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Perbandingan Karakteristik Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat sebagai Bahan Emulsifier Eldha Sampepana; Paluphy Eka Yustini; Aditya Rinaldi; Amiroh Amiroh
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Vol 9 No 2 Desember 2015
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (9853.188 KB) | DOI: 10.26578/jrti.v9i2.1715

Abstract

Surfactant which is used as raw emulsifier in an industry activity such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate is a raw material import, it is petroleum derivative which is not renewable and may cause pollution to the environment, because it is not degraded and are carcinogenic. The purpose of the research is to compare the characteristics of the Quaternary methyl ester sulfonat (MES) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonat (SLS) as emulsifier. First, make the MES by filtering and eliminating fatty acids of palm oil, then process the MES with enzymatic method become methyl ester, then react it in sulfonation and metanolization process, and also neutralized with NaOH. Next, the MES experiment is compared with SLS and existing MES in the market. The results show that surfactants MES experiment has value hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) interfacial tension and emulsion stability greater than MES in the market and SLS. And the surface tension of MES experiment is larger than MES in the market, but smaller compared to SLS.ABSTRAKSurfaktan yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku emulsifer dalam aktivitas suatu industri pada saat ini seperti Sodium Lauril Sulfonat  merupakan bahan baku import yang merupakan turunan dari minyak bumi, dengan sifat tidak dapat diperbaharui dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan karena tidak mudah terdegradasi serta bersifat karsinogenik. Metil ester sulfonat dari bahan minyak sawit merupakan surfaktan dengan sifat mudah terdegradasi yang perlu diketahui karakteristiknya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik surfaktan metil ester sulfonat (MES) dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat (SLS) sebagai bahan emulsifier. Mula-mula dilakukan pembuatan MES dengan cara menyaring dan menghilangkan asam lemak minyak sawit terlebih dahulu, kemudian diolah menjadi metil ester secara enzimatis, lalu direaksikan secara sulfonasi dan metanolisis, serta dinetralkan dengan NaOH. Selanjutnya MES hasil percobaan dibandingkan dengan SLS dan MES yang ada dipasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan MES memiliki nilai hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) tegangan antar muka dan stabilitas emulsi lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan MES di pasaran dan SLS, kecuali nilai stabilitas emulsi antara MES dan SLS sama. Dan tegangan permukaan MES hasil percobaan, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan MES dipasaran, dan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan SLS. Kata kunci :   Metil  ester sulfonat, hidrofil lipofil balance, emulsifier, sodium lauril sulfonat , stabilitas emulsi 
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Bunga Rosella sebagai Bahan Pewarna pada Produk Kacang Goyang Fauziati Fauziati; Eldha Sampepana
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Vol 10 No 1 Juni 2016
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (80.212 KB) | DOI: 10.26578/jrti.v10i1.2072

Abstract

The use of synthetic dyes in food products are not good for health and the environment because there are carcinogenic materials need substitutes namely natural coloring. Rosella flower is one of the natural dyes that can be used on the peanut rocking product with the purpose to find out the color of the resulting component chemical compounds and sugar levels with the levels of acidity (pH) that is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 fixed and variable solution of extract Flowers Rosella (25 gr of powdered Flower 200 ml: Rosella water) and sugar solution (1 kg sugar : 1 Lt. water). The results showed that levels of acidity (pH) 1 and 2 have purple color; pH 3 pink; pH 4 pink faded; pH 5 and pH 7 is yellow and brownish pea shake products sugar levels generated 3.36% smaller compared to peanut products from the company amounting to rocking 3,38%. While the components of the chemical compound extract of flowers of rosella on the rocking nut products serve as food dyes also have efficacy as a medicine is Xhantosine, 5,5,7,7'- Tetrabromoindigo, Oleic acid, linoleic acid, chemical gamma-tecopherol, Vitamin E or alpha-tecopherol, Squalene.ABSTRAKPenggunaan pewarna sintetis pada produk makanan tidak baik bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan karena bersifat karsinogenik sehinga perlu bahan substitusi yaitu pewarna alami. Bunga Rosella adalah salah satu bahan pewarna alami yang dapat digunakan pada produk kacang goyang dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui warna yang dihasilkan, komponen senyawa kimia dan kadar gula dengan variasi nilai keasaman (pH) yaitu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 dan variabel tetap larutan ekstrak Bunga Rosella (25 gr bubuk Bunga Rosella : 200 ml air)  dan larutan gula (1 kg gula : 1 lt air). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kadar keasaman (pH) 1 dan 2 memiliki warna ungu; pH 3 berwarna merah muda; pH 4 berwarna merah muda pudar; pH 5 dan pH 7 berwarna kuning kecoklatan dan kadar gula produk kacang goyang yang dihasilkan 3,36% lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan produk kacang goyang dari perusahaan sebesar 3,38%. Sedangkan komponen senyawa kimia ekstrak bunga rosella pada produk kacang goyang yang berfungsi sebagai pewarna makanan juga mempunyai khasiat sebagai obat adalah Xhantosine, 5,5’,7,7’-Tetrabromoindigo, Oleic acid, kimia linoleic acid, gamma-tecopherol, Vitamin E atau alpha-tecopherol, Squalene.Ekstrak, Rosella, pewarna, kadar keasaman (pH), kacang goyang
Hidrolisis Furfural dari Tandan Kosong Sawit Eldha Sampepana; Suroto Hadi Saputra
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Vol 5 No 9 Juni 2011
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (10606.631 KB) | DOI: 10.26578/jrti.v5i9.1483

