within this grace period to fulfill the rights of the wife who is demanded in court and decided by the panel of judges.Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketentuan dalam Pasal 70 UU No 7 Tahun 1989 tentang Peradilan Agama yang mengatur tenggang waktu 6 (enam) bulan untuk penyaksian sidang ikrar talak di Pengadilan Agama. Aturan ini sejatinya tidak ditemukan di dalam kajian fiqh, namun secara fungsi belum terungkap kegunaan dari penetapan aturan ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan sidang ikrar talak di Pengadilan Agama Bukittinggi sekaligus mengetahui hikmah dari penetapan tenggang waktu 6 (enam) bulan untuk pengucapan ikrar talak oleh suami terhadap isteri dihadapan sidang Pengadilan Agama. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan yang bersifat deskriptif dalam kerangka analisis kualitatif dari sumber data observasi, wawancara dan literatur. Hasil penelitian dan analisa ditemukan bahwa pelaksanaan sidang ikrar talak di Pengadilan Agama Bukittinggi dilakukan setelah keputusan perkara cerai talak mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap (inkracht), yaitu apabila terhadap putusan tersebut tidak adalagi upaya hukum biasa. Tenggang waktu yang diberikan untuk melaksanakan ikrar talak di Persidangan setelah putusan Berkekuatan Hukum Tetap (BHT) adalah enam bulan sejak penetapan hari sidang ikrar talak. Hikmah dari penetapan tenggang waktu 6 (enam) bulan bagi suami untuk mengikrarkan talaknya adalah; Pertama, untuk memberikan kesempatan berpikir kepada suami guna mengkaji ulang keputusan menceraikan isterinya. Kedua, Perlindungan terhadap hak-hak perempuan (isteri). Dalam hal ini, suami diberi kesempatan dalam tenggang waktu tersebut, untuk memenuhi hak-hak isteri yang dituntut di persidangan dan diputuskan oleh majelis hakim. Tujuan utama dari ketentuan tenggang waktu untuk ikrar talak adalah untuk mempersulit terjadinya perceraian dan kemaslahatan terhadap suami (pemohon) dan isteri (termohon).
Esensi Tenggang Waktu Sidang Ikrar Talak di Pengadilan Agama Bukittinggi Rahmiati Rahmiati; Elfiani Elfiani
Alhurriyah Vol 5, No 2 (2020): Juli - Desember 2020
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (504.7 KB) | DOI: 10.30983/alhurriyah.v5i2.3295

Abstract

This research is motivated by the decree in article 70 of Law act. 7 of 1989 regarding of the Religious Courts which regulates a grace period of 6 (six) months for witnessing a divorce pledge trial at the Religious Court. of setting this rule. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of the talak pledge trial at the Bukittinggi Religious Court as well as to know the wisdom of determining the 6 (six) month grace period for pronouncing the divorce vows by the husband against the wife in front of the Religious Court. This paper uses descriptive field research methods within the framework of qualitative analysis from data sources of observation, interviews and literature. The results of research and analysis found that the implementation of the pledge trial at the Bukittinggi Religious Court was carried out after the decision on the divorce divorce case had permanent legal force (inkracht), that is, if there was no ordinary legal remedy against the verdict. The time limit given to carry out the divorce pledge at the trial after the verdict with incraht is six months after the date of the divorce pledge trial is determined. The wisdom from determining a grace period of 6 (six) months for the husband to pledge his divorce is; First, to give the husband the opportunity to think about reviewing the decision to divorce his wife. Second, protection of the rights of women (wives). In this case, the husband is given the opportunity within this grace period to fulfill the rights of the wife who is demanded in court and decided by the panel of judges.Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketentuan dalam Pasal 70 UU No 7 Tahun 1989 tentang Peradilan Agama yang mengatur tenggang waktu 6 (enam) bulan untuk penyaksian sidang ikrar talak di Pengadilan Agama. Aturan ini sejatinya tidak ditemukan di dalam kajian fiqh, namun secara fungsi belum terungkap kegunaan dari penetapan aturan ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan sidang ikrar talak di Pengadilan Agama Bukittinggi sekaligus mengetahui hikmah dari penetapan tenggang waktu 6 (enam) bulan untuk pengucapan ikrar talak oleh suami terhadap isteri dihadapan sidang Pengadilan Agama. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian lapangan yang bersifat deskriptif dalam kerangka analisis kualitatif dari sumber data observasi, wawancara dan literatur. Hasil penelitian dan analisa ditemukan bahwa pelaksanaan sidang ikrar talak di Pengadilan Agama Bukittinggi dilakukan setelah keputusan perkara cerai talak mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap (inkracht), yaitu apabila terhadap putusan tersebut tidak adalagi upaya hukum biasa. Tenggang waktu yang diberikan untuk melaksanakan ikrar talak di Persidangan setelah putusan Berkekuatan Hukum Tetap (BHT) adalah enam bulan sejak penetapan hari sidang ikrar talak. Hikmah dari penetapan tenggang waktu 6 (enam) bulan bagi suami untuk mengikrarkan talaknya adalah; Pertama, untuk memberikan kesempatan berpikir kepada suami guna mengkaji ulang keputusan menceraikan isterinya. Kedua, Perlindungan terhadap hak-hak perempuan (isteri). Dalam hal ini, suami diberi kesempatan dalam tenggang waktu tersebut, untuk memenuhi hak-hak isteri yang dituntut di persidangan dan diputuskan oleh majelis hakim. Tujuan utama dari ketentuan tenggang waktu untuk ikrar talak adalah untuk mempersulit terjadinya perceraian dan kemaslahatan terhadap suami (pemohon) dan isteri (termohon).
PERANAN TUANKU NAN BARAMPEK MEREVITALISASI MAJID SEBAGAI PUSAT PEMBINAAN MASYARAKAT NAGARI MADANI Edi Rosman; Elfiani Elfiani; Pendi Hasibuan
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 5, No 3 (2022): Volume 5 No. 1 Edisi 3 Desember 2022
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (414.275 KB) | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v5i3.916

