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Journal : Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences

The Effect of Nitrogen Gas Flushing on Intermediate Products Formation in Acidogenic Stage of Anaerobic Process of Cocoa Sweatings Syafila, Mindriany; Handajani, Marisa; Prayascitra, Adearty
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 42, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (593.33 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2010.42.2.2

Abstract

Cocoa is one of Indonesian-main plantation commodities. During the cocoa seed drying process, there are two types of waste that are cocoa pod and cocoa sweating. Since the organic compounds contained in cocoa sweating is high enough, it is possible to anaerobically treat this wastewater in order to recover either intermediate or end products. Preliminary study showed that the existence of H2 in the reactor would block acetic acid formation. Therefore, the aim of this current experiment was to decrease hydrogen partial pressure by flushing various nitrogen gas flow rate to shift the intermediate products during the cocoa sweating anaerobic treatment. The experiments were carried on a Circulating Bed Reactor (CBR) which contained organic compounds around 100,000 mg/l COD. Then, the reactor was flushed continuously with nitrogen gas as without flushing, 125 ml/min, 500 ml/min and 750 ml/min. The results show there was a possibility that the introduction of nitrogen gas into the reactor could shift the profile of the intermediate product formation. At lower nitrogen gas flow rate more ethanol was formed than acetate formation, although at higher nitrogen gas flow rate the formation of acetate was still low enough. 
The Effect of Ozonation Process on Bromide-Containing Groundwaters in Bandung Area and Its Surroundings Syafila, Mindriany; Sukandar, Sukandar; Haryanto, Eric
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 44, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (285.644 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2012.44.3.3

Abstract

Disinfection process was applied as the last step of the water treatment to kill pathogenic bacteria in  the  water. However,  according to  several studies, the  ozonation  disinfection  process could form undesired by-products.  One of the by-products  potentially  affecting human life is bromate  produced from bromide ionic-containing  water. This study was carried out to examine the effect of raw water  characteristics  and  pH  on  bromate  formation.  Also,  the  performance  of bromate formation for a period of exposure time was analyzed. Raw waters taken from four different areas around Bandung were exposed to ozone introduced to a reactor with a flow rate of 2 L/min. The pH of the raw waters varied from 4, 7 to 10.  The  results  show  that  there  was  no  evidence  of  an  initial  bromide  ion concentration,  whereas  a  change  in  pH  value  gives  a  significantly  different outcome. In  acidic condition  (pH of 4) the  bromate  formation tends to decrease, whereas  when  the  pH  value  increases  to  a  pH  of  10,  the  bromate  formation increases.  Therefore, for drinking water  with a  neutral pH,  when bromide ions are  detected  in  the  raw  water,  the  drinking  water  may  be  toxic  due  to  the presence of bromate.
The Effect of Nitrogen Gas Flushing on Intermediate Products Formation in Acidogenic Stage of Anaerobic Process of Cocoa Sweatings Mindriany Syafila; Marisa Handajani; Adearty Prayascitra
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 42 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2010.42.2.2

Abstract

Cocoa is one of Indonesian-main plantation commodities. During the cocoa seed drying process, there are two types of waste that are cocoa pod and cocoa sweating. Since the organic compounds contained in cocoa sweating is high enough, it is possible to anaerobically treat this wastewater in order to recover either intermediate or end products. Preliminary study showed that the existence of H2 in the reactor would block acetic acid formation. Therefore, the aim of this current experiment was to decrease hydrogen partial pressure by flushing various nitrogen gas flow rate to shift the intermediate products during the cocoa sweating anaerobic treatment. The experiments were carried on a Circulating Bed Reactor (CBR) which contained organic compounds around 100,000 mg/l COD. Then, the reactor was flushed continuously with nitrogen gas as without flushing, 125 ml/min, 500 ml/min and 750 ml/min. The results show there was a possibility that the introduction of nitrogen gas into the reactor could shift the profile of the intermediate product formation. At lower nitrogen gas flow rate more ethanol was formed than acetate formation, although at higher nitrogen gas flow rate the formation of acetate was still low enough. 
The Effect of Ozonation Process on Bromide-Containing Groundwaters in Bandung Area and Its Surroundings Mindriany Syafila; Sukandar Sukandar; Eric Haryanto
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 44 No. 3 (2012)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/itbj.eng.sci.2012.44.3.3

Abstract

Disinfection process was applied as the last step of the water treatment to kill pathogenic bacteria in  the  water. However,  according to  several studies, the  ozonation  disinfection  process could form undesired by-products.  One of the by-products  potentially  affecting human life is bromate  produced from bromide ionic-containing  water. This study was carried out to examine the effect of raw water  characteristics  and  pH  on  bromate  formation.  Also,  the  performance  of bromate formation for a period of exposure time was analyzed. Raw waters taken from four different areas around Bandung were exposed to ozone introduced to a reactor with a flow rate of 2 L/min. The pH of the raw waters varied from 4, 7 to 10.  The  results  show  that  there  was  no  evidence  of  an  initial  bromide  ion concentration,  whereas  a  change  in  pH  value  gives  a  significantly  different outcome. In  acidic condition  (pH of 4) the  bromate  formation tends to decrease, whereas  when  the  pH  value  increases  to  a  pH  of  10,  the  bromate  formation increases.  Therefore, for drinking water  with a  neutral pH,  when bromide ions are  detected  in  the  raw  water,  the  drinking  water  may  be  toxic  due  to  the presence of bromate.