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All Journal IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral (Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources) JLBG (Jurnal Lingkungan dan Bencana Geologi) (Journal of Environment and Geological Hazards) Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral (Journal of Geology and Mineral Resources) Eksplorium : Buletin Pusat Pengembangan Bahan Galian Nuklir
Ronaldo Irzon
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Aerospace Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Transportation

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Thorium and Total REE Correlation in Stream Sediment Samples from Lingga Regency Irzon, Ronaldo
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 39 No. 1 (2018): MEI 2018
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2018.39.1.3558

Abstract

Rare Earth Elements (REE) are found in variety of minerals, which are mobilized by weathering from adjacent watersheds into streambeds and affect the chemical content. A study of stream sediments is useful to trace the source of metals, as they are representative of the composition of the drainage basin. This study describes trace and rare earth elements geochemistry composition of selected nine stream sediment samples from two major Islands in Lingga Regency, namely Singkep and Lingga. Moreover, the associations of rare earth elements abundance to other elements in selected samples are used on tracing the most possible mineral as REE source. Nine selected stream sediments were identified megascopically and measured for the trace and rare earth elements composition by inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The selected samples from Lingga yielded very strong average Zr, Mn, Ba, and Rb compositions of 246 ppm, 172 ppm, 126 ppm, and 84 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, Zr, Mn, Cr, and Rb are the top four abundant trace elements from Singkep with consecutive median value of 486 ppm, 305 ppm, 145 ppm, and 85 ppm. Feltilizer for agricultural area at Lingga most posibly contain As and Rb upon these elements abundances and association. Tin mine activity was found to influence the streambeds composition with low Rb-Cs composition but high Zr-REE abundance. Very strong Th to ∑REE association suggests that thorium-bearing mineral, especially monazite-La, is the main REE source of the selected samples. All of the studied samples exhibit Eu negative anomaly to imply the absence of either detrital apatite or chemical weathering of apatite. Moreover, REE of Lingga stream sediments is averagely more fractionated than Singkep.
Proses Pembentukan dan Asal Material Formasi Kayasa di Halmahera Berdasarkan Unsur Jejak dan Unsur Tanah Jarang Irzon, Ronaldo
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 40 No. 1 (2019): MEI 2019
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2019.40.1.5445

Abstract

The complexity of rock formation on Halmahera Island is influenced by convergences of at least three main plates and is located in the active collision of two arcs. The Kayasa Formation is one of four volcanic rock units on Halmahera Island. Petrographic analysis, rare elements, and rare earth elements (REE) are applied in studying the rock emplacement process and the material source of Kayasa Formation. Bipolar microscopy is utilized in petrographic studies while Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry is used for measuring the trace and rare earth elements compositions in seven fresh samples and four altered/weathered rocks in Kayasa Formation’s domain. The fresh samples are classified as andesite-basalt based on quartz, K-feldspar, and plagioclase modal composition. Plagioclase fractional crystallization is thought to play an important role in the crystallization of Kayasa Formations. Fresh rocks in this study tend to crystallize under oxidative conditions in the marine environment, whilst altered or weathered ones formed in a reductive environment above sea level. Based on megascopic observations and REE patterns, the material of Kayasa Formation is very likely derived from the ocean plate.
Komparasi Geokimia Batuan Gunung Api Kuarter dan Tersier di Tepian Selatan Lampung Irzon, Ronaldo
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 41 No. 2 (2020): NOVEMBER 2020
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2020.41.2.6053

Abstract

The presence of volcanic rocks in Sumatra is due to the subduction of the Indian-Australian Ocean Plate under the West Sumatra Plate since the Eocene. Tanggamus Regency situated at the southern edge of Lampung with the occurrence of several Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic rock units. The aim of this study is to compare the geochemical composition of Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Hulusimpang Formation and Quaternary volcanic rocks from Mount Tanggamus in the Tanggamus Regency. XRF and ICP-MS devices were used to determine the compositions of major oxides, trace elements, and rare earth elements in this study. Based on geochemical characters, samples from the Hulusimpang Formation are calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, metaluminous to peraluminous, and in the basaltic trachyandesite to rhyolite ranges. Quaternary samples are in a narrower range of silica content and tend to be metaluminous. This study proves that the two rock groups originate from the same magma but with crustal contamination during differentiation. The two volcanic should experience through different formation processes based on the slope of the heavy-REE and the type of Eu anomaly.
Geochemistry of Ophiolite Complex in North Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi Irzon, Ronaldo; Baharuddin
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 37 No. 2 (2016): NOVEMBER 2016
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2016.37.2.2868

