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Secondary Foreign Policy: The Cooperation Role of Local and Regional Actors in Border Issues in Riau Islands Wahyudi, Herry; Setiawan, Azhari; Putra, Ardi
Indonesian Perspective Vol 9, No 2 (2024): (Juli-Desember 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v9i2.68830

The Riau Islands Province is a province that directly faces the borders of the Republic of Indonesia. The existence of the Riau Islands as a province on the border and northern gateway to Indonesia makes the Riau Islands face the dynamics of border issues. The dynamics of border issues which are in direct contact with the development of the discipline of International Relations with the presence of new actors in International Relations make border issues worthy of study. This research tries to examine the existence of new actors in international relations that have direct contact with border issues in the Riau Islands province. One of the development dynamics raised by researchers is the presence of new actors in the regions who have an important role in carrying out foreign sub-policies related to border issues, especially in the Riau Islands province. This research will discuss this phenomenon by examining the concept of secondary foreign policy used by local and regional actors in the Riau Islands province in building and designing border cooperation. This research use a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study that focuses on a thematic approach by organizing data through bibliometric analysis. This technique is expected to be able to discover and measure secondary foreign policy concepts used by local and regional actors in the Riau Islands province in building border cooperation.

Secondary Foreign Policy: The Cooperation Role of Local and Regional Actors in Border Issues in Riau Islands Wahyudi, Herry; Setiawan, Azhari; Putra, Ardi
Indonesian Perspective Vol 9, No 2 (2024): (Juli-Desember 2024)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v9i2.68830

The Riau Islands Province is a province that directly faces the borders of the Republic of Indonesia. The existence of the Riau Islands as a province on the border and northern gateway to Indonesia makes the Riau Islands face the dynamics of border issues. The dynamics of border issues which are in direct contact with the development of the discipline of International Relations with the presence of new actors in International Relations make border issues worthy of study. This research tries to examine the existence of new actors in international relations that have direct contact with border issues in the Riau Islands province. One of the development dynamics raised by researchers is the presence of new actors in the regions who have an important role in carrying out foreign sub-policies related to border issues, especially in the Riau Islands province. This research will discuss this phenomenon by examining the concept of secondary foreign policy used by local and regional actors in the Riau Islands province in building and designing border cooperation. This research use a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature study that focuses on a thematic approach by organizing data through bibliometric analysis. This technique is expected to be able to discover and measure secondary foreign policy concepts used by local and regional actors in the Riau Islands province in building border cooperation.

Kerjasama Ekonomi Singapura-Malaysia di Johor dan Dampaknya terhadap Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Batam Azrul Asyikin; Setiawan, Azhari
Review of International Relations Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Review of International Relations (Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hubungan Internasional)
Publisher : UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/rir.v7i1.56799

This study analyzes the potential impact of the Johor-Singapore Special Economic Zone (JSSEZ) on the development and competitiveness of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in Batam. Initiated through a high-level agreement between Malaysia and Singapore, the JSSEZ represents a strategic advancement in regional economic cooperation, aiming to integrate complementary strengths such as land and labor in Johor with Singapore’s financial and technological capital. This paper adopts a systematic literature review method to compare the design, sectoral focus, and investment incentives of JSSEZ with existing SEZs in Batam. The study finds significant overlap in priority sectors, such as electronics manufacturing, digital economy, and logistics, which raises both competitive risks and collaborative opportunities. The analysis highlights that while Batam benefits from geographic proximity to Singapore and a long-established industrial base, it faces challenges in infrastructure, regulatory efficiency, and skilled labor retention. The paper argues that JSSEZ could either intensify competition or open up new synergies depending on policy responses and investment strategies. The study concludes that proactive alignment and regional coordination could transform the perceived competition into a mutually beneficial economic corridor.