Abstract

Furfural is one of the furan derivative are widely used as solvents in the extraction of lubricants oil from natural oil. The purpose of this research are hydrolysis of furfural from empty  fruit bunch palm. Empty bunch palm was firstly cleaned, crushed, and grinded. It was then hydrolyzed with the addition of sulfuric acid  H2SO4, and dehydrated before cyclizativy. Various of H2SO4  consentration that used for hydrolysis are 5% and 7,5% with reaction time 2,3 and 3,5 hours. The optimum result of this research was abtain 27,49% of furfural by hydrolisis with H2SO4 7,5% and reaction time 3 hours.
Pemanfaatan Minyak Sawit Mentah / CPO Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) Eldha Sampepana; Sugihar tono; Paluphy Eka Yustini; Adhitya Rinaldi
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Vol 7 No 13 Juni 2013
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (8064.497 KB) | DOI: 10.26578/jrti.v7i13.1534

Abstract

Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) is an anionic surfactant that has the properties of renewable, clean and environment friendly. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions in producing MES. The raw materials used to make the MES is crude palm oil (CPO). CPO initially filtered, then processed into methyl ester enzymatically, then treated by sulfonation with H2SO4 concentration variation (7M, 9M, 11M) and temperature (85OC, 95OC), and then carried out the methanolysis process using methanol and neuralize with NaOH. The results showed that the optimum condition is treated using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 9M  at temperature of 850 C  generate yield of 49.99%, refractive index of 1.4454, the surface tension of 27.710 dyne / cm, interfacial tension of 31.50 dyne/cm , and emulsion stability at 100%.
Proses Ekstraksi Bawang Tiwai terhadap Kandungan Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Suroto Hadi Saputra; Eldha Sampepana; Paluphy Eka Yustini
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Vol.14. No.1 JUNI 2020
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26578/jrti.v14i1.5746

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian proses ekstraksi bawang tiwai dengan memanfaatkan air dalam sari bawang tiwai sebagai pelarut polar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh kandungan fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan pada tahapan proses ekstraksi bawang tiwai. Metode penelitian ini dengan tahapan bawang tiwai dihaluskan menggunakan alat juiser, proses ekstraksi menggunakan alat orbital water bath shaker dan proses penyaringan menggunakan kain saring dan kertas saring. Penelitian ini menggunakan 1 perlakuan yaitu tahapan proses ekstraksi dengan 3 sampel : ekstrak bawang tiwai, ampas bawang tiwai dan pati bawang tiwai, data yang diperoleh diolah untuk memperoleh nilai rata-rata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak, ampas dan pati bawang tiwa mengandung total fenol dan total flavonoid. Ekstrak bawang tiwai mengandung alkaloid namun tidak mengandung triterpenoid begitu pula pati dan ampas bawang tiwai. Ekstrak, pati dan ampas bawang tiwai memiliki kadar total polifenol, total flavonoid tinggi dan aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat.  
Identifikasi Komponen Senyawa Kimia Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Kromatografi Gas - Spektrometer Massa (GC-MS) Eldha Sampepana; Saibun Sitorus
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Vol 8 No 16 Desember 2014
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (9767.909 KB) | DOI: 10.26578/jrti.v8i16.1560