Abstract

Southeast Sulawesi is crosscutted by Lasolo Fault into two geological provinces: Tinondo and Hialu. Tinondo Geological Province is occupied largely by Ophiolite Complex in the northern part of Southeast Arm of Sulawesi. No study was conducted in relation to the geochemistry composition of Ophiolite Complex in North Konawe Regency. The aim of this study is to describe the ultramafic rock of the Ophiolite Complex in North Konawe Regency using field, geochemical, and petrographical analysis. Megascopically, the selected nine samples are described as greyish to blackish and fine to medium grains ultramafic rocks, which consist of pyroxene and olivine. Microscope, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) devices were used to obtain both petrography and geochemistry data. Major oxides data confirm that the selected samples are classified into ultramafic rocks as SiO2, MgO, and Fe2O3T are the most abundant oxides. The studied samples presumably came from arc tholeiitic environment tectonic setting. Ultramafic rocks often contain promising economic metals whereas the average numbers of Ni, Mn, Cr, and Co of this study are 2,675; 1,074; 2,386; and 117 ppm respectively. The rocks are generally enriched in high field strength elements whilst rare earth elements value are low, ranging from 2.11 to 7.10 ppm. Microscopically, samples can be classified into three groups: olivine-hornblende pyroxenite, lherzolite, and olivine websterite. Geochemical data describes more about the discriminant analysis of the groups.
Review on Granitic Rocks in Sumatra: Intrusion Process, Classification, Mineralization, and Potential Uses Irzon, Ronaldo; Syaeful, Heri; Kusworo, Aries; Wahyudiono, Joko; Ngadenin
EKSPLORIUM Vol. 43 No. 1 (2022): MAY 2022
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17146/eksplorium.2022.43.1.6471

Abstract

Granitic rocks are widely distributed in Sumatra and surrounding areas. These granitoids are classified into several granite provinces of Southeast Asia with different intrusion processes and specific characteristics. This paper aims to review the intrusion of granitic rocks in Sumatra and describe the opportunities associated with it. Granite rocks are used to manufacture cultural heritage, works of art, and ornaments because of their weathering resistance, color diversity, and hardness characters. S-type granite intrusion in Sumatra might be associated with tin mineralization while silver-gold with the I-type. Theoretically, granite contains more REE than other igneous rocks. Mining and extraction difficulties complicate the direct REE exploitation from fresh granite. A-type granite relatively contains more REE than the other types, but this type of granite is not correlated with certain provinces. Indonesia has a tropical climate which is prone to weathering. Therefore, it is possible for REE and/or bauxite enrichments in the granite weathering horizon. Granite is assumed to be a potential source of uranium and thorium, especially for the S-type, because it is formed through the compression of sediments that can absorb these radioactive elements from the continental crust.
Clay Mineral Characteristics of the Damar Formation in the Southern Part of the Coastal Area of Semarang and Kendal, Central Java Wafid A.N., Muhammad; Zajuli, Moh. Heri Hermiyanto; Suyono, Suyono; W, Hermawan; Irzon, Ronaldo
Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL GEOLOGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERAL
Publisher : Pusat Survei Geologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v26i3.997