Beyond the Long-term Infrastructure Project: Survival Analysis on Monetary Institution and Capital City Relocation Setiawan, Azhari; Wahyudi, Herry; Putra, Ardi; Rahayu, Sri
JSP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan ilmu Poltik) Vol 28, No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jsp.97648

Past studies on regime change, political business cycles, and long-term infrastructure projects have shown that regime change can significantly shift policy priorities and approaches to long- term projects. Leaders aiming for survival will leverage available resources and policies to retain power, ensure regime sustainability, maintain policy coherence, and secure project continuity, especially for long-term infrastructure projects extending beyond their tenure. Most existing literature has discussed how leaders use resources to maximise power retention. However, the impact of these resources and policies on the success of long-term infrastructure projects has not been adequately tested, particularly regarding the economic impact of capital city relocation and the role of macroeconomic policies in accelerating this impact. We argue that expanding monetary policy instruments for project continuity and policy realignment can accelerate the achievement of capital relocation goals. Using Cox regression survival analysis on 16 countries that relocated their capital between 1956 and 2023, we assessed the time required to achieve targeted goals and examined macroeconomic factors influencing these timelines. Our results indicate a 75% chance of achieving success within 50 years, 50% within 30 years, and 25% within 20 years. The expansion of monetary policy instruments accelerates project goal achievement. However, since our study focuses on political-economic aspects, future research needs to include other variables, such as political stability, party polarisation, and opposition autonomy regarding policy realignment and long-term project continuity.

“Engines” of Growth, “Sponges” of Labor: A Study on Economic Transformation and the Kuznets Paradox in Kepulauan Riau Farhan, Adhe Fadli; Setiawan, Azhari; Pratama, Ryan Anggria; Azizi, Okky Rizki; Asyikin, Azrul
Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Politik Lokal Vol 7 No 2 (2025): JGLP, NOVEMBER 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pancasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47650/jglp.v7i2.2248

This study investigates the relationship between structural transformation and regional inequality in Kepulauan Riau (Kepri), Indonesia, a province strategically located as an industrial and service hub yet marked by persistent disparities. While the Kuznets hypothesis suggests an inverted-U link between growth and inequality, evidence from archipelagic economies remains limited. The main purpose of this research is to assess whether Kepri follows or diverges from the Kuznets trajectory by analyzing sectoral shifts and their implications for inequality dynamics. Using provincial macro and microeconomic data, this study applies panel data econometrics and productivity decomposition techniques to evaluate both within-sector growth and labor reallocation effects. The results reveal that industrial expansion generates high productivity but limited employment opportunities, while services act as a labor sponge with weak welfare contributions. This dualistic pattern, termed the “structural change penalty,” has amplified inequality across sectors and regions rather than reducing it. The findings underscore the need for stronger industrial linkages, service sector upgrading, and inclusive regional policies to ensure that structural transformation fosters broad-based and equitable development. By shifting the analytical focus from the national to the sub-national level, this study contributes new insights into the role of local governance, spatial politics, and policy choices in shaping divergent development paths in Indonesia.

UNVEILING TRANSNATIONAL ORGANISED CRIMES NETWORKS: MARITIME NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING AND SMUGGLING IN KEPULAUAN RIAU Riyadi, Sayed Fauzan; Setiawan, Azhari; Putra, Ardi; Rivai, Aspin Nur Arifin
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 26, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Maritime routes in Kepulauan Riau Province, Indonesia, serve as pivotal entry points for narcotics trafficking and smuggling within the Southeast Asian region. This study delves into the establishment and evolution of these illicit networks by examining three key variables: demographic and socio-economic characteristics, operating structures and classifications, methods, means, and funding sources. Leveraging an analysis of 355 court rulings records, the authors constructed a comprehensive dataset encompassing these variables. The findings underscore the intricate nature of narcotics trafficking networks, spanning from production to distribution, with involvement at various levels across diverse demographics. Notably, the exorbitant earnings potential, with couriers fetching up to 700 million rupiahs, underscores the financial allure of the narcotics trade. Moreover, the research elucidates the pivotal role of public transportation modes, including ships, planes, and speed boats, in facilitating these illicit activities. Furthermore, the intricate web of relationships among defendants, ranging from familial to social ties, underscores the complex nature of these networks. The authors argue that effective law enforcement and prevention strategies necessitate a nuanced understanding of these social dynamics to combat narcotics operations effectively. The implication is that law enforcement and prevention must focus on specific individuals or groups and recognize patterns of social relationships utilized in narcotics operations.

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