Abstract

Air Product, 2014, Cellulosic Biofuels (Pembakaran/Gasifikasi Lignin Hidrolisis). Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. http://www.airpro-ducts.co.id/industries/Energy/Bioenergy/Cellulosic-Biofuels/product-list/ com-bustiongasification-of-hydrolyis-lignin-cellulosic-biofuels.aspx?itemId =8F39-9214FA4A462FA14588FE4F 86D3C2, Diakses tanggal 27 Oktober 2014Alejandro R., L. Serranoa, A. Morala, A. Pereza dan L. Jimeneza, 2007, Bioresource Tehnology, 98 (3): 554-559.Andaka Ganjar, 2011, Hidrolisis Ampas Tebu Menjadi Furfural Dengan Katalisator Asam Sulfat, Jurnal Teknologi, Volume 4 Nomor 2, Desember 2011, 180-188Anindyawati, Trisanti, 2009, Prospek Enzim dan Limbah Lignoselulosa Untuk Produksi Bioetanol, Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi-LIPI, CibinongAnnisa, Gina, 2012, Hidrodeoksigenasi Bio-Oil menggunakan katalis CoMo/C untuk Optimalisasi Produksi Alkana dan Alkohol, Skripsi Universitas Indonesia, Depok.Artati, K., Enny, E., Novia Margareta, H. Widhie Vissia, 2010, Konstanta Kecepatan Reaksi Sebagai Suhu Hidrolisa Selulosa Dari Ampas tebu dengan Katalisator Asam Sulfat. Ekuilibrum Volume 9 Nomor 1 Januari 2010 Hal. 1-4. ISSN 1412-9124Darnako, 1992, Potensi Pemanfataan Limbah Lignoselulosa Kelapa Sawit Melalui Bioonversi, Berita Penelitian Perkebunan, 2 (2) : 85 – 87.Dea, I. A., 2009, Kajian Awal Biokonversi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Menjadi Etanol Melalui Sakarifikasi dan fermentasi Alkoholik, Institut Teknologi Bandung, BandungDinas Perkebunan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, 2013, Komoditi Kelapa Sawit, SamarindaFadiarwaty Diyah dan Susanto Herri, 2005, Penghematan Konsumsi Katalis Dalam Proses Hidrolisis Tandan kosong kelapa sawit Untuk Produksi Furfural, Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Volume 4 Nomor 3 Desember 2005 hal. 279 – 286Hambali, E., S. Mujdalipah, A. H. Tambunan, A. W. Pattiwiri dan Roy H. 2007, Teknologi Bioenergi, Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta.Hidajati, Nurul, 2006, Pengolahan Tongkol Jagung Sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Furfural, Jurnal Ilmu Dasar Volume 8 No. 1,  Universitas Negeri Surabaya. SurabayaIriani, P. I., 2009, Kajian Awal Biokonversi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Menjadi Etanol Melalui Skarifikasi dan Fermentasi Alkoholik, Diakses dari http://www.sith.itob.ac.id pada tanggal 16 April 2012.Juwita Rinna, Syarif Rizki Lailan, Tuhuloala Abubakar, 2012, Pengaruh dan Konsentrasi Asam Terhadap Sintesis furfural Dari Sekam Padi. Konversi, Volume 1 Nomor 1, Oktober 2012. Hal. 34 -38.Ketaren, S., 2005, Minyak dan Lemak Pangan., Universitas Indonesia Press, JakartaKirk, R. E., dan Othmer, D., 1995, Furan Derivatives : Supplement Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,  John Wiley & Sons. New YorkLewis, J. Richard., 2001,  Condensed Chemical Dictionary Fourteenth Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York.Nist Standard Reference Data, 2011, 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl- Material Measturement Laboratory. The U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. AmericaOthmer dan Kirk, 1969, Furfural and other furan compounds,”encyclopedia  of chemical Technology2nd. Ed., Vol.10Padil, Yelmida A., dan Masfika Candra, 2011, Optimasi Hidrolisis Tandan kosong kelapa sawit Dengan Ekstrak Abu Tks Menggunakan Rancangan Percobaan Response Surface Methode. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi 10 (1), Maret 2011: 42-46.Peby, Agrian 2010, Biomass to liquid: Proses Konversi tandan kosong sawit kelapa sawit menjadi biooil dengan metode pirolisis, Skripsi, Universitas Indonesia, DepokPurwito dan Firmanti, 2005, Pemanfaatan Limbah Sawit dan Asbuton Untuk Bahan Pencegah Seranggan Rayap Tanah: Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, BandungRohana Aulina Nova, Mardiah Elida dan Afrizal, 2013,  Produksi Selulase Dari Aspergillus Niger Dan Kemampuannya Menghidrolisis Ampas Tebu,  Jurnal Kimia Unand (ISSN No. 2303-3401), Volume 2 Nomor 2, Mei 2013Roliadi, H dan Fatriasari, W., 2011, Kemungkinan Pemanfaatan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Papan Serat Berkerapatan Sedang, Universitas Sriwijaya, PalembangSampepana, Eldha, Yustini Eka Paluphy, Renaldi Adhytia, Amiroh, 2013, Optimalisasi Proses Hidrolisis Furfural dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda, SamarindaSugiarta, Karmila Dian, 2009, Prarancangan Pabrik Furfural Dari Sekam Padi Dengan Proses Quaker Oats Kapasitas 1.550 Ton Per Tahun,  Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, SurakartaSuharto, 2006, Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong Sawit untuk Produksi Commercial Grade Furfural, Laporan Akhir Kumulatif – Program Penelitian dan Pengembangan IPTEK, LIPISunarko, 2007, Petunjuk Praktis Budi Daya dan Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit, Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta.Sun, Y. dan Cheng, J., 2002, Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review, Bioresource Technology, 83(1), 1-11Suryadi, H., T., Katsuragi, N., Yoshida, S. Suzuki, dan Y. Tani., 2000, Polyol production by culture of methanol utilizing yeast. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 89 (3): -Taherzadeh, M. J., dan Karimi, K., 2007, Enzyme-based hydrolysis processes for ethanol from lignocellulosic materials: A review, BioResources, 2(4), 707-738Wahyuni, Susilowati Ari, Setyaningsih Ratna, 2004, Optimasi Produksi Xilitol Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Hidrolisat Hemiselulosa Bagase Oleh Candida Tropicalis. Biofarmasi 2 (1): 29-34, Pebruari 2004, ISSN: 1693-2242Wijanarko Anondho, Witono Anton Johanes, Wiguna Satria Made, 2006, Tinjauan Komprehensif Perancangan Awal Pabrik Furfural Berbasis Ampas Tebu Di Indonesia, Journal Of The Indonesian Oil And Gas Community. Published By “Komunitas Migas Indonesia”, ISSN: 1829-9466Wijaya Mohammad, Noor Erliza, Irawadi Tedja Tun Dan Pari Gustan, 2008, Perubahan Suhu Pirolisis Terhadap Struktur Kimia Asap Cair Dari Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Pinus, Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan 1(2): 73-77 (2008)Wilson, W.C., 1941,"Furan", Org. Synth, Coll. Vol. 1: 274
Analisa Sifat Fisikokimia Tanin Kulit Akasia Mangium Untuk Bahan Baku Perekat Eldha Sampepana; Enih Rosarnah
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Vol 4 No 8 Desember 2010
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1376.887 KB) | DOI: 10.26578/jrti.v4i8.1469