Abstract

Tuanku Nan Barampek is a local institution that comes from local wisdom. Its existence in the context of the Minangkabau Society has been historical from the past to the present. Existence still survives to this day. The dynamics of the Minangkabau community which has undergone social and cultural transformation have not caused this institution to lose its local symbol and identity. The presence of this research is to get an idea of how the actual existence of Tuanku nan Barampek is in the current social configuration of Minangkabau society. One of the initial arguments that this institution still exists is because in Minangkabau there are nagari and jorong which have facilities for the life of Tuanku nan Barampek itself. The life and work of Tuanku nan barampek is the mosque in Jorong and Nagari. Furthermore, what is the role of Tuanku Nan Barampek himself in prospering the mosque, how is the effort he makes in making the mosque a center for community development. Ideally, Tuanku Nan Barampek should be the government's partner in building civil society because one of the parameters of civil society in the context of civil society is realizing Islamic values in people's lives, implementing ABS-SBK customary values and so on. Research shows that Tuanku Nan Barampek still exists, but plays less of a role in revitalizing the mosque. while the effort made is to accept the mandate in accordance with the times.Keywords: Tuanku Nan Barampek, Mosque, Civil Society.
Values behind Osong Kapali Ceremony: Sociocultural Review of Indigenous and Religious Tradition Fahmil Samiran; Elfiani Elfiani; Dahyul Daipon; Rahmiati Rahmiati; Hendri Hendri
el Harakah: Jurnal Budaya Islam Vol 24, No 2 (2022): EL HARAKAH
Publisher : UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18860/eh.v24i2.17338

Abstract

This study describes the domination of local custom and religion behind the tradition of Osong Kapali among Sungai Patai community in Tanah Datar, Minangkabau, Indonesia during the decease of Datuak (the leader of ethnic group). It employs a qualitative method with observation, interviews, and documentation as research instruments. It revealed, for people, that the majesty of datuak is reflected on not only the time he receive the tittle but also the time he passes away. This ceremony is intended to honor the dead datuak. The tradition begins with baretong (planning), mangkaji adaik (discussing the tradition), mancabiak kain kafan (tearing the shroud), osong kapali (putting on the traditional fabric), marocak (spreading the coin along the way to Datuak grave), pidato alam (welcoming speech), and manigo ari (praying after the funeral procession). It contains values within, such as the leader’s majesty, datuak wisdom, and symbols of broad and clean thought. In addition, it holds sharia, educational, and social values. Osong kapali tradition is a combination of custom and religion represented in the ceremonial sequences which agree with the ideology of sarak basandi kitabullah, the Quran-based tradition. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan dominasi adat dan agama pada tradisi Osong Kapali yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Nagari Sungai Patai kabupaten Tanah Datar di Minangkabau Indonesia ketika seorang datuak meninggal dunia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi sebagai instrumen penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bagi masyarakat kebesaran seorang Datuak tidak hanya tergambar pada upacara pengangkatan gelar namun juga pada saat seorang datuak tersebut tutup usia. Upacara adat ini bertujuan untuk penghormatan kepada seorang datuak yang meninggal. Upacara Osong Kapali dimulai dengan baretong (Perencanaan), mangkaji adaik  (mendiskusikan adat), mancabiak kain kafan  (merobek kain kafan), Osong Kapali, pemasangan kain adaik  (Pemasangan kain adat), maroncak  (Menyebar koin sepanjang perjalanan ke kuburan Datuak), pidato alam  (Pidato), dan manigo hari  (berdoa setelah upacara pemakaman). Terdapat nilai nilai seperti kebesaran seorang pemimpin, kebijaksanaan seorang datuak dan symbol pemikiran yang luas dan bersih. Selain itu terdapat nilai teologi yakni nilai syari’ah, pendidikan dan sosial. Osong Kapali ini merupakan kombinasi antara adat dan agama yang terlihat dari rangkaian pelaksanaannya sesuai dengan filosofi adat ”sarak basandi kitabullah”.