Abstract

The study area is located in the southern part of the Coastal area of Semarang and Kendal, Central Java. The fine-grained sedimentary rocks of Damar Formation comprise tuffaceous mudstones, volcanic breccias, sandstones, tuffs and conglomerates; with occasional lava deposits and volcanic materials within alluvial fan deposits. The purpose of this study is to provide data on the characteristics of fine-grained sedimentary rocks of the Damar Formation including physical characteristics, diagenesis processes, and their implications for the history of rock accumulation. Based on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis of four claystone samples from the Damar Formation consist of illite (K1-1.5 Al4 (Si7 6.5 Al1-1.5 O20 )(OH)4 , mixed illite (K1-1.5 Al4 (Si7-6.5 Al1-1.5 O20 ) (OH)4 - smectite (1/2Ca)0.7 (Al,Mg,Fe)4 (Si,Al)8 O20 ).nH2 O and kaolinite (Al4 (Si4 O10 )(OH)8 . Other minerals include silica or quartz fractions and feldspar. Kaolinite is the most prominent clay mineral identified in all claystone samples analysed, although the clay textures seem to be irregular shapes of Damar Formation has undergone a diagenetic process within a mesodiagenetic level indicating sediment burial at depths of 2,500–4,000 m by temperature ranging from 80° to 120°C. Keywords: Damar Formation, SEM, diagenesis, clay mineral, illite Abstrak Area studi terletak di bagian selatan pantai Semarang dan Kendal, Jawa Tengah. Sedimen berbutir halus dari Formasi Damar terdiri dari batulumpur tufaan, breksi vulkanik, batupasir, tuf, dan konglomerat, dengan setempat deposit lava dan material volkanik dengan endapan kipas aluvial. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menyediakan data terkait karakteristik dari batuan sedimen berbutir halus dari formasi Damar termasuk karakter fisik, proses diagenesis, dan implikasinya untuk sejarah akumulasi batuan. Berdasarakan Mikroskop Scanning Elektron (SEM) analisis dari 4 (empat) percontoh batulempung Formasi Damar terdiri dari illit (K1-1.5 Al4 (Si7-6.5 Al1-1.5 O20 ) (OH)4 , campuran illit (K1-1.5 Al4 (Si7-6.5 Al1-1.5 O20 )(OH)4 - smektit (1/2Ca)0.7 (Al,Mg,Fe)4 (Si,Al)8 O20 ).nH2 O dan kaolinit (Al4 (Si4 O10 )(OH)8 . Mineral lainnya adalah silika atau kuarsa berupa fraksi, felspar. Mineral lempung kaolinit merupakan mineral lempung yang paling menonjol dari analisis batu lempung, meskipun tekstur lempungnya berbentuk kurang teratur yang menandakan proses diagenesis pada level mesodiagenesis yang pernah terpendam sampai 2500 – 4000 meter dengan temperatur berkisar 80o – 120o. Kata kunci: Formasi Damar, SEM, diagenesis, mineral lempung, illit  
Sejarah dan Proyeksi Masa Depan Pemanfaatan Nikel Indonesia Irzon, Ronaldo; Hermiyanto, Heri; Rizkika, Ollybinar; Tardeli, Alles Sandra
Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL GEOLOGI DAN SUMBERDAYA MINERAL
Publisher : Pusat Survei Geologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v26i3.975

Abstract

Nikel adalah salah satu sumber daya mineral unggulan Indonesia dan merupakan logam yang berperan strategis dalam industri global. Studi ini bertujuan untuk membahas sejarah, kondisi terkini, serta proyeksi masa depan industri nikel di Indonesia. Terdapat dua tipe endapan nikel, yaitu sulfida dan laterit. Nikel di Indonesia didominasi oleh tipe laterit yang tersebar luas di Sulawesi, Halmahera, dan Papua. Eksplorasi nikel di bumi Nusantara telah dimulai sejak tahun 1901. Oost Borneo Maatschappij dan Bone Tole Maatschappij adalah perusahaan yang melakukan eksplorasi nikel ketika masa kolonial. Pasca kemerdekaan, PT INCO dan PT Aneka Tambang berperan penting dalam eksploitasi logam tersebut. Kebutuhan global untuk industri baja tahan karat dan baterai kendaraan listrik mendorong peningkatan produksi nikel Indonesia sejak tahun 2017. Pemerintah telah menerapkan kebijakan hilirisasi dan larangan ekspor bahan mentah untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah industri nikel domestik. Dengan cadangan nikel terbesar secara global, Indonesia berpeluang untuk menjadi pemain kunci industri nikel pada masa mendatang. Indonesia perlu mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan metal companions sambil terus mengontrol kemungkinan pencemaran lingkungan akibat industri pertambangan dan pengolahan nikel. Sinergi antara pemerintah, pelaku industri, dan masyarakat menjadi kunci keberhasilan pemanfaatan nikel Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Nikel, Indonesia, laterit, metal companions, hilirisasi   Abstact Nickel is one of Indonesia’s leading mineral resources and plays a strategic role in the global industry. This study aims to discuss the history, current conditions, and future projections of the nickel industry in Indonesia. There are two types of nickel deposits: sulfide and laterite. Indonesia’s nickel is predominantly of the laterite type, which is widely distributed in Sulawesi, Halmahera, and Papua. Nickel exploration in the archipelago began in 1901. Oost Borneo Maatschappij and Bone Tole Maatschappij were companies conducting nickel exploration during the colonial era. After independence, PT INCO and PT Aneka Tambang played significant roles in the exploitation of the metal. The global demand for the stainless steel and electric vehicle battery industries has driven Indonesia’s nickel production growth since 2017. The government has implemented downstream processing policies and export bans on raw materials to increase the added value of the domestic nickel industry. With the world’s largest nickel reserves, Indonesia has the potential to become a key player in the nickel industry in the future. Indonesia needs to optimize the utilization of metal companions while continuously controlling the potential environmental pollution caused by nickel mining and processing industries. Synergy between the government, industry players, and the public is essential for the successful utilization of Indonesia’s nickel. Keywords: Nickel, Indonesia, laterite, metal companions, downstream
Geoheritage Potential of Non-Volcanic Hot Springs in Bangka Island: Implications for Geotourism Activities Permana, Asep K.; Yurnaldi, Dida; Rohiman, Asep; Kurnia, Kurnia; Koesworo, A.; Irzon, Ronaldo
Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral Vol. 26 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Pusat Survei Geologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v26i4.871

Abstract

Natural hot springs are important for various domestic purposes, health treatments, recreational bathing as well as settings for socio-cultural and traditional functions for thousands of years. However, most people are not aware and familiar with the key geological processes of these hot springs. There are three natural hot springs were discovered in the Bangka Island, while the origin and source of these hot springs are still poorly understood. This study provides the water characteristics of those springs and discusses of their origin by considering geological setting, as well as identified these hot springs as geoheritage sites potential. The surface temperatures of thermal springs range from 46 - 49° C, and the pH values ranges from 5.0 to 6.0. The hydro geochemical characteristic of hot springs is divided into two types, mature water and peripheral water. The anion composition (Cl-SO4-HCO3) obtained from water samples of the Permis Hot Spring contains high Cl, indicates as mature water type, and unrelated to recent volcanism. On the other hand, a water sample from the Nyelanding Hot Spring is relatively high HCO3which indicate as pheripheral water type, and far from the primary source. The Na-K-Mg ternary diagram reveals that water samples of the Permis hot spring is partial equilibrium water type with high Na and Cl compositions, while the Nyelanding one is immature water type characterised by high Mg content. Radiogenic granitic host rock represents the main heat source for both non volcanic hot springs in Bangka Islands. The heat is derived from deep-shallow circulation of meteoric water through fractures that cut into the granitic plutons. These hot springs are unique and show special features that play an important role in understanding of the dynamic of the Earth. These hot springs also have some significant geoheritage values, such as scientific, aesthetic, and recreational. Therefore, these hot springs have the potential to be properly conserved, managed and developed geoheritage sites and utilised for a sustainable geotourism development in Bangka Island. Keyword: Non-volcanic hot springs, geoheritage, geotourism, Bangka Island
Co-Authors Afdal Yulius Agustiany, Irfani Arief Prabowo Aries Kusworo Asep K. Permana Asep Rohiman, Asep Baharuddin Baharuddin Abdullah, Baharuddin Baharuddin Baharuddin Deswira Harneti E. Setiawan, Verry E.Setiawan, Verry Hamdan Z. Abidin, Hamdan Hanang Samodra Heri Hermiyanto Heri Syaeful Ildrem Syafri Ildrem Syafri Imtihanah Imtihanah, Imtihanah Ipranta Ipranta Ipranta Ipranta, Ipranta Irfani Agustiany Joko Soebandrio, Joko Joko Subandrio Joko Wahyudiono Koesworo, A. Kurnia KURNIA KURNIA, KURNIA Moh. Heri Hermiyanto Zajuli Ngadenin Prabowo, Arief Purnama Sendjadja, Purnama Purnama Sendjaja Riecca Oktavitania Rizkika, Ollybinar Sam Permanadewi Sendjaja, Purnama Sigit Maryanto Suyono Suyono Tardeli, Alles Sandra W, Hermawan Wafid A.N., Muhammad Yurnaldi, Dida