Abstract

Tannin is a  derivative from organic compound from glycosides found in various plants, the most important commercial condensed tannin oblained from gymnosperms species for example Acacia mangium. Tannin is one of the  adhesive  materials  that  can have  a  dimensional stability  of  wood. Tannin contains flavonoid compounds that have hydroxyl groups that are reactive to condense against   other materials   as a cross-link agent, like formaldehyde, which may increase the number of polymer units of tannins, thus increasing the bonding strength of tannin based adhesives. Based on the results of physicochemical analysis of extracts (tannins) from the bark of A. mangium  as a raw material for adhesives, it can be concluded  that the A.  mangium tannin   had a higher reactivity toward formaldehyde of 96%,  reactivity  of  tannin  toward  hexamefhylene  tetramine  of  46.18%, tannins toward ethylene glycol of 3.07% and tannins toward dimethylol urea of   183.59%.    Meanwhile,   the   value  of   reactive   polyphenol   content determined by UV-Method showed in tannin with formaldehyde of 97.65%, tannins with hexamethylene tetramine of 46%,  tannins with ethylene glycol of 2%,  and tannins with dimelhylolurea of 56.26%.   The resuits of gelation time   (gel time) measurements fullfilled the requirements of JIS K 6833-1980 by the treatment of hexamelhylenen tetramine for variable II and III, and  the treatment of ethylene glycol (variable VI). The viscosity values by the  Ireatment of hexamethylenen  tetramine (variable II, III, and  IV), for ethylene glycol (variable II  -  VI)  met the requirement conditions  by JIS K 6833-1980. 
Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (Tkks) untuk Produksi Etanol Eldha Sampepana; Paluphy Eka Yustini; Titik Nurwidawati
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Vol 6 No 12 Desember 2012
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (9504.005 KB) | DOI: 10.26578/jrti.v6i12.1518

Abstract

Palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFB) waste contains ±45% cellulose  which can be hydrolyzed into simple sugars using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and fermented into ethanol. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum HCl concentration and hydrolysis time for ethanol production. HCl concentration level used was  2N and 3N, and the variation of hydrolysis time period was 2 hourse and 3 hourse. The hydrolysis product was then fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisae. The results showed that the optimum condition of  EFB hydrolysis was obtained from concentration 3N HCl  during 2 hourse process with 16,34% of reducing sugar. The optimum ethanol content was 0.30% which was abtainst after 3 day process. Mean while the optimum of  carbon dioxide (CO2) was reached on the three day.
Diversifikasi Pengolahan Jahe Menjadi Produk Awetan Nami Lestari; Eldha Sampepana; Sitti Nurlina; Tita Sri Palupi
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Vol 1 No 1 Juni 2007
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1066.771 KB) | DOI: 10.26578/jrti.v1i1.1337

Abstract

Ginger ( Zingiber Officinale) is one of spices having many beneficial uses and its potency in East Kalimantan is quite big.  This region produces about2,454.000  tons of  ginger  every  year.  (The  Plantation  Services of  East Kalimantan Province, 2004). The aim of this research is to find an effecient technology for small and madium scale industries to process ginger to become preserved products like instant ginger drinks, candies and syrup. The research looked for the right formulae in processing of instant ginger drinks and ginger syrups and tile right filler substance in making ginger candies. The formula willbe represented in the composition of ginger, sugar and water. Based on organoleptic testing, the best species of ginger made for those products is "elephantginger" and Ihe best composition for making instant ginger products is 750 gram, 1000 gram and 250 ml for "elephant ginger'; sugar and waterrespectively. In addition, the best composition to make ginger syrup is 500 gram and 1000 ml of ..elephant ginger". suqer and water respectively. Lastly. the best filler substance for soft ginger candy is gelatinous flour.
Analisa Kandungan Kimia Dan Pemanfaatan Bawang Tiwai ( Eleutherine Americana Merr) Untuk Bahan Baku Industri Suroto HS; Eldha Sampepana
Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Vol 1 No 1 Juni 2007
Publisher : Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1380.159 KB) | DOI: 10.26578/jrti.v1i1.1338

Abstract

This research aims to get information  about the utilization of chemical compound  contained in Bawang  Tiwai. Bawang Tiwai collected from forest and merchandizer  were sorted according to their age/rotten/dries and defects. The next step is making specimens simplisia by using knifes or slicer, after that they are dried naturally  by the sun for about  2 weeks and finally  they are powdered  by using blender. Extraction is done by solving the sample in methanol  and hot water solution. The mixing is then shaked thoroughly  by a shaker for 24 hours or ovenight.  Based on chemical analysis, Bawang Tiwai contains chemical compounds  like tanin, fenol, carbohydrate, and protein. Bawang Tiwai can be made as a raw material  of pharmaeutical  and food additive